专题45.细节理解题——定位信息巧比对（教师版）---2023届高三英语总复习（通用版）

细节理解题――定位信息巧比对?目标导航细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案因此,对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心细节理解题常见的考查题型有直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题

一、题型特点要知晓

（一）细节理解题常见设问方式

1.特殊疑问句形式以when,where,what,which,who,how much/many等疑问词引出的问题

2.判断是非形式含有TRUE/FALSE,NOTtme或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not,never等

3.以“According to…”开头的提问形式

4.填空形式如The biggestchallenge formost mothersis from.

（二）细节理解题正确选项特征指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换如把lose ones job换成了be outof worko有同义替换些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换信息归纳用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项原文原词利用原文原词作为正确选项

（三）细节理解题干扰选项特征张冠李戴是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容无中生有符合常识，但不是文章的内容曲解文意与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个名田节处有些变动颠倒是非在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反正误参半部分正确，部分错误随堂练习2021年高考全国甲卷A ATake aview,the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the YearAward,was theidea ofCharlie Waite,one oftodays mostrespected landscapephotographers.Each year,the highstandard ofentries hasshown that the Awardsare theperfect platformto showcasethe verybest photographyof theBritish landscape.Take aview is a desirableannual competitionfor photographersfrom allcomers of the UKand beyond.It was an extremelycold wintersevening andfreezing fbghung in the air.I climbedto thetop of a smallrise andrealised that the mistwas littlemore thana fewfeet deep,and thoughMike Shepherd

（2011）it wasonly ashort climb,I foundmyself completelyabove itand lookingat awonderfully Skiddawin Winterclear viewof Skiddawwith thesum settingin thewest.I usedclassical techniques,translated Cumbria,England frommy collegedays spentin thedarkroom intoPhotoshop,to achievethe black―and―white image（图像）.I wasback in my home town ofMacclesfield to take somewinter images.Walking upa Timothy Smith

（2014）path throughthe foresttowards Shutlingsloe.a localhigh point,I cameacross asmall clearingMacclesfield Forestand immediatelynoticed thedead yellowgrasses setagainst thefresh snow.The smallpine Cheshire,England addedto theinterest and I placedit centrallytotakethe viewfrom theforeground rightthrough into the forest.

1.Who wouldmost probablyenter forTake aview A.Writers.B.Photographers.C.Painters.D.Tourists.

2.What dothe worksby Shepherdand Smithhave in common A.They arewinter images.B.They arein blackand white.C.They showmountainous scenes.D.They focuson snow-covered forests.

3.Where canthe textbe foundA.In ahistory book.B.In anovel.C.In anart magazine.D.In abiography.【分析】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take aview以及获奖的相关情况1B【解析】细节理解题根据第――段“Take aview,the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the YearAward,was theidea ofCharlie Waite,one oftoday*s mostrespected landscapephotographers.（Take aview,年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take aview故选B2A【解析】细节理解题根据Mike Shepherd部分“It wasan extremelycold wintersevening andfreezing foghung in the air.（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和TimothySmith部分“I wasback inmy home town ofMacclesfield totake somewinter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象故选A3C【解析】推理判断题根据第一段Each year,the highstandard ofentries hasshown that the Awardsare theperfect platformto showcasethe verybest photographyof theBritish landscape.Take aview is a desirableannual competitionfor photographersfrom allcomers of the UKand beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take aview是一项令人向往的年度竞赛）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take aview以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上故选C BPort Lympne Reserve,which runsa breeding（繁育）programme,has welcomedthe arrivalof arare black rhino calf（犀牛幼崽）.When thetiny creaturearrived on January31,she becamethe40th blackrhino to be born at the reserve.And officialsat Port Lympne weredelighted with the newarrival,especially asblack rhinos are knownfor beingdifficult tobreed incaptivity（圈养）.Paul Beer,head ofrhino sectionat Port Lympne,said:Obviously were all absolutelydelighted towelcome anothercalf toour blackrhino family.She*s healthy,strong and already eagerto playand explore.Her mother,Solio,is afirst-time mumand sheis doinga fantasticjob.Its stilla littletoo coldfor themto goout into the open,but assoon asthe weatherwarms up,I haveno doubtthat thelittle onewill beout andabout exploringand playingevery day.”The adorablefemale calfis thesecond blackrhino bornthis yearat the reserve,but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates tobe returned to protected areas of the wild.The firstrhino tobe bomat PortLympne arrived on January5to first-time motherKisima andweighed about32kg.His mother,grandmother andgreat grandmotherwere allborn at the reserveand stilllive there.According to the WorldWildlife Fund,the globalblackrhinopopulation hasdropped aslow as5500,giving therhinosacritically endangered^status.

4.Which of the followingbest describesthe breedingprogramme A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.

5.What doesPaul Beersay about the new-born rhinoA.She lovesstaying withher mother.B.She dislikesoutdoor activities.C.She isin goodcondition D.She issensitive toheat.

6.What similarexperience doSolio andKisima haveA.They hadtheir firstborn inJanuary.B.They enjoyedexploring newplaces C.They livedwith theirgrandmothers.D.They werebrought to thereserveyoung

7.What can be inferredabout PornLympneReserveA.The rhinosection willbe opentothepublic.B.It aimsto controlthe numberof theanimals.C.It willcontinue towork withthe WorldWildlife Fund.D.Some ofits rhinosmay besent tothe protectedwild areas.【分析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状4D【解析】推理判断题通过文章第一段“she becamethe40th blackrhino tobe bomatthereserve（她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛）”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother,grandmother andgreat grandmotherwereallbornatthereserveand stilllive there.（他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里广可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的故选D项5C【解析】细节理解题通过文章第二段Shs healthy,strong andalready eagerto playand explore.（她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了）“可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好故选C项6A【解析】细节理解题通过文章第一段“When thetinv creaturearrivedonJanuary31,she becamethe40th blackrhino tobe bornatthereserve.（131日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时,她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛）”以及文章倒数第二段“The firstrhino tobe bornat PortLympne arrivedonJanuary5to first-time motherKisima andweighed about32kg.（1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne,体重约为32公斤）”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的故选A项7D【解析】推理判断题通过文章倒数第二段“itis tooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasof thewild（要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早广可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区故选D项2021年高考全国乙卷A TheBiggest Stadiumsin the World Peoplehave beenpouring intostadiums sincethe daysof ancientGreece.In around80A.D.,the Romansbuilt theColosseum,which remainsthe worldsbest knownstadium andcontinues toinform contemporarydesign.Romes Colosseumwas157feet talland had80entrances,seating50,000people.However,that wassmall frycompared withthe citysCircus Maximus,which accommodatedaround250,000people.These days,safety regulations-not tomention themodern sportsfhns desirefor agood viewand comfortableseat-tend tokeep stadiumcapacities（容量）slightly lower.Even soccerfans tendto havea seateach;gone arethe daysof thousandsstanding towatch thematch.For thebiggest stadiumsin the world,we haveused datasupplied bytheWorldAtlas listso far,which ranksthem bytheir statedpermanent capacity,as wellas updatedinformation fromofficial stadiumwebsites.All thesestadiums arestill funtional,still openand stillhosting thebiggest eventsin worldsport.Rungrado1st ofMay Stadium,Pyongyang D.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,

000.Opened:May1,

1989.?Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,

601.Opened:October1,

1927.?Beaver Stadium,State College,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,

572.Opened:September17,

1960.-Ohio Stadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,

944.Opened:October7,

1922.-Kyle Field,College Station,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,

512.Opened:September24,

1927.

21.How manypeople couldthe Circus Maximus holdA.104,

944.B.107,

601.C.About150,

000.D.About250,

000.

22.Of the following stadiums,which is the oldestA.Michigan Stadium.B.Beaver Stadium.Field.C.Ohio Stadium.D.Kyle

23.What dothe listedstadiums haveincommonA.They hostbig games.C.They werebuilt byAmericans.B.They havebecome touristattractions.【分析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了世界上著名D.They arefavored byarchitects.的大型竞技场的基本情况目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事21D【解析】细节理解题根据第一段最后一句However,that wassmall frycompared withthe citysCircus Maximus,which accommodatedaround250,000people.（然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫）可知，CircusMaximus的可以容纳250,000人故选D项22c【解析】细节理解题根据文章最后部分中“Ohio Stadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,

944.Opened October7,

1922.”（美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数104,944人1922年10月7日开业）及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的故选C项23A【解析】细节理解题根据文中“All thesestadiums arestill functional,still openand stillhosting thebiggest eventsin worldsport”（所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事）可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事故选A项2021年全国高考新高考I卷A Rome canbe pricey for travelers,which iswhy manychoose to stay in a hostel（旅社）.The hostelsin Romeoffer abed in a dormroom for around$25a night,and forthat,youll oftenget to stay in a centrallocation（位置）with securityand comfort.Yellow Hostel If Ihad to make justone recommendationfor wheretostay in Rome,it wouldbe Yellow Hostel.Its one of the best-rated hostelsin the city,and for good reason.It9s affordable,and itsgot afiin atmospherewithout beingtoo noisy.As anadded bonus,its closetothemain trainstation.Hostel AlessandioPalace If you love social hostels,this is the besthostel foryou inRome.Hostel AlessandroPalace isfun.Staff membershold plenty of barevents forguests likefree shots,bar crawlsand karaoke.Theres alsoan areaon the rooftop fbrhanging outwith othertravelers duringthe summer.Youth StationHostelIf youre lookingfbr cleanlinessandamodern hostel,look nofurther thanYouth Station.It offersbeautiful furnishingsand beds.There areplentyofother benefits,too;it doesntcharge citytax;it hasboth airconditioning anda heaterfor therooms;it alsohas freeWi-Fi inevery room.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes Hotel and Hostel Des Artistesis locatedjust a10-minute walkfrom thecentral citystation and its closeto allof the citys mainattractions.The staffis friendlyand helpful,providing youwith amap ofthecitywhen youarrive,and offeringadvice if you requiresome.However,you need to pay2euros aday for Wi-Fi.

21.What isprobably themajor concernof travelerswho choose tostay ina hostel A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.

22.Which hotelbest suitspeople whoenjoy anactive sociallife A.YellowHostel.B.Hostel AlessandroPalace.C.Youth StationHostel.D.Hotel andHostelDes Artistes.

23.What is the disadvantageof Hotel andHostel DesArtistesA.It getsnoisy atnight.B.Its staffis tootalkative.C.It chargesforWi-Fi.D?Its inconvenientlylocated.【分析】本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆21c【解析】细节理解题通过文章第一段“Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,which iswhy manychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.”（对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因）可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格故选Co22B【解析】细节理解题根据Hostel AlessandroPalace部分“If youlovesocialhostels,this isthe besthostel foryou inRome.^^（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hostel AlessandroPalace是罗马最适合你的旅馆故选B23C【解析】细节理解题根据HotelandHostelDesArtistes部分“However,you needto pay2euros aday forWi-Fi.（但是,你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）可知HotelandHostelDesArtistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费故选C BBy day,Robert Tittertonis alawyer.In hisspare on stage besidepianist MariaRaspopova―not asa musicianbut asher page turner.Tm nota trainedmusician,but Fve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.Mr Tittertonis chairmanoftheOmega Ensemblebut has been thegroups officialpage turnerfor thepast fouryears.His jobistosit besidethe pianistand turnthe pagesofthescore sothe musiciandoesnt have to breakthe flowof soundby doingit themselves.He saidhe becamejust asnervous asthose playinginstruments on stage.“A lotof skillsare neededfor thejob.You have to makesure youdont turntwo pagesat onceand makesure youfind therepeats in the musicwhen youhave togo backtotheright spot.Mr Tittertonexplained.Being a page turnerrequires plentyof practice.Some piecesof musiccan gofor40minutes andrequire upto50page turns,including backturns forrepeat passages.Silent onstagecommunication iskey,and eachpianist hastheir ownstyle ofnodding to indicate apageturn which they needto practise with their page turner.But like all performances,there aremoments whenthings gowrong.I wasturning thepage toget readyfor thenext page,but thedraft windfrom theturn causedthe sparepages tofall offthe standJ MrTitterton said,“Luckily Iwas able to catchthem andput themback.”Most page turners arepiano studentsor up-and-coming concertpianists,although Ms Raspopova hasonce askedher husbandto helpher outonstage.“My husbandistheworst page turner」she laughed.Hes interestedin the music,feeling everynote,and Ihave tosay:Turn,turn!9Robert isthebestpageturnerFve hadinmyentire life.”

24.What shouldTitterton be ableto do tobeapageturnerA.Read music.B.Play thepiano.C.Sing songs.D.Fix theinstruments.

25.Which ofthe followingbest describesTitterton,sjobonstageA.Boring.B.Well-paid.C.Demanding.D.Dangerous.

26.What doesTitterton needto practiseA.Counting thepages.B.Recognizing thenodding”.C.Catching fallingobjects.D.Performing inhis ownstyle.

27.Why isMs Raspopovashusband theworse pageturner”A.He hasvery pooreyesight.B.He ignoresthe audience.C.He hasno interestin music.D.He forgetstodohis job.【分析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况24A【解析】细节理解题根据第一段“Fm nota trainedmusician,but「velearntto readmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance4我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她广可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页故选A项25C【解析】推理判断题根据第三段“A lotof skillsare neededfor thejob.You havetomakesure youdont turntwo pagesat onceand makesure youfind therepeats in themusicwhen youhavetogo backtotheright spot.（这项工作需要很多技能你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分厂可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的故选C项26B【解析】细节理解题根据第四段“Silent onstagecommunication iskey,and eachpianist hastheir ownstyle of“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.（无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习）”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页故选B项27D【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段“He，s interestedin themusic,feeling everynote,and Ihavetosay:叮urn,turn!，（他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说“翻页，翻页！”户可知，MsRaspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒故选D项

二、方法技巧要用好直接信息题在解答直接信息题时，考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼先从题干中提取关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案解题流程图如下细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先第一步通过题干信息来选择定位关键词关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息依据题干信息，选择定位关键词确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案第二步展场不赢百湎面王定位信息进行比对［例1］I foundthe pre-holidays agood timeto encourageyoung childrento donateless-used things,anditworked.Because ofour efforts,our daughterGeorgia diddecide todonate alarge bagof toysto a little girlwhose motherwas unableto payfor herholiday dueto illness.She choseto sella fewlarger objectsthat wereless oftenused whenwe promised to put the money into her school fund基金our kindergartendaughter isserious aboutbecoming adoctor.

33.What madeGeorgia agreeto sellsome ofher objectsA.Saving upfor herholiday.B?Raising moneyforapoor girl.C.Adding themoney toher fund.D.Giving themoney to a sickmother.［解题示范］第一步定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词Georgia,sell,objects定位用Georgia,sell,objects寻读，在文中找到信息源-------She choseto sella fewlarger objectsthat wereless oftenused whenwe锁信息promisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund（基金）（our kindergartendaughter isserious aboutbecoming adoctor）.第二步比对定答案选项选项意思定位A为她的假期储蓄曲解文意B为一个贫困女孩募捐曲解文意C把钱放入她的基金同义替换D把钱送给一个生病的妈妈无中生有［分析］选C比对选项和信息句可知，女儿愿意卖几件玩具，是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金；选项和原文中均出现fund一词，故为直接细节理解题故选C（2022?全国甲卷阅读A节选）Theatres andEntertainment St Davids HallSt Davids Hall isthe awardwinning NationalConcert Hallof Walesstanding atthe veryheart ofCardiffs entertainmentcentre.With animpressive2,000-seat concerthall,St DavidsHall ishometothe annualWelsh Proms Cardiff.It presentslive entertainment,including pop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,world music,films andclassical music.The Hayes,Cardiff CF101AH www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

21.Where isthe Welsh PromsCardiffhosted A.At the New Theatre.B.At theGlee Club.C.At ShermanCymru.D.At St DavidsHall.D【解析】细节理解题根据文章“StDavid、Hall”部分中的“St DavicTsHall ishometothe annualWelsh PromsCardiff（St DavidsHall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地户可知,Cardiff的WelshProms活动在StDavidsHall举办故选Do间接信息题间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进步的加工或整理［例2］Of thecommon berries,strawberries arehighest invitamin C,although,because oftheir seeds,raspberries containalittlemore protein（蛋白质），iron andzinc（not thatfruits havemuch protein）.Blueberries areparticularly high in antioxidants（抗氧化物质）.The yellowand orangestone fruitssuch aspeaches arehigh in the carotenoidswe turninto vitamin A andwhich areantioxidants.As forcherries（樱桃），they are so delicious who cares However,they arerich invitamin C.

24.What doesthe authorseem tolike aboutcherries A.They containprotein.B,They arehighinvitaminA.C.They havea pleasanttaste.D.They arerich inantioxidants.［解题示范］第一步定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词cherries定位:用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源-----As forcherries（樱桃）,they锁信息areso deliciouswho caresHowever,they arerich invitamin C.第二步比对定答案选项选项意思定位A它们含有蛋白质张冠李戴B它们富含维生素A张冠李戴C它们口感好同义替换D它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质张冠李戴［分析］选C根据该段最后一句As forcherries（樱桃）,they areso deliciouswhocaresHowever,they arerich invitamin C.”可知，原文中的they aresodelicious被替换成选项中的They havea pleasanttaste＞为间接细节理解题故选Co（2022?全国甲卷阅读A节选）The Glee Club Everyweekend thisis“Wales“premier comedyclub wherehaving agreat timeistheorder fbrboth audiencesand comedy stars alike.It ishard toname acomedystarwho hasntbeen onthe stagehere.Ifyouare lookingfor thebest comedieson tourand brilliantlive music,you shouldstart here.Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF105BZ www.glee.co.uk/cardiff

22.What canpeople doattheGleeClubA.Watch musicals.B.Enjoy comedies.C.See familyshows.D.Do creativethings.B【解析】细节理解题根据文章“The GleeClub”部分中的“Ifyouare lookingfor thebest comedieson tourand brilliantlive music,you shouldstart here如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始户可知，人们可以在The GleeClub享受喜剧故选Bo New Theatre The New Theatre hasbeen the home of quality drama,musicals,dance andchildrens showsfor morethan100years.Presenting thebest ofthe WestEnd alongwiththepick ofthe UKstouring shows,theNew Theatre isCardiffs oldestsurviving traditionaltheatre.Be sureto paya visitas partof yourstayin thecity.Park Place,Cardiff CF103LN www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk

23.Which websitecan youvisit tolearn aboutCardiffs oldestsurviving theatreA.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B.www.shermancymru.co.uk C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk A【解析】细节理解题根据文章“NewTheatre”部分中的TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicians,dance andchildrens showsfbr morethan100years100多年来，NewTheatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地广以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院故选A概括细节理解题概括、归纳信息是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案[例3]At present,the worldhas about6,800languages.The distributionof theselanguages ishugely uneven.The generalrule isthat mildzones haverelatively fewlanguages,often spoken by manypeople,while hot,wet zoneshave lots,often spoken by smallnumbers.Europe hasonly around200languages;the Americasabout1,000;Africa2,400;and Asiaand thePacific perhaps3,200,of whichPapua NewGuinea aloneaccounts forwell over

800.The mediannumber（中位数）of speakers is a mere6,000,which meansthat halfthe worldslanguages arespoken byfewer peoplethan that.???

30.How manylanguages arespoken byless than6,000people atpresent A.About6,

800.B.About3,

400.C.About2,

400.D.About1,

200.［解题示范］第一步定信息区间抓关键题干中的关键词6,000定位用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源------The mediannumber仲位数）of锁信息speakersisamere6,000,which meansthat halfthe worldslanguages arespokenbyfewer peoplethan that.第二步比对定答案选项选项意思原文意思定位A大约6800种6800为现在世界现存语言数量张冠李戴B大约3400种世界语言总量的一半即为3400o信息归纳C大约2400种2400为非洲语言数量张冠李戴数字1200在原文中没有出现,也无法做出D大约1200种无中生有有效归纳［分析］选B根据本段第一句At present,the worldhas about6,800languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6800种语言；再根据最后一句The mediannumber（中位数）of speakersisamere6,000,which meansthat halfthe worldslanguages arespokenbyfewer peoplethan that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6000,也就是说有大约3400种语言的使用人数少于6000o根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为止确选项（2022?全国甲卷阅读B节选）Goffins cockatoos,a kindof smallparrot nativeto Australasia,have beenshown tohave similarshape-recognition abilitiestoahuman two-year-old.Though notknown touse toolsin thewild,the birdshave provedskilful attool usewhile keptin thecage.In arecent experiment,cockatoos werepresented with a boxwith anut insideit.The clearfront ofthe boxhad a“keyhole“inageometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shapedkeys tochoose from.Inserting the correct keywould let outthe nut.

24.How didthe cockatoosget thenut fromthe boxin theexperiment A.By followinginstructions.B.By usinga tool.C.By turningthe boxaround.D.By removingthe lid.B【解析】细节理解题根据文章第一段“Though notknown touse toolsinthewild,the birdshave provedskilful attool usewhile keptinthecage.（虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具）”以及“thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys tochoose from.Inserting,thecorrectkeys wouldletoutthenut.（研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来广可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的故选B正误判断题正误判断题是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目，说其繁琐，因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段，而是分散在文章的各个角落对于这类题目，考生要静下心来，看清范围，确定方向，找到每一个选项的对应信息后，谨慎排除，综合选优[例4]Food festivalsaround theworld StiltonCheese RollingMay Dayisatraditional dayfor celebrations,but the2,000English villagersof Stiltonmust bethe onlypeople intheworldwho includecheese rollingin theirannual plans.Teams offour,dressed ina varietyof strangeand funnyclothes,roll a complete cheesealong a50-metre course.On theway,they mustnot kickor throwtheir cheese,orgointo theircompetitors lane（赛道）.Competition isfierce and the chiefprize isa completeStilton cheeseweighing aboutfour kilos（disappointingly,but understandablythe cheesesused inthe raceare woodenones）.All thecompetitors areserved withbeer orport wine,the traditionalaccompaniment forStilton cheese.Fiery FoodsFestival一The HottestFestival onEarth Everyyear morethan10,000people headfor thecity ofAlbuquerque,New Mexico.They comefrom asfar awayas Australia,the Caribbeanand China,but theyall sharea commonaddiction―food thatis notjust spicy（辛辣），but hotenough tomake yourmouth burn,your headspin andyour eyeswater.Their destinationisthe Fiery Food and BBQ Festival whichis heldover aperiod ofthree daysevery March.You mightlike totry achocolate-covered habaneropepper一officially thehottest pepperintheworld一or anyoneofthe thousandsof productsthat are on show.But onethings forsure――ifyoudont likethe feelingofaburning tongue,this festivalisnt foryou!La Tomatina-The WorldsBiggest FoodFight Onthe lastWednesday ofevery August,the Spanishtown ofBunol hostsLa Tomatina―the worlds largest foodfight.A week-long celebrationleads upto anexciting tomato battle asthe highlightoftheweeks events.The earlymorning seesthe arrivalof largetrucks withtomatoes―official fight-starters getthings goingby castingtomatoes atthe crowd.???

59.Which ofthefollowingis TRUEaccording tothe passageA.The chiefprize forthe Stiltoncheese rollingcompetition isbeer orport wine.B-More than10,000Chinese takepart inthe Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods areon show intheFiery Foodand BBQFestival.D.An exciting tomatobattle takes place atthe beginning ofLa Tomatina.［解题示范］第一步定信息区间选项选项关键词信息区间The chiefprize forthe Stiltoncheese rollingcompetition A第一段第四句B Morethan10,000Chinese第二段第

一、二句C Thousandsofspicyfoodsareonshow第二段倒数第二句D Anexcitingtomatobattletakesplaceatthebeginning第三段第二句第二步逐一比对定答案选项选项意思原文意思定位Stilton滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤A奖品是acompleteStilton cheeseo张冠李戴酒或波尔图葡萄酒一万多名中国人参加FieryFoodB参加者来自世界各地曲解文意andBBQFestival o在FieryFoodandBBQFestival上，C展出了成千上万种食物同义替换成千上万种辛辣食物被展出在La Tomatina节日的开始，会举行“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾，而D曲解文息一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”不是节日的开始［答案］C命题方式练请选择以下设误方式（张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半）或正确选项特征（原文原词、同义替换、信息归纳、正话反说）填入下表的“诊断”一栏中

1.（原文节选）Shortly afterthe war,my brotherandIwere invitedto spenda fewdays withan unclewho hadjust returnedfrom abroad.He hadrented acottage inthe country,although herarely spentmuch timethere.We understoodthe reasonfor thisafter ourarrival:the cottagehad nocomfortable furniturein it,many ofthe windowswere brokenandtheroof leaked,making thewhole housedamp.Why didthe uncleseldom spendmuch timeinthecountry cottage选项诊断A Becausetheroofofthe cottage wasfalling.曲解文意B Becausethecottagewas inbad condition.信息归纳C Becausehe wasused toliving abroad.曲解文意D Becausethere wasno furniturein it.颠倒是非

2.（原文节选）In betweenrunning oneoftheworldslargestcharitable agenciesand actingas Microsoftstechnology advisor,Bill Gatesmanages tofind timetoreadbooks,both longand short.Now Gates-who hasbeen labeleda“greedy“reader-has releaseda listof hisfavorite books.All ofthe booksare standoutreads,according tothe billionaire,most ofwhich arefocused onbusiness and economy.The booksmentioned inthe textare allabout.选项诊断A charityintheworld张冠李戴B businessandeconomy原文原词C povertyintheworld无中生有D BillGates1life experiences无中生有

3.（原文节选）The hutwas warmand quitecomfortable inside.There wasa stove,and somebread andbeer ona shelf.On eachside ofthe hutwasaround holelikeawindow,which couldbe closedwithapiece ofwood.These airholes wereusually keptopen whenthe stovewas burning,because toomuch smokeinasmall,airless hutcould killthe shepherd.The functionoftheround holeswas.选项诊断A tolet thesunshine in无中生有一B towarm thehut曲解文意C tokeep thesmoke out曲解文意―D toair thehut信息归纳。

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