This standard specifies the test methods for surge protective devices (SPD) used in low-voltage power distribution systems and surge protective devices (SPD) for signal networks. This standard applies to the test of electronic and electrical equipment protectors (SPDs) that are assembled and connected to low-voltage power distribution lines and telecommunication and signal networks with an AC rated voltage not exceeding 1000V (effective value), 50/60Hz or a DC voltage not exceeding 1500V. QX/T 108-2009 Surge Protector Test Method QX/T108-2009 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the test methods for surge protective devices (SPD) used in low-voltage power distribution systems and surge protective devices (SPD) for signal networks. This standard applies to the test of electronic and electrical equipment protectors (SPDs) that are assembled and connected to low-voltage power distribution lines and telecommunication and signal networks with an AC rated voltage not exceeding 1000V (effective value), 50/60Hz or a DC voltage not exceeding 1500V.

ICS07.060
Meteorological Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
QX/T108—2009
Testing methods of surge protective device
Testing methods of surge protective device2009-06-07 Issued
Meteorological Bureau
Implementation on 2009-11-01
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Testing methods of surge protective devices for low-voltage power distribution systems4.1
Preferred values ​​of SPD
Preferred value of impulse current Imp for level I test
Nominal discharge current I for level II testPreferred value of nominal discharge voltage U for level III testPreferred value of voltage protection level U
RMS value of AC or maximum continuous working voltage U of DC. Preferred values ​​of General requirements
General test procedures
Impulse test waveform
Measurement equipment for measuring impulse voltage and impulse current Type test of surge protective devices (SPD) for low-voltage power distribution systems 4.3.1
Marking and marking
Direct contact protection test
Mechanical properties test of terminals and connections...·Standby power consumption and residual current test
Determination of limiting voltage
Operation load test || tt||Safety performance of SPD disconnector and SPD overload Short-circuit withstand capability
Tests under transient overvoltage (TOV) caused by faults in high (medium) voltage systems TOV tests caused by faults in low voltage systems
Mobile SPD with flexible cables and wires and mechanical strength tests of their connections
Resistance to abnormal heat and flame
Test methods for surge protectors for telecommunication and signaling networks 5
Test conditions
Test Temperature and test humidity
General test requirements
Allowable waveform error
Test method
General inspection
Insulation resistance
QX/T108—2009
QX/T108—2009
Impact withstand test
Impact limiting voltage
Overload failure mode
Blind spot test
Capacitance, inductance
Insertion loss|| tt||Return loss
Bit error rate (BER)
Appendix A (Informative Appendix)
Telecommunication system
......
Transmission characteristics involved in IT systems
Signal, measurement and control systems
A.3 Cable TV system
Appendix B (Normative Appendix)
TOV value
Appendix B of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix A is a normative informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (SAC/TC345). This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (SAC/TC345). The main drafting units of this standard are: Shanghai Lightning Protection Center, Beijing Lightning Protection Device Test Center. QX/T108—2009
Participating drafting units of this standard: Opel Electric (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Sichuan Zhongguang Lightning Protection Technology Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are Cai Zhenxin, Zhao Jun, Zhao Yang, Wang Jianchu, Wang Deyan, Liu Fuwen, Hou Liu, Cao Hesheng, Huang Xiaohong. 1 Scope
Surge Protector Test Method
QX/T108—2009
This standard specifies the test methods for surge protectors (SPDs) used in low-voltage power distribution systems and signal networks. This standard applies to the testing of electronic and electrical equipment protectors (SPDs) that are assembled and connected to low-voltage distribution lines and telecommunication and signal networks with an AC rated voltage not exceeding 1000V (effective value), 50/60Hz or a DC voltage not exceeding 1500V. Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4208-93 Enclosure protection degree (IP code) GB/T14733.7-1993 Telecommunications terminology Oscillation, signal and related devices GB16895.21-2004 Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Safety protection Chapter 44: Protection against overvoltage Section 442: Protection of low voltage devices against faults between high voltage system and ground GB16895.22-2004 Electrical installations of buildings Part 5-53: Selection and installation of electrical equipment - Disconnection, switchgear and control equipment Section 5.3.4: Overvoltage protection devices GB/T16896.1-2005 High voltage impulse measuring instruments and software Part 1: Requirements for instruments GB/T16927.1-1997 High voltage test technology Part 1: General test requirements GB/T17627.1-1998 High voltage test technology for low voltage electrical equipment Technology Part 1: Definitions and test requirements GB/T18015.1-2007 Digital communication twisted or star-twisted multi-core symmetrical cables Part 1: General specification GB18802.1-2002 Surge protective devices (SPD) for low-voltage power distribution systems Part 1: Performance requirements and test methods GB/T18802.21-2004 Low-voltage surge protective devices Part 21: Surge protective devices (SPD) for telecommunication and signal networks - Performance requirements and test methods
IEC60999-1:1999 Connecting devices copper conductor threaded and threadless clamping parts safety requirements Part 1: General requirements and special requirements for clamping parts for 0.2mm2 to (inclusive) 35mm conductors (Connecting devices-Electrical copper conductors Safety requirements for screw-type and screwless-type clamping units-Part 1: General requirements and particular requirements for clamping units for conductors from 0.2 mm up to 35 mm (included)) IEC61643-1: 2005 Low-voltage surge protective devices Part 1: Surge protective devices for low-voltage power distribution systems-Performance requirements and test methods (Low-voltage surge protective devices-Part 1: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems-Requirements and tests) IEEEC62.36-2000 Test methods for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications and signaling circuits (Standard test methods for surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications and signaling circuits) UL1449 3rd Edition 20069-29 Surge protective devices (Surge protective devices) 3 Terms and definitions || tt || The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Surge protective device
surge protective device; SPD
An electrical device used to limit instantaneous overvoltage and discharge surge current, which includes at least one nonlinear element. 1
QX/T108—2009
Voltage switching type SPDvoltageswitchingtypeSPD has high impedance when there is no surge, and can immediately turn into a low impedance SPD when there is a surge. Commonly used components of voltage switching type SPD include discharge gap, gas discharge tube, thyristor (silicon controlled rectifier) ​​and triac. This type of SPD is sometimes also called "short-circuit type SPD".
Voltage limiting type SPDvoltagelimitingtypeSPD has high impedance when there is no surge, but as the surge current and voltage increase, its impedance will continue to decrease. Commonly used nonlinear elements are: varistors and suppression diodes. This type of SPD is sometimes also called "box type SPD". 3.4
combinationSPD
Combination SPD
SPD composed of voltage switching and voltage limiting components. Its characteristics can be voltage switching, voltage limiting or both depending on the characteristics of the applied voltage.
nominaldischargecurrent
nominaldischargecurrent
The current peak value flowing through the SPD has an 820 waveform and is used for SPD classification in level II tests and pre-treatment tests of SPDs in level I and level tests.
Impulse current
Impulse current
is determined by the current peak value
, charge Q and specific energy W/R. The test should be carried out according to the procedure of the action load test. This applies to the SD classification test in level I tests. The 10/350us waveform is one of the waveforms that may achieve the above requirements. 3.7
The maximum discharge current for class Ⅱ test maximum discharge current for class Ⅱ test Imax
flows through the SPD, with a peak value of 8X20 waveform current, and its value is determined according to the procedure of the IⅡI classification test. I>I. 3.8
Maximum continuous operating voltage maximum continuous operating voltage U.
The maximum AC voltage effective value or DC voltage allowed to be applied to the SPD permanently. Its value is equal to the rated voltage. For SPDs used in telecommunications and signal networks, it refers to the maximum voltage (DC or RMS value) that can be continuously applied to the SPD terminals without causing a decrease in the SPD transmission characteristics. 3.9
Standby power consumption
standbypowerconsumption
The power consumed by the SPD when the SPD is connected according to the manufacturer's instructions, the maximum continuous operating voltage (U.) with balanced voltage and balanced phase angle is applied, and there is no load.
Followcurrent
The current flowing through the SPD from the power system after the impulse current. 2
ratedloadcurrent
Rated load current
QX/T108—2009
The maximum continuous rated AC current or DC current that can be provided to the load connected to the output end of the SPD protection. 3.12
Voltage protection level
protectivevoltage level
The performance parameter that characterizes the SPD to limit the voltage between the terminals, and its value can be selected from the list of preferred values. This value should be greater than the highest value of the limiting voltage.
Limiting voltage
measured limitingyoltage
The maximum voltage peak value measured between the SPD terminals when an impulse voltage of specified waveform and amplitude is applied3.14
residual voltage
The voltage peak value between the terminals when a discharge current flows through the SPD3.15
Transient overvoltage characteristic
temporaryovervoltagecharacteristicThe working state when the SPD is subjected to a transient overvoltage (TOV)U for a specified duration. Note: This characteristic or the ability to withstand
transient overvoltage without causing unacceptable changes in characteristics or functions,2/50 voltage impulse
1.2/50 impulse voltage
The impulse voltage with an apparent wavefront time (the time from 10% to 90% of the value) of 1.2μs and a half-peak time of 50μs. 3.17
8/20 impulse current
8/20current impulse
The impulse current with apparent wavefront time of 8
and peak time of 20us/
combination wavecombinationwave
is generated by the impulse generator, and an impulse voltage of 1.2/50us is applied when the circuit is open, and an impulse current of 8/20/μus is applied when the circuit is short. The voltage, current amplitude and waveform supplied to the SPD depend on the impedance of the impulse generator and the SPD subjected to the impulse. The ratio of the peak value of the open circuit voltage to the peak value of the short circuit current is 2Q; this ratio is defined as the virtual impedance 27. The short circuit current is represented by the symbol 1. The open circuit voltage is represented by the symbol U. 3.19
thermal runaway
Thermal collapse
When the power loss borne by the SPD exceeds the heat dissipation capacity of the casing and connectors, the temperature of the internal components gradually increases, eventually leading to its damage.
thermal stability
thermal stability
thermal stability in operating duty testthermal stability in operating duty testAfter the operating duty test that causes the temperature rise of the SPD, the power frequency voltage is applied for 30 minutes. In the last 15 minutes of applying the U voltage, if the peak value of the resistive component of the current or the power consumption decreases steadily, the SPD is considered to be thermally stable. 3.20.2
thermal stability in test of thermal stability of SPDs3
QX/T108—2009
In the thermal stability test, it means that the surface temperature of the sample changes by less than 2°C within 10 minutes. 3.21
degradation
Changes in the original performance parameters of the SPD due to surges, use or adverse environment. 3.22
short-circuit withstand
Withstand short-circuit current
The maximum prospective short-circuit current that the SPD can withstand. 3.23
SPD disconnector
SPDdisconnector
An internal and/or external device that disconnects the SPD from the power supply system. NOTE This disconnect device does not need to have isolation capability; it protects against sustained system faults and is used to give an indication of SPD fault. In addition to the disconnector function, it also has other functions, such as overcurrent protection and thermal protection. These functions may be combined in one device or performed by several devices. 3.24
degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code) Enclosure protection degree (IP code)
The degree of protection provided by the enclosure against access to hazardous parts, against solid foreign objects from the outside and/or against the ingress of water into the shell. 3.25
Type test typetests
Tests conducted on a new SPD when the design and development is completed, usually used to determine typical performance and to prove that it complies with relevant standards. After the test is completed, it is generally not necessary to repeat the test, but when the design changes so as to affect its performance, only the relevant project tests need to be repeated.
Routine test
routinetests
Tests conducted on each SPD or its components and materials as required to ensure that the product meets the design specifications. 3.27
Acceptance test
acceptancetests
Tests conducted on the ordered SPD or its typical samples with the agreement between the supply and demand parties. 3.28
Decoupling network
fdecouplingnetwork
Device used to prevent surge energy from feeding back to the grid during the SPD energization test. Sometimes called "reverse filter". 3.29
Classification of impulse tests
Class I test
classItest
A test performed with the defined nominal discharge current I,, 1.2/50 impulse voltage and the maximum impulse current Imp for class I test. 3.29.2
Class II test
class I test
A test performed with the defined nominal discharge current I,, 1.2/50 impulse voltage and the maximum discharge current Im for class II test. 3.29.3
Class II testbzxz.net
class II test
A test performed with the composite wave (1.2/50, 8/20) defined in 3.18. 3.30
Overcurrent protection
Overcurrent protection
Overcurrent device (such as circuit breaker or fuse) located at the front end of the SPD as part of the electrical device. 4
Residual current device residual current device; RCD QX/T108—2009
Under specified conditions, a mechanical switch or combination device that can disconnect the contacts when the residual current and unbalanced current reach a given value.
Discharge voltage of a voltage switching SPD sparkovervoltageofavoltageswitchingSPD The maximum voltage value before the breakdown discharge occurs between the gap electrodes of the SPD. 3.33
Specific energy for class I test
Specific energy for class I test The energy consumed when the impulse current I flows through a 1Q unit resistance, which is equal to the integral of the square of the current over the time. 3.34
Prospective short-circuit current of a power supply
The current that may flow if a conductor with negligible impedance is short-circuited at a given position in the circuit. 3.35
Rated breaking follow-on current
follow current interruptingratingThe prospective short-circuit current value that the SPD itself can disconnect. 3.36
residual current
The current flowing through the PE terminal when the unloaded SPD is connected according to the manufacturer's instructions and the maximum continuous working voltage (U.) is always applied. 3.37
Status indicator
status indicator
A device that indicates the working status of the SPD.
Transient overvoltage fault performance TOVfailurebehaviorThe performance of the SPD connected between the phase/neutral terminal and the ground terminal under the TOV conditions specified in 413 of GB16895.21-2004.
Note: The transient overvoltage may exceed the transient overvoltage withstand capability UT of the SPD. 3.39
Nominal a,c.voltageof thesystemNominal relative neutral voltage of the system (RMS value of the AC voltage). 3.40
Maximum continuous operating voltage of powersupplysystem;Ucs
The maximum AC RMS value or DC voltage that the SPD can withstand for a long time at its use location. Note: Only voltage regulation constraints and voltage drops and rises are considered here. It is also called the "actual maximum system voltage". 3.41
Blind spot
A working point that is higher than the maximum continuous working voltage U. but can cause incomplete operation of the SPD. This can cause some components in the SPD to suffer 5
QX/T108—2009
overload.
Insertion lossInsertionloss
The loss caused by inserting an SPD in the transmission system. It is the ratio of the power delivered to the subsequent system part before the SPD is inserted to the power delivered to the same part after the SPD is inserted. Insertion loss is usually expressed in decibels (dB). [GB/T14733.2—1993 06-07, modified]. 3.43
Return lossreturnloss||tt ||The modulus of the reciprocal of the reflection coefficient. Usually expressed in decibels (dB). 3.44
Bit error rate biterrorratio;BER
The ratio of the number of bit errors to the total number of codes transmitted in a given time. 3.45
Balanced/unbalanced converter balun
A transformer used for impedance matching from balanced to unbalanced. [GB/T18015]
2667 2.1.147
S-parameters S-parameters
Quantities that describe device or system parameters in a network analyzer. S parameters are absolute quantities. For a two-port device: Si = input lobe reflection coefficient (output matching) S22 = output end output coefficient (input matching) S2 = forward transmission coefficient (gain/loss) S12 = reverse transmission coefficient ( Isolation)
Test method for surge protector of low voltage power distribution system 4
4.1 Preferred value of SPD
4.1.1 Preferred value of impulse current Imp for level I test Peak value Imk/kA.0, 215, 10, 12.5 and 20. Charge quantity Q/As: 0.5425, 5, 6.25 and 1Q. 4.1.2 Preferred value of nominal discharge current I for level II test Values ​​I./kA: 0.05, 0.1, 0.256.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.02.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10, 16, 20, 40/ and 60. 4.1.3 Nominal discharge voltage U. for level III test. Preferred values ​​U./kV: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.4, 5, 6, 10 and 20. 4.1.4 Preferred values ​​U./k for voltage protection level U. V: 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15, 0.22, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10. 4.1.5 The preferred value of the maximum continuous working voltage U. of AC effective value or DC is U./V: 52, 63, 75, 95, 110, 130, 150, 175, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 275, 280, 320, 385, 420, 440, 460, 510, 530, 600, 630, 690, 800, 900, 1000 and 1500. 4.2 General requirements
Each test item is carried out with three samples. If all samples pass the test item, then the SPD is qualified for this item. If one sample fails the test item, the test should be repeated with three new samples. If it fails, the product is judged to be non-compliant with the requirements of this standard.
QX/T108—2009
If the SPD is an independent component of a product and the product complies with other national standards, the requirements of the national standards apply to those parts of the product that are not part of the SPD. 4.2.1 General test procedure
The test procedure shall be in accordance with GB/T17627.1-1998. The SPD shall be installed according to the installation procedure and electrical connections provided by the manufacturer. No external cooling or heating shall be used. Unless otherwise specified, all tests shall be carried out in an atmospheric environment with an ambient temperature of 20°C ± 15°C. Unless otherwise specified, the power supply voltage U required in all tests shall have a test voltage tolerance of U. -3%. For SPDs that are supplied as a whole cable, the entire length of the cable shall be treated as a part of the tested SPD during the test. The sample under test shall not be maintained or disassembled during the test. If the manufacturer has requirements for the parameters of the SPD that are different from those specified, all relevant test procedures may be carried out according to its specific requirements. The specific deviation from the overall standard shall be noted in the test report. 4.2.2 Impact test waveform
4.2.2.1I level impulse current test
The impulse test current I is determined by its peak value Ik, charge amount Q and specific energy W/R. The impulse test current I should be reached within 50μs, the charge amount Q transfer should be completed within 10ms, and the specific energy W/R should be released within 10ms. The relationship between Ip (kA), Q (A) and W/R (kJ/Q) is: G
Current peak value I
Ipeak :
Q=I×a where a=5×10-*s
W/RIk×6 where =2.5×10-s
, the allowable error of charge Q and specific energy W/R is: ±1
W/R: ±3
Note: One of the possible methods for the impulse test is the 10/350 waveform in IEC61312-1. 4.2.2.2 Standard current waveform for Class I and Class II nominal discharge current tests is 8/20us. The allowable error of the current waveform is as follows: Peak value:
Front time: 20%
Half peak time: 20%
Small overshoot or oscillation is allowed on the impulse wave during the test, but its amplitude should not be greater than 5% of the peak value. : After the current drops to zero, the current value of any polarity reversal should not be greater than 20% of the peak value. The current flowing through the SPD The measurement accuracy requirement of the current is mainly 3%. 4.2.2.3 The standard voltage waveform for level I and level II impulse voltage tests is 1.2/50μs. The allowable error of the voltage waveform is as follows: Peak value:
Wavefront time:
Half peak time: 20%
Oscillation or overshoot may occur at the peak of the impulse voltage. If the frequency of the oscillation is greater than 500kHz or the duration of the overshoot is less than 1us, an average curve should be drawn. From the measurement requirements, the maximum amplitude of the curve determines the peak value of the test voltage. The amplitude of the rising part of the impulse voltage is not allowed to exceed 3% of the peak value. The accuracy of measuring the voltage at the SPD terminal should be 3%. The entire bandwidth of the measuring equipment should be at least 25MHz, and the overshoot should be less than 3%. The short-circuit current of the test generator should be less than 20% of the nominal discharge current I. However, for voltage switching type SPDs, it should be ensured that they are turned on during the test.
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