2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--练高考--心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

5.主旨要义之文章大意一练高考一心中有数

1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇As GinniBazlinton reachedAntarctica,she foundherself greetedby agroup oflittle Gentoopenguins（企鹅）longing tosay hello.These gentle,lovely gatekeeperswelcomed herand kick-started whatwas to be atrip Ginniwould neverforget.Ever sinceher childhood,Ginni,now71,has had a deeplove fortravel.Throughout hercareer（职业）as aprofessional dancer,she touredin theUK,but alwayslonged toexplore further.When sheretired fromdancing andher sonseventually flewthe nest,she decidedit wastime totake theplunge.After takinga degreeat ChichesterUniversity inRelated Arts,Ginni beganto travelthe world,eventually gettingwork teachingEnglish inJapan andChile.And it was inChile shediscovered shecould getlast-minute cheapdeals onships goingto Antarcticafrom theislands offTierra delFuego,the southernmosttip of the SouthAmerican mainland.I justdecided Iwanted to go Jshe says.I hadno ideaabout whatId find there andI wasntnervous,I justwanted to do it.And Iwanted to do italone as I alwaysprefer itthat way.”In March2008,Ginni boardeda shipwith48passengers shednever metbefore,to begin the journeytowards Antarctica.From seeingthe wildlife to witnessingsunrises,the wholeexperience was amazing.Antarctica leftan impressionon me that noother placehas,“Ginni says.“I rememberthe firsttime Isaw ahumpback whale;it justrose out of thewater likesome prehistoriccreature andI thoughtit wassmiling atus.You couldstill hearthe operaticsounds itwas makingunderwater.The realizationthat thisis a precious land,to berespected byhumans,was one of thebiggest thingsthat hithome toGinni.

28.Which of the followingbest explainstake theplunge“underlined in paragraph2A.Try challengingthings.B.Take adegree.C.Bring backlost memories.D.Stick to a promise.

29.What madeGinni decideon thetrip to Antarctica A.Lovely penguins.B.Beautiful scenery.C.A discountfare.D.A friendsinvitation.

30.What doesGinni thinkabout Antarcticaafter thejourney A.It could be ahome forher.B.It should be easilyaccessible.C It shouldbewell preserved.D.It needsto befully introduced.

31.What isthe textmainly about A.A childhooddream.B.An unforgettableexperience.C.Sailing aroundthe world.D.Meeting animalsin Antarctica.【答案】

28.A

29.C

30.C

31.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程

28.A词句猜测题根据第二段戈ij线词前文“Throughout hercareer（职业）as aprofessional dancer,she touredin

6.2018年全国I卷之C篇Languages havebeen coming and goingfor thousandsof years,but inrecent timesthere hasbeen lesscoming anda lotmore going.When the world wasstill populatedby hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit联系groups developedtheir ownpatterns ofspeech independentof each other.Some languageexperts believethat10,000years ago,when the world hadjust fiveto tenmillion people,they spokeperhaps12,000languages betweenthem.Soon afterwards,many ofthose peoplestarted settlingdown to become farmers,and theirlanguages toobecame moresettled andfewer innumber.In recentcenturies,trade,industrialization,the developmentof thenation-state and the spreadof universalcompulsory education,especially globalisationand bettercommunications in the pastfew decades,all havecaused manylanguages todisappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish andChinese areincreasingly takingover.At present,theworldhas about6,800languages.The distributionof theselanguages ishugely uneven.The generalrule is that mildzones haverelatively fewlanguages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zoneshave lots,often spoken by smallnumbers.Europe hasonly around200languages;the Americasabout1,000;Africa2400;and Asiaand thePacific perhaps3,200,of whichPapua NewGuinea aloneaccounts forwell over

800.The mediannumber中位数of speakersis amere6,000,which meansthat halfthe worldslanguages arespoken byfewer peoplethan that.Already wellover400of thetotal of,6,800languages areclose toextinction消亡，with onlya fewelderly speakersleft.Pick,at random,Busuu inCameroon eightremaining speakers,Chiapaneco inMexico150,Lipan Apachein theUnited Statestwoor threeorWadjigu inAustralia one,with aquestion-mark:none of these seemsto havemuch chanceof survival.

28.What canwe inferabout languagesin hunter-gatherer timesA.They developedvery fast.B.They werelarge innumber.C.They hadsimilar patterns.D.They wereclosely connected.

29.Which of the followingbest explainsdominant underlinedinparagraph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.

30.How manylanguages arespokenbyless than6,000people atpresent A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,

20031.What isthe mainidea of the textA.New languageswill becreated.B.Peoples lifestylesare reflectedin languages.C.Human developmentresults infewer languages.D.Geography determineslanguage evolution.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因

28.B推理判断题根据文章第一段中的When theworld wasstill populatedby hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit联系groups developedtheir ownpatterns ofspeech independentof each other...when theworld hadjust fiveto tenmillion people,they spokeperhaps12,000languages betweenthem.可知,当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12000种由此推知，当时的语言种类很多故选B

29.C猜测词义题根据文章第二段中的dominant languagessuch asEnglish,Spanish andChinese areincreasingly takingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言由此推知dominantlanguages意为强有力的语言故选C

30.B细节理解题根据文章第三段中的At present,theworldhas about6,800languages.和The mediannumber（中位数）of speakersis amere6,000,which meansthat halfthe worldslanguages arespokenbyfewer peoplethan that.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即

3400.故选Bo

31.C主旨要义题根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages havebeen comingand goingfor thousandsof years,but inrecent timesthere hasbeen lesscominganda lotmore going.nJ知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多故选

7.2018年全国HI卷之B篇Cities usuallyhave agood reason for beingwhere they are,like anearby portor river.People settlein theseplaces becausethey areeasy toget to and naturallysuited tocommunications andtrade.New YorkCity,for example,is neara largeharbour at the mouthof theHudson River.Over300years itspopulation grewgradually from800people to8million.But not all citiesdevelop slowlyover along periodof time.Boom townsgrow fromnothing almostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmappedwilderness（荒野）.But goldwas discoveredthere in1897,and twoyears later,itwas one of the largestcities in the West,with apopulation of30,

000.Dawson did not have any of the naturalconveniences ofcities likeLondon orParis.People wentthere forgold.They travelledover snow-covered mountainsand sailedhundreds ofmiles upicy rivers.The pathto Dawson was coveredwith thirtyfeet ofwet snowthat couldfall withoutwarming.An avalanche（雪崩）once closedthe path,killing63people.For manywho madeit toDawson,however,the rewardswere worththe difficulttrip.Of the first20,000people whodug forgold,4,000got rich.About100of thesestayed richmen for the restof theirlives.But nomatter howrich they were,Dawsonwas never comfortable.Necessities likefood andwood werevery expensive.But soon,the goldthat Dawsondepended onhad allbeen found.The citywas crowdedwith disappointedpeople withno interest in settlingdown,and whenthey heardthere werenew golddiscoveries inAlaska,they leftDawson Cityas quicklyas theyhad come.Today,people stillcome andgo-to seewhere theCanadian goldrush happened.Tourism isnow thechief industryof Dawson City――its presentpopulation is

762.

24.What attractedthe earlysettlers toNew YorkCity A.Its businessculture.B.Its smallpopulation.C.Its geographicalposition.D.Its favourableclimate.

25.What dowe knowabout thosewho firstdug forgold inDawson A.Two-thirds of them stayedthere.B.One outof fivepeople got rich.C.Almost everyonegave up.D.Half of them died.

26.What wasthe mainreasonformany peopleto leaveDawson A.They foundthe citytoo crowded.B.They wantedto trytheir luckelsewhere.C.They wereunable tostand thewinter.D.They wereshort offood.

27.What isthe textmainly aboutA.The riseand fall of acity.B.The goldrush inCanada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism inDawson.【话题解读】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状

24.C细节理解题根据文章第一段中Cities usuallyhaveagood reasonfor beingwhere they are,like anearby portor river.People settlein theseplaces becausetheyareeasy toget toand naturallysuited tocommunications andtrade.New YorkCity,for example,is neara largeharbour at the mouthof theHudson River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确

25.B细节理解题根据文章第二段最后一句Of thefirst20,000people whodug forgold,4,000gotrich.About100of thesestayed richmen for the restof theirlives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确

26.B细节理解题根据文章最后一段中and whenthey heardthere werenew golddiscoveries inAlaska,they leftDawsonCityas quicklyas theyhad come.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会故B正确

27.A主旨大意题第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏故A正确

8.2018年江苏卷之D篇Children asyoung asten arebecoming dependenton social media for their sense of self-worth,a majorstudy warned.It foundmany youngsters（少年）now measuretheir statusby howmuch public approval theyget online,often throughlikes”.Some changetheir behaviourin reallifetoimprove theirimage on the web.The reportinto youngstersaged from8to12was carriedout byChildrens Commissioner（专员）Anne Longfield.She said social mediafirms wereexposing childrento majoremotional risks,with someyoungsters startingsecondary schoolill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some socialapps werepopular among the childreneven thoughthey supposedlyrequire usersto be at least

13.The youngstersadmitted planningtrips aroundpotential photo-opportunities and then messagingfriends一and friendsof friends―to demandlikes“for theironline posts.The reportfound that youngsters felttheir friendshipscouldbe at riskif theydid notrespond tosocial mediaposts quickly,and aroundthe clock.Children aged8to10were startingto feelhappy whenothers likedtheir posts.However,those in the10to12age groupwere concernedwith howmanypeoplelike their posts*suggesting a“need”for socialrecognition thatgets strongerthe olderthey become.Miss Longfieldwarned that a generationof childrenrisked growingup worriedabout theirappearance andimage asa resultof theunrealistic lifestylesthey followon platforms,and increasingly anxious aboutswitching offdue to the constantdemands of social media.She said:Children are using social media withfamily andfriends andto playgames whentheyarein primaryschool.But whatstarts asfun usageof appsturns intotremendouspressurein realsocial mediainteraction atsecondary school.H Astheir worldexpanded,she said,children compared themselves toothers onlinein away thatwas hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity,in termsof theirconfidence,but alsoin termsof their ability todevelop themselves

1.Miss Longfieldadded:H Thenthere isthis pushto connect-if yougo offline,will youmiss something,will youmiss out,will youshow thatyou dontcare aboutthose peopleyou arefollowing,allofthose cometogether in a hugeway atonce.”*For childrenit isvery,very difficultto cope with emotionally.n The Childrens Commissionerfor Englandsstudy―life inLikes―found that children asyoung as8were usingsocial mediaplatforms largelyfor play.However,the research-involving eightgroups of32children aged8to12-suggested that as theyheaded towardtheir teens,they became increasingly anxiousonline.By thetime theystarted secondary school一at age11―children werealready farmore awareof theirimage onlineand feltunder hugepressure toensure theirposts werepopular,the reportfound.However,they stilldidnotknow howtocopewith mean-spirited jokes,orthesenseofincompetence theymight feelif theycomparedthemselves to celebrities（名人）or morebrilliant friendsonline.The reportsaid theyalso facedpressure torespond tomessages atall hoursof theday-especially atsecondary schoolwhen more youngsters havemobile phones.TheChildrensCommissioner saidschools andparents mustnow domore toprepare childrenfortheemotional minefield（雷区）theyfaced online.And she saidsocial media companiesmust alson takemore responsibility1*.They shouldeither monitortheir websitesbetter sothatchildrendo notsign up too early,or theyshould adjusttheir websitesto theneeds ofyounger users.Javed Khan,of childrenscharity Bamardos,said:Its vitalthat newcompulsory age-appropriate relationshipand sexeducation lessonsin Englandshould helpequip childrento dealwith thegrowing demandsof social media.“Its alsohugely importantfor parentsto knowwhich appstheir childrenare using.^^

65.Why didsome secondaryschool studentsfeel toomuch pressureA.They werenot providedwith adequateequipment.B.They werenot wellprepared foremotional risks.C.They wererequired togive quickresponses.D.They wereprevented fromusing mobilephones.

66.Some socialapp companieswere toblame because.A.they didntadequately checktheir users*registration B.they organizedphoto tripsto attractmoreyoungstersC.they encouragedyoungsters topost morephotos D.they didntstop youngstersfrom stayingup late

67.Childrens comparingthemselves toothers onlinemay leadto.A.less friendlinessto eachother B.lower self-identity andconfidence C.an increasein onlinecheating D.a strongerdesire tostay online

68.According toLife inLikes,as childrengrew,they becamemore anxiousto.A.circulate theirposts quicklyB.know thequalities of theirpostsC.use mobilephones forplay D.get morepublicapproval

69.What shouldparents doto solvethe problemA.Communicate morewith secondaryschools.B.Urge mediacompanies tocreate saferapps.C.Keep trackof childrensuse of socialmedia.D.Forbid their children fromvisiting theweb.

70.What does the passagemainly talk aboutA.The influenceofsocialmedia onchildren.B.The importanceofsocialmedia tochildren.C.The problemin buildinga healthyrelationship.D.The measureto reducerisks fromsocialmedia.【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍了社交媒体socialmedia使得8-12岁的孩子面临很多压力，并分析了原因，提出了建议

65.B【解析】细节理解题根据文章第三段第二句话She saidsocialmediafirms wereexposing childrento majoremotional risks,with someyoungsters startingsecondaryschoolill-equipped tocopewith the tremendouspressure theyfacedonline.可知一些社会媒体公司使孩子们处于大的情感压力下，从而使孩子们感到巨大的压力，故B正确

66.A推理判断题根据文章第四段第一句话Some socialapps werepopular amongthe childreneven thoughthey supposedlyrequire usersto be at least

13.可知一些apps很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A

67.B细节理解题根据文章第九段children comparedthemselvestoothers onlinein away thatwasnhugelydamagingin termsof theirself-identity,in termsof theirconfidence,but alsointermsof theirability todevelop themselves”.可知孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力，故B正确

68.D推理判断题根据文章第12段However,the research一involving eightgroups of32children aged8to12-suggested thatas theyheaded towardtheir teens,they became increasinglyanxiousonline.可知随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By thetime theystarted secondaryschool一at age11一children werealready farmore awareof theirimage onlineand feltunder hugepressure toensure theirposts werepopular,the reportfound.可以推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可故选D

69.C细节理解题根据文章最后一段Its alsohugely importantfor parentsto knowwhich appstheir childrenareusing.可以推断出父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps,所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app的使用故选C

70.A主旨大意题根据文章第一段Children asyoung asten arebecoming dependenton socialmedia fortheir senseof self-worth,a majorstudy warned.可知本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍teens变得越来越依赖社交媒体再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，所以A正确

9.2020年天津卷之B篇“They tellmethatyoud liketo makea statue（塑像）of me-isthatcorrect,Miss Vinnie Ream”The deep,gentle voicehelped calmthe nervousgirl.Asking afavor of the Presidentof theUnited Stateswas nocasual matter,especially fora seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes,sir,she replied,her darkeyes meetinghis.I wouldnthave duoask you,but myteacher,Mr.Mills,says Iam ready.I planto makeit in an admirablemanner.President Lincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-theye alltried to make the best ofthis ordinaryface,but Imafraid theresnot muchhope.What didyou havein mind,Miss ReamA bust（半身像）”Before Vinniecould sayyes,the Presidenthurried on,a shadeof apologyin hisvoice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked.A full-length posewould bemuch toobig aproject fora youngwoman yoursize.”Vinnies faceturned red.She realizedshe lookedlike achild,with hertiny figure.Small doesnot meanweak,sir,she defendedherself.I wasbom in the countryof Wisconsin.Ive driventeams ofhorses andcarried water.Making a full-length clay（粘土）figure wouldnot exhaustmy strength-and thatis whatI intendtodo!”The Presidentseyes,brightened ather showof spirit.“Sorry,madam,I haveunderestimated youasI didnt knowyour background.”But hissmile fadedas herubbed hisbeard withbony fingers,in thought.Miss Ream,he sighed,Td liketo letyou doit,but asyou know,we areinthemiddle ofa war.How couldI possiblytake thetime topose fora sculpturenow Ihardly havea minuteto myself.”Vinnie glancedaround andnoted thesize of his office,“I workquickly,“she said.Her voicewas softbut confidentas shepointed to the cornernear thewindows.If Iwere tobring myclay hereand workfor threehours everyafternoon,I couldcomplete mostof the project whileyou are at yourdesk.”The Presidentseemed toconsider heridea seriously.He gotup andshook Vinnieshand warmly,Tve heardthatyou are atalented youngwoman,and Thave foundyou charmingand intelligentas well.T cannotmake mydecision immediately,but youwill hearfrom mesoon.”The verynext day,Vinnie receivedan invitationfrom thePresident.

41.What gaveVinnie confidenceto makeher requestof President Lincoln A.Her aggressivepersonality.B.Mr.Millss encouragingremark.C.President Lincolnsgentle voice.D.Her interestin achallenging job.

42.How didPresidentLincolnfirst respondto Vinniesrequest A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.

43.Vinnie confirmedher abilityto makeafull-length statueby highlighting.A.her experiencefrom otherprojects B.her innocentchildhood inthe countryC.the heavylabor shehad donebefore D.the skillshe pickedup inWisconsin

44.Vinnie wantedto choosethe cornernear thewindows to.A.achieve effectsof naturallighting B.keep allher toolswithin easyreach C.observe thePresident ata rightangle D.avoid disturbingthe presidentswork

45.What messagedoesthe story conveyA.A strong-willed soulcan reachhis goal.B.Experience helpsto promoteexcellence.C.Ups anddowns makeone strong.D.Devotion requiresenthusiasm.【答案】

41.B

42.D

43.C

44.D

45.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请

41.细节理解题根据第三段中的I wouldnthave daredto askyou,but myteacher,Mr.Mills,says Iam ready.I planto makeit in an admirablemanner.“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气故选B

42.推理判断题根据第五段中的“Of course-1shouldnthaveasked.A full-length posewould bemuch toobig aproject fora youngwoman yoursize.”可知，当然-我不应该问的对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑故选D

43.细节理解题根据第六段中的Tve driventeams ofhorses andcarried water.Making afull-length clayfigure wouldnot exhaustmy strength-and thisis whatI intendtodo!”可知,我赶过马队，提过水做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像故选C

44.推理判断题根据倒数第四段中的“Miss ReamJ hesighed,“Fd liketo letyou doit,but asyou know,we areinthemiddle ofa war.How couldI possiblytake thetime topose fora sculpturenow Ihardly havea minuteto myself.”可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像根据倒数第三段中的“Vinnie glancedaround andnoted thesize ofhis office.I workquickly,“shesaid.Her voicewas softbut confidentas shepointed to the cornernear thewindows.If Iwere tobring myclay hereand workfbr threehours everyafternoon,I couldcomplete mostoftheproject whileyou are at yourdesk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小“我干得很快，”她说她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作故选D o

45.推理判断题根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想故选A

10.2018年北京卷之A篇My FirstMarathon（马拉松）A monthbefore myfirst marathon,one ofmy ankleswas injuredand thismeant notrunning fortwo weeks,leaving meonly twoweeks to train.Yet,I wasdetermined to go ahead.I rememberback tomy7th yearin school.In myfirst P.E.class,the teacherrequired usto runlaps and then hita softball.I didntdo eitherwell.He laterinformed methat I was”not athletic.The ideathat I was”not athletic”stuck withme foryears.When Istarted runningin my30s,I realizedrunning wasa battleagainst myself,not aboutcompetition orwhether ornot Iwas athletic.It wasall about the battleagainst myown bodyand mind.A testof wills!The nightbefore mymarathon,I dreamtthat I couldnt evenfindthefinish line.I wokeup sweatingand nervous,but readyto provesomething tomyself.Shortly aftercrossing thestart line,my shoelaces（鞋带）became untied.So Istopped toreadjust.Not thestart Iwanted!At mile3,1passed a sign:GO FORIT,RUNNERS!”By mile17,I becameoutofbreath andthe onceinjured anklehurt badly.Despite thepain,I stayedthe coursewalking abit andthen runningagain.By mile21,1was starving!As Iapproached mile23,Icouldsee mywife wavingasign.She ismy biggestfan.She neverminded thealarm clocksounding at4a.m.or questionedmy expenseson running.Iwasone ofthe finalrunners tofinish.But Ifinished!And I got amedal.In fact,I gotthe samemedal asthe onethat theguy whocameinfirst placehad.Determined to be myself,move forward,free ofshame andworldly labels（世俗标签），I cannow callmyself amarathon winner.

36.A monthbefore themarathon,the author.A.was welltrained B.felt scaredC.made uphis mindto runD.lost hope

37.Why didthe authormention theP.E.class in his7th yearA.To acknowledgethe supportofhisteacher.B.To amusethe readerswith afunny story.C.To showhe wasnot talentedin sports.D.To shareapreciousmemory.

38.How wasthe authorsfirst marathonA.He madeit.B.He quithalfway.C.He gotthefirstprize.D.He walkedtotheend.

39.What doesthestorymainly tellus A.A manowes hissuccess tohis familysupport.B.A winneris onewith agreat effortof will.C.Failure isthe motherof success.D.One isnever tooold tolearn.【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事

36.C细节理解题根据文章第一段最后一句Yet,Iwas determinedtogoahead.可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛故选C

37.C细节理解题根据文章第二段Ididntdo eitherwell.He laterinformed methat Iwas”not athletic”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋故选C

38.A细节理解题根据文章第10段Iwasoneofthe finalrunners tofinish.But Ifinished!And Igot amedal.Tn fact,Igotthe samemedal asthe onethat theguy whocameinfirst placehad.可矢口，作者坚持至U了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松故选A

1..B主旨大意题通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined to be myself,move forward,free ofshame andworldly labels（世俗标签），I cannow callmyself amarathon winner.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志故选B theUK,but alwayslonged toexplore further.（在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索）和When sheretired fromdancing andher sonseventually flewthe nest（当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活）”可知，Girnii在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情由此推知，划线词组take theplunge与try challengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近故选A

29.C细节理解题根据第三段中的“And itwas inChile shediscovered shecould getlast-minute cheapdeals onships goingtoAntarcticafrom theislands offTiera delFuego.（正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票）”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的故选C

30.C细节理解题根据最后一段The realizationthat thisis aprecious land,toberespected byhumans,wasoneofthebiggest thingsthat hithome toGinni.（意识至lj这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一）”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护故选C

31.B主旨大意题通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段叮hese gentlelovely gatekeeperswelcomed herand kick-started whatwas tobeatrip Ginniwould neverforget.（这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行厂和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘由此可知，An unforgettableexperience.（一次难忘的经历）能够概括文章主旨故选B

2.2021年3月天津卷之C篇A trialproject bythe MontrealChildrens Hospitalsuggested that the useof medicalhypnosis（催眠）can reducepain andanxiety inpatients.The projectalso resultedin areduction inthe amountof medicinesused toperform medical-imaging imaging（医学影像）procedures.“During theexamination childrendont move.It worksperfectly.Its amazing,said JohanneLEcuyer,a medical-imaging technologistat the hospital.The projectwas inspiredby aFrench teamfrom RouenUniversity HospitalCentre whereexaminations aredone underhypnosis insteadof generalanesthesia（麻醉）.A Frenchmedical-imaging technologist-also ahypnotist-was invitedto traina fewmembers inthe medical-imaging departmentofthechildrens hospital.In all,80examinations wereconducted fortheprojectbetween Januaryand September,2019,focusing on the imaging procedures thatwould causeanxiety.Hypnosis is not astate ofsleep:It israther amodified（改变的）state ofconsciousness.The technologistwill guidethe patientto thismodified state―an imaginaryworld thatwill disassociateitself moreand morefrom the procedure thatfollows.“The technologistmust buildup astory with the patient/*Ms.UEcuyer said.n Thepatient isleft with the powerto choosewhat hewants to talkabout.Do youplay sportsDo youlike goingtothebeach Weestablish asubject thatwe willdiscuss throughoutthe procedure.n Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story――an injection（注射）becomes thebite ofan insect;the heaton theskin becomesthe sensationofthesun anda machinethat ringsbecomes a police carpassing nearby.“The importantthing isthat the technologist associateswhat ishappening outsidethe patientsbody withwhat the patient seesin hishead/Ms.LEcuyer said.It requirescreativity on the partofthetechnologist,imagination,a lotof patienceand kindness.The procedureappealed tothe staffa lotwhen itwas introducedin January.It spreadlike wildfirethat someonefrom Francewas hereto trainthe technologistsJ Ms.UEcuyer said.She addedthat shehad aline ofstaff ather doorwanting totake thetraining.

51.One ofthe resultsproduced bythe trialproject is.A.a betterunderstanding ofchildren B.less useof certainmedicines C.new medical-imaging technologyD.an improvedreputation ofthehospital

52.The Frenchtechnologist cametothechildrens hospitalto.A,assist intreating apatient

8.carry outhypnosis trainingC,start upa newdepartment D.learn about theprocedure

53.According toParagraph5,hypnosis worksby.A,creating aperfect worldfor patientsB.forcing patientsinto astate ofdeep sleepC.putting patientsinto anunconscious stateD.leading patients1consciousness awayfrom reality

54.What canwe learnaboutthestory usedintheprocedure A.Itshouldkeep pacewiththeprocedure.B.It reflectsthe patientscreativity.C.It isselected bythetechnologist.D.It tellswhat doctorsare doingtothepatient.

55.The procedurewas receivedamongthe staff with.A.uncertainty B.enthusiasm C?worry D.criticism

56.What isthe passagemainly aboutA.An easyway tocommunicate withpatients.B?The standardmethod ofconducting hypnosis.C.An introductionof medical-imaging technology.D.The useof hypnosisin medical-imagingprocedures.【答案】

51.B

52.B

53.D

54.A

55.B

56.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述了蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑一位法国医学影像技术专家――也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工

51.细节理解题根据第一段The projectalso resultedinareduction inthe amountof medicinesused toperform medical-imaging（医学影像）procedures.（该项目还导致用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少）可知，实验的结果之一就是减少某些药物的使用故选B

52.细节理解题根据第三段A Frenchmedical-imaging technologist―also ahypnotist―was invitedtotraina fewmembers inthe medical-imaging departmentofthechildrens hospital.”（一位法国医学影像技术专家――也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，法国技术专家来儿童医院是做催眠培训来的故选B

53.细节理解题根据第五段第一句Hypnosis is notastate ofsleep:It israther amodified（改变的）state ofconsciousness.The technologistwill guidethepatientto thismodified state-an imaginaryworld thatwill disassociateitself moreand morefrom theprocedure thatfollows.（催眠状态不是一种睡眠的状态而是一种被改变的意识状态技术专家会引导病人进入这种改变的状态――一个想象中的世界，它会越来越脱离接下来的程序）可知，催眠是引导病人的意识远离现实，进入一个想象中的世界故选D

54.推理判断题根据倒数第三段“Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory”（催眠过程中接下来发生的一切都必须和这个故事有关）以及倒数第二段“The importantthing isthatthetechnologist associateswhat ishappening outsidethe patientsbody withwhat thepatient seesinhishead”（重要的是技术专家把病人身体外发生的事情和他在大脑里看到的联系起来）可知，故事必须跟整个催眠过程同步故选A

55.细节理解题根据倒数第一段“The procedureappealed tothestaffa lotwhen itwas introducedin January.（这个程序在一月份开始引进的时候，吸引了很多员工）以及最后一句She addedthat shehadaline ofstaff ather doorwanting totake thetraining.”（她补充说，有一队员工在她门口等着接受培训）可知，这个催眠程序受到了员工的欢迎A.uncertainty不确定；B.enthusiasm热情；C.worry担心；D.criticism批评故选B o

56.主旨大意题根据文章第一段“A trialproject bythe MontrealChildrens Hospitalsuggested thatthe useof medicalhypnosis（催眠）can reducepain andanxiety inpatients.The projectalso resultedinareduction inthe amountof medicinesused toperform medical-imaging imaging（医学影像）procedures9（蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑一位法国医学影像技术专家――也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工）可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用故选D

3.2020年新课标I I卷之B篇Some parentswill buyany high-tech toyif theythink itwill helptheirchild,but researcherssaid puzzleshelp childrenwith math-related skills.Psychologist SusanLevine,an experton mathematicsdevelopment inyoung childrenthe Universityof Chicago,found childrenwho play with puzzlesbetween ages2and4later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle playwas foundtobea significantpredictor ofcognition（认知）after controlling for differencesin parents9income,education andthe amountof parenttalk,Levine said.The researchersanalyzed videorecordings of53child-parent pairsduring everydayactivities athome andfound childrenwho play with puzzlesbetween26and46months ofage havebetter spatialskills whenassessed at54months ofage.“The childrenwho played with puzzlesperformed betterthan thosewho didnot,on tasksthat assessedtheirabilityto rotate（旋转）and translateshapes JLevine saidinastatement.The parentswere askedto interactwith theirchildren asthey normallywould,and abouthalf ofchildren inthe studyplayed with puzzles atone time.Higher-income parentstended tohave childrenplay with puzzles morefrequently,and bothboys andgirls who playedwithpuzzles hadbetter spatialskills.However,boys tendedto playwith morecomplex puzzlesthan girls,andtheparents ofboys providedmore spatiallanguage andwere moreactive duringpuzzle playthan parentsof girls.The findingswere publishedinthejournal DevelopmentalScience.

24.In whichaspect dochildren benefitfrom puzzleplay A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatialskills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.

25.What didLevine takeinto considerationwhen designingher experimentA.Parents,age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents9education.D.Child-parent relationship.

26.How doboy differfrom girlsin puzzleplay A.They playwithpuzzlesmore often.B.They tendtotalkless duringthe game.C.They preferto usemore spatiallanguage.D.They are likely to playwithtougher puzzles.

27.What isthe textmainly aboutA.A mathematicalmethod.B.A scientificstudy.C.A womanpsychologist D.A teachingprogram.【答案】

24.B

25.C

26.D

27.B【解析】本文是说明文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果

24.细节理解题根据第二段中…fbund childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween ages2and4developbetterspatialskill（在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好）可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能B.Developing spatialskills（发展空间能力）符合以上说法，故选B项

25.细节理解题根据第二段中Puzzle playwas foundtobea significantpredictor ofcognition aftercontrollingfordifference inparents*income,education andthe amountof parenttalk,Levine said.（Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测）可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数C.Parents1education.（父母的教育）符合以上说法，故选C项

26.细节理解题根据倒数第二段中However,boys tendedtoplaywith morecomplex puzzlesthan girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题D.They are1汰ely toplaywithtougher puzzles.（他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题）符合以上说法，故选D项

27.主旨大意题本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果所以是关于科学研究的B.A scientificstudy（一项科学研究）符合以上说法，故选B项

4.2020年天津卷之C篇For people,who areinterested insound,the fieldof soundtechnology isdefinitely makingnoise.In thepast,sound engineers worked inthe backrooms ofrecording studios,but manyof todayssound professionalsare sharingtheir knowledgeand experiencewith professionalsin otherfields tocreate newproducts basedonthephenomenon wecall sound.Sound can be usedasaweapon.Imagine thatapoliceofficer ischasing athief.The thieftries toescape.And theofficer cantlet himget away.He pullsout aspecial device,points it atthe suspect,and switchesit on.The thiefdrops tothe ground.This newweapon iscalled aLong RangeAcoustic Device（LRAD,远程定向声波发射It producesa deafeningsound sopainful that it temporarilydisables aperson.The noisefrom the LRAD isdirected likea rayof lightand travelsonly intothe earsof thatperson,but itisnotdeadly.For thosewho hungerfor somepeace andquiet,sound cannow createsilence.Lefs sayyouareattheairport,andthelittle boyontheseat nextto youis humming（哼唱）a shortcommercial song.He humsit overand overagain,and youare abouttogocrazy.Thanks tothe SilenceMachine,a Britishinvention,you canget ridofthesound withoutupsetting theboy orhis parents.One maywonder howthe SilenceMachine works.Well,it functionsby analyzingthe wavesoftheincoming soundand creatinga secondset ofoutgoing waves.The twosets ofwaves canceleachotherout.Simply turnthe machineor pointit atthe target,and yourpeace andquiet comesback.Directed soundis a new technologythat allowscompanies to use sound in muchthe sameway spotlights（聚光灯）are usedinthe theater.A spotlightlights uponly onesection ofa stage;similarly,cc spotsound^^creates a circle of sound in on targeted area.This canbe usefulfor businessessuch asrestaurants andstores becauseit offersa newway toattract customers.Restaurants canoffer achoice of music alongwiththevarious foodchoices onthe menu,allowing customersmore controlover the atmosphere inwhich theyare dining.Directed soundis alsobeginning toappear inshopping centersand evenat homes.

46.What couldbe inferredfrom Paragraph2abouttheeffect oftheLRADA.It causestemporary hearingloss.B.It slowsdown arunning man.C.It makesit easy to identifya suspect.D.It keepsthesuspectfrom hurtingothers.

47.The SilenceMachine isa devicespecially designedto.A.silence thepeople aroundyou B.remove thesound ofcommercials C.block theincoming soundwaves D.stop unwantedsound fromaffecting you

48.What featuredo spotsoundsand spotlightsshare A.They travelin circles.B.They cleartheatmosphere.C.They canbe transformedinto energy.D.They canbe directedonto aspecific area.

49.Directed soundcanbeused for.A.creative designsof restaurantmenus B.ideal soundeffects onthetheaterstage C.different choicesofmusicfor businessesD.strict controlover anysuspicious customer

50.What doesthe passagefocus onA.How professionalsinvented soundproducts.B.Inventions inthe fieldof soundtechnology.C.The growinginterestinthe studyof sound.D.How sound engineersworkin theirstudios.［答案】

46.A

47.D

48.D

49.C

50.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术

46.推理判断题根据第二段中的“It producesa deafeningsound sopainful thatit temporarilydisables aperson.The noisefrom theLRAD isdirected likea rayof lightand travelsonly intothe earsof thatperson,but itisnotdeadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失故选A

47.细节理解题根据第三段中的“Well,it functionsby analyzingthe wavesoftheincoming soundand creatinga secondset ofoutgoing waves.The twosets ofwaves canceleachotherout.Simply turnthe machineon pointitatthe target,and yourpeace andquiet comesback.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波这两组波会相互抵消只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备故选Do

48.细节理解题根据最后一段中的A spotlightlights uponly onesection ofa stage;similarly,a spotsound,,creates acircle ofsoundinone targetedarea.“可知,聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地,一个spotsouncT在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈由此可知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选D

49.细节理解题根据最后一段中的“A spotlightlights uponly onesection ofa stage;similarlyJspotsouncT createsacircleofsoundinontargetedarea.This canbe usefulfor businessessuch asrestaurants andstores becauseit offersanewway toattract customers.Restaurants canoffer achoice ofmusic alongwiththevarious foodchoice onthe menu,allowing customersmore controlover theatmosphere inwhich theyare dining.“可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择故选C

50.主旨大意题根据第一段中的In thepast,soundengineersworked inthe backrooms ofrecording studios,but manyof todayssound professionalsare sharingtheir knowledgeand experiencewith professionalsin otherfields tocreate newproducts basedonthephenomenon wecall sound.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造故选B

5.2019年北京卷之C篇The problemof robocallshas gottenso badthat manypeople nowrefuse topick upcalls fromnumbers theydont know.By nextyear,half ofthe callswe receivewill bescams（欺诈）.We arefinally wakingup tothe severityoftheproblem bysupporting anddeveloping agroup oftools,apps andapproaches intendedto preventscammers fromgetting through.Unfortunately,its toolittle,too late.By thetime thesesolutions”（解决方案）become widely available,scammers willhave movedonto cleverermeans.In thenear future,its notjust goingtobethe numberyou seeon yourscreen thatwill bein doubt.Soon youwill alsoquestion whetherthe voiceyoure hearingis actuallyreal.Thats becausethere area numberof powerfulvoice manipulation（处理）and automationtechnologies thatare aboutto becomewidely availablefor anyonetouse.At thisyears I/O Conference,a companyshowed anew voicetechnology ableto producesuchaconvincing human-sounding voice thatitwas ableto speaktoareceptionist andbook areservation withoutdetection.These developmentsarelikelytomakeour currentproblems withrobocalls muchworse.The reasonthat robocallsareaheadache hasless todo withamount thanprecision A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led toa situation where scammers can easily learn your mother*s name,and farmore.Armed withthis knowledge.theyre ableto carryout individuallytargeted campaignsto cheatpeople.This means,for example,thatascammer couldcall youfrom whatlooks tobeafamiliar numberand talkto youusing avoice thatsounds exactlylike yourbank tellers,ricking youinto Confirmingyour address,mothers name,and cardnumber.Scammers followmoney,so companieswill bethe worsthit.A lotof businessis stilldone overthe phone,and muchof itis basedon trustand existingrelationships.Voice manipulationtechnologies mayweaken thatgradually.We need to dealwiththeinsecure natureof ourtelecom networks.Phone carriersand consumersneedtowork togetherto findways ofdetermining andcommunicating whatis real.That mightmean eitherdeveloping auniform wayto markvideos andimages,showing whenand whotheyweremade by.or abandoningphone callsaltogether andmoving towardsdata-based communications-using appslike FaceTime orWhatsApp,which canbe tiedto youridentity.Credibility ishard toearn buteasytolose,andtheproblem isonly goingto harderfrom hereon out.

38.How doesthe authorfeel aboutthe solutionsto problemof robecallsA.Panicked.B.Confused.C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

39.taking advantageofthenew technologies,scammer can.A.aim atvictims preciselyB.damage databaseseasily C.start campaignsrapidly D.spread informationwidely

40.What doesthe passageimply A.Honesty isthe bestpolicy.B.Technologies canbe double-edited.C.There aremore solutionsthan problems.D.Credibility holdsthe keyto development.

41.Which ofthe followingwould bethebesttitle forthe passageA.Where theProblem ofRobocalls IsRooted B.Who Isto BlamefortheProblem ofRoboealls C.Why RobocallsAre Aboutto GetMore DangerousD.How RobocallsAre Affectingthe Worldof Technology【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重

38.D观点态度题根据第一段中的“We arefinally wakinguptothe severityoftheproblem bysupporting anddeveloping agroup oftools,apps andapproaches intendedto preventscammers fromgetting through.Unfortunately,its toolittle,too late.By thetime these“solutions becomewidelyavailable,scammers willhave movedonto clevermeans”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了在这些“解决方案被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望故D选项正确

39.A细节理解题根据第三段中的“The reasonthat robocallsareaheadache hasless todo withamount thanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother,s name,and farmore.Armed withthis knowledge,theyre ableto carryout individuallytargeted campaignsto cheatpeople.This means,for example,thatascammer couldcall youfrom whatlooks tobeafamiliar numberand talkto youusing avoicethatsounds exactlylike yourbank tellers,tricking youinto“confirming”your address,mothers name,and cardnumber”可知,机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标故A选项正确

40.B推理判断题根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面根据第三段的叙述可知,欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑故B选项正确

41.C主旨大意题第一段提到robocalls（机器人电话自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的第二段介绍原因语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题综上，文章第一段点明文章中心机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重下文都是围绕这一话题展开的故C选项适合作标题。

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