2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点4--主旨要义之段落大意--讲考点--胸有成竹（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

4.?主旨大意之段落大意.?讲考点一有成竹[2022年段落大意考点归纳】Y点题》、段落大意2022试卷类型设问考占-J/、、、阅读理解2022?新高考I卷阅读D

14.What isparagraph5mainly about段落大意2022?全国甲卷D阅读D32,What isthe firstparagraph mainly about段落大意20212021年全国乙卷B篇

24.What doesparagraph2mainly tellus about段落大意mobile phones2021年6月浙江卷C M

10.What isthe lastparagraph mainlyabout段落大意20202020年新课标I卷D篇

32.What isthe firstparagraph mainlyabout段落大意【2023年高考命题预测】主旨大意之段落大意考点是高考中的必考点一篇文章有多个段落，为什么把题出在其中的某个段落？因为这个段落在文章中起着至关重要的作用，这些段落或引出话题或承上启下或总结全文命题者的意图是明确的，他们着眼于文章中起重要作用的段落进而设题预测在2023高考中，段落大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】段落大意题常考问题The mainpoint/idea of the passageis...The passageis mainlyabout...The passagemainly discusses...The lastbut oneparagraph ischiefly concernedwith...Which of the followingstatements bestexpresses the main ideaof thepassage近几年高考段落大意考查的特点考查的段落一般没有主题句，这需要考生对整段进行归纳，找出段落的重点，总结段落大意总结段落大意考例分析D【2020?全国I]The connectionbetween peopleand plantshas longbeen thesubject ofscientific research.Recent studieshave foundpositive effects.A studyconducted inYoungstown,Ohio,for example,discovered thatgreener areasof the city experiencedless crime.In another,employees wereshown to be15%more productivewhen theirworkplaces weredecorated withhouseplants.The engineersat theMassachusetts Instituteof Technology（MIT）have takenit astep furtherchanging theactual compositionof plantsin orderto getthem toperform diverse,even unusualfunctions.These includeplants thathave sensorsprinted onto their leavesto showwhen theyreshort ofwater anda plantthat candetect harmfulchemicals ingroundwater.”Were thinkingabout howwe canengineer plantsto replacefunctions of the thingsthat weuse everyday,n explainedMichael Strano,a professorof chemicalengineering atMIT.One ofhis latestprojects hasbeen to make plantsgrow（发光）in experimentsusing somecommon vegetables.Stranos teamfound thatthey couldcreate afaint lightfbr three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amountneeded toread by,is justa start.The technology,Strano said,could oneday beused tolight therooms oreven toturn treeinto self-powered streetlamps.in thefuture,the teamhopes todevelop aversion of the technologythat canbe sprayedonto plantleaves in a one-off treatmentthat wouldlast theplants lifetime.The engineers are alsotrying todevelop anon andoff”switch“where theglow wouldfade whenexposed todaylight.Lighting accountsfor about7%of thetotal electricityconsumed in the US.Since lightingis oftenfar removedfrom thepower source（电源）-such asthe distancefrom apower plantto streetlamps ona remotehighway-a lotof energyis lostduring transmission（传输）.Glowing plantscould reducethis distanceand thereforehelp saveenergy.

31632.What isthe firstparagraph mainlyabout A.A newstudy ofdifferent plants.B.A bigfall incrime rates.C.Employees fromvarious workplaces.D.Benefits fromgreen plants.【答案】

32.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用

32.主旨大意题根据第一段中A studyconducted inYoungstown,Ohio,for example‘discovered thatgreener areasofthecity experiencedless crime.In another,employees wereshown to be15%more productivewhen theirworkplaces weredecorated withhouseplants,可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%o由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处故选D B【2020?全国新课标ni】When”Rise ofthe PlanetoftheApes*was firstshown to the publiclast month,a groupof excitedanimal activistsgathered onHollywood Boulevard.But theywerent thereto throwred painton fur-coat-wearing filmstars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkeysuit,had arrivedwith asign praisingthe filmmakers:Thanks fornot usingreal apes（猿）!”The creativeteam behindApes usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized animals,spending tensof millionsof dollarson technologythat Irecords anactor9s performanceand laterprocesses itwith computergraphics tocreate afinal image（图像）.In thiscase,one ofa realistic-looking ape.Yet Apesis moreexception than the rule.In fact,Hollywood hasbeen hoton liveanimals lately.One nonprofitorganization,which monitorsthe treatmentor animalsin filmedentertainment,is keepingtabs onmore than2,000productions thisyear.Already,a numberof films,including Waterfor Elephants/n TheHangover PartII andZookeeperJ havedrawn theanger ofactivists whosay thecreatures actingin themhavent beentreated properly.In somecases,its notso muchthe treatmentoftheanimals onset inthe studiothat hasactivists worried;its theoff-set trainingand livingconditions thatare raisingconcerns.And thereare questionsabout thefilms madeoutside theStates,which sometimesare notmonitored asclosely asproductions filmedintheSates.

24125.What doesparagraph2mainly talkabout A.The costof makingApes.”B.The creationof digitalizedapes.C.The publicityabout Apes.D.The performanceof realapes.【答案】

25.B【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的

25.主旨大意题根据第二段“The creativeteam behindApes usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）t echnologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spending tensof millionsof dollarson technologythat Irecords anactors performanceand laterprocesses itwith computergraphics tocreate afinal image（图像）.”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造故选B项规律方法如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句【试题精练】LD【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测

（三）】Reading bookscan obviouslymake youa better,smarter entrepreneur.According toa2018study ofover160,000adults in31countries,the morebooks thatwere presentin participants,childhood homes,the morecompetent theynow wereas adultswith skillsin literacy,mathematics,and technological problem-solving.Researchers notethat book-oriented socialization,indicated byhome librarysize,equips youthwith lifelongtastes,skill andknowledge.Growing upwith homelibraries boostsadult skillsin literacy,numeracy and technologicalproblem-solving beyondthe benefitsacquired fromparental educationor yourown educationalor occupationalattainment.Kids whogrow up inahome wherereading isvalued andmodeled aremore likely to begood readers.Strangely enough,though,advanced educationdoesnt necessarilyoffset the“lots ofbooks inthe home^^advantage.Adults who grew upwith relativelyfew booksin theirhomes andlater earneda collegedegree hadliteracy levelsapproximately equalto adultswhogrewupinhomes withlarge librariesbut onlyattended schoolfor nineyears.Jessica Stillman[of Inc.]writes,surrounding yourselfwith morebooks thanyou couldever readsays goodthings aboutyour mind.Those booksserve asa constantreminder ofall thethings youdont know-which helpskeep youintellectually hungryand curious.And possibly,this willkeep youa littlemore modest,since researchshows thequicker youare toadmit youdont knowsomething,the fasteryou canthen learnit.As JeffBezos says,a keysign ofintelligence isthe willingnessto changeyour mind,something thatonly happensif yourewilling toadmit thatyour currentthinking maynot bethe bestthinking.Modesty,learning andthe willingnessto changeyour mindwhen newdata presentsitself:Thats anotherthree bonusevery entrepreneurcan benefitfrom.

12.What doesparagraph1mainly talkabout theresearch A.Tough process.B.Inspiring discovery.C.Numerous data.D.Advanced technology.【答案】

12.B【解析】这是一篇说明文研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处

12.主旨大意题o根据第――段“Reading bookscan obviouslymake youa better,smarter entrepreneur.According toa2018study ofover160,000adults in31countries,the morebooks thatwere presentin participants9childhood homes,the morecompetent theynow wereas adultswith skillsin literacy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.Researchers notethat book-oriented socialization,indicated byhome librarysize,equips youthwith lifelongtastes,skill andknowledge』读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家2018年的一项研究对31个国家的16万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识厂可知，第一段主要讲的是鼓舞人心的发现故选B

2.C[2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】Time zones were createdby railroad officials todeal witha majorheadache.It wasbecoming impossible to knowwhat timeit was.At thattime eachtown orcity inthe USkept itsown solar time.Fifty-six standardsof timeare nowemployed by the variousrailroads inpreparing theirschedules ofrunning timeJ reportedThe New York Times on April19,

1883.In1883,railroad representativesattended theGeneral RailroadTime Convention.On April11,railroadofficialsagreed tocreate fivetime zonesin NorthAmerica.And the new standardtook effecton November18,

1883.Though the new time standard wasnot sanctionedby thefederal government,the NavalObservatory inWashington offeredto send,by telegraph,a newtime signalso peoplecould synchronize（同步）their watches.Most peoplehad noobjection to thenewtimestandard.An articlein TheNew YorkTimes on November16,1883noted,“The passengerfrom Chicagoto NewOrleans,can makethe entirerun withoutchanging hiswatch.”As thetime changewas institutedbytherailroads,and voluntarilyaccepted bymany townsand cities,some incidentsof confusionappeared.A reportin ThePhiladelphia InquireronNovember21,1883,described anincident wherea debtorhad beenordered toreport toa Bostoncourtroom before10:

00.He appearedat9:48,standard time,but wasruled thatit wasafter10:

00.Incidents likethat demonstratedthe needfor everyoneto adoptthenewstandard time.However,there wereobjections.An itemin TheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailed howthecityof Louisvillehad givenup onstandard time.Louisville setall itsclocks ahead18minutes toreturn tosolartime.By the1890s,standard timeand time zones wereaccepted asordinary.The successfuladoption inthe USin1883set anexample ofhow time zones could spread acrossthe globe.The followingyear,a conferencein Paris created thetimezonesworldwide and eventually theycame intouse.

11.What isthe lastparagraph mainlyabout A.The USsimplified timezones.B.Pariscreatedits timezone.C.Time zoneswent worldwide.D.Time zonesproved effective.【答案】

11.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的

11.段落大意题根据最后一段By the1890s,standard timeand timezoneswereaccepted asordinary.The successfuladoption inthe USin1883set anexample ofhow timezones couldspread acrossthe globe.The followingyear,a conferencein Pariscreated thetimezonesworldwide andeventually theycame intouse.（至了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区1883年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了榜样第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球,即全球都采用时区标准，故选C

3.C【2022届广东省高三六校第四次联考】A studyof8different experimentsshowed thatour brainstend toprefer additionrather thansubtracticn whenit comesto findingsolutions-in manycases,it seemswe justdont consider the strategyof takingsomething away at all.The researchersfound thatthis preferencefor addingwas noticeablein threesituations inparticular:when peoplewere underhigher cognitive（认知的）load,when therewas lesstime toconsidertheother options,and whenvolunteers didnt get aspecific reminderthat subtractingwas anoption.In oneoftheexperiments,participants wereasked toimprove aLego structureso thatit wasable totake moreweight.Half thevolunteers werereminded thatthey couldtake awaybricks aswell asadd them,and halfwerent.In thegroup thatgot the reminder,61percent solvedthe problemby takingawayabrick-which wasa muchfaster andmore efficientway ofmaking thestructure stable.In thegroup thatdidntgetthereminder,only41percent wentfbr theremoving bricksapproach.Additive ideascome to mind quicklyand easily,but subtractiveideas requiremore cognitiveeffort Jsays psychologistBenjamin Converse,from theUniversity ofVirginia.Because peopleare oftenmoving fastand workingwith the first ideasthat cometomind,they endup acceptingadditive solutionswithout consideringsubtraction atThe researchershave afew ideasabout whatmight begoing on.Our brainsmight findadditive changeseasier toprocess perhaps,or wemight beassociating addingwith ideasof somethingthats biggerand thereforebetter inour subconscious.There mightalso beassociations inour mindswith thecurrent statusbeing somethingthat needstobemaintained asmuch aspossible-and takingsomething awayis arguablymore destructivetothecurrent statusthan addingsomething new.The researcherssay theirwork isimportant ina muchbroader sense:for institutionslooking tostreamline（简化）,fbr example,andevenfbr thehuman racelooking fbrways tobetter managethe planetsresources.

11.What isparagraph4mainlyaboutA.The waysto makeadditive changes.B,The effects of takingsomething away.C.The reasonsfor brainspreferring addition.D.The importanceof maintainingcurrent status.【答案】U.C【解析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明在寻找解决方案时，我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而不是减除，并介绍了研究结果的意义

11.主旨大意题根据第四段中“Our brainsmight findadditive changeseasier toprocess perhaps,or wemight beassociating addingwith ideasof somethingthats biggerand thereforebetter inour subconscious.There mightalso beassociations inour mindswith thecurrent statusbeing somethingthat needstobemaintained asmuch aspossible一and takingsomething awayis arguablymore destructivetothecurrent statusthan addingsomething new.（我们的大脑可能会发现增加的变化更容易处理，或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与更大更好的想法联系起来在我们的脑海中可能还会有这样的联想当前的状态是需要尽可能多地保持的，而拿走一些东西可能比增加一些新东西对当前的状态更具破坏性）”可知，本段主要讲了大脑喜欢增加的原因故选C项

4.D【2022届山东省荷泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】Around oneheart attackin50in richEuropean countriesis causedby longexposure toloud traffic,according tothe WorldHealth Organization.The ill-effects ofnoise pollutionin suchcountries aresecond onlyto thosefrom dirtyair.Long-term exposurecan causehormonal（荷尔蒙的）imbalances aswell asmental-health problems.Roadside barrierscan helpdecrease thenoise,but they are expensive-up to$600,000per kilometer.Besides,they workless wellon windydays and are impracticalalong citystreets.Happily,there isanother option.By addingrubber powders,recycled fromused tyres,tothe bitumen（沥青）and brokenstones usedtomakeasphalt（柏油路），engineersaredesigning quieterstreets.First usedexperimentally inthe1960s,this rubberized,softer asphaltcuts trafficnoise byaround25%.Even better,it alsolasts longerthanthenormal sort.Not surprisingly,rubberized asphaltis catchingon.Rubberized asphaltkeeps thenoise downinacouple ofways.Gaps betweenthe stonesin standardasphalt mustbe small,because iftheyaretoo bigthebitumenbinding（粘合齐lj）cannot doits jobproperly.Adding rubberthickens thebitumen.That allowsbigger gaps,which helpto trapand spreadsound waves.The rubberizedbitumen itselfis flexible,which enablesit toabsorb moreunwanted soundenergy.Bitumen ismade fromoil,which meansits pricehas risenover thepast decadealongside thatoftheoil.Thrown-away tyres,by contrast,are cheapandarelikelytoget cheaper.Nowadays enoughtyres arerecycled inAmerica eachyear toproduce20,000miles ofthe stuff,enough torebuild about

0.5%of Americasroads.Rubber roadsare alsopopular inChina,Brazil,Spain andGermany.Their popularitycouldspreadfurther,since itis nowpossibletomake rubberizedasphalt lessexpensively thanthe traditionalsort.

12.What dothefirsttwo paragraphsmainly talkabout concerningnoise pollutionA.It doesmore harmthan airpollution.B.It becomesthemaincause ofheart attack.C.It maycause health problems inthe longrun.D.It canbe gotrid ofby puttingup roadsidebarriers.【答案】

12.D【解析】本文是说明文文章介绍了一种减少路面噪音污染的橡胶沥青路，把旧轮胎建成新式道路可以减少噪音污染

12.主旨大意题根据第一段的“The ill-effectsofnoise pollutionin suchcountries aresecond onlyto thosefrom dirtyair.Long-term exposurecan causehormonal（荷尔蒙的）imbalances aswell asmental-healthproblems.这些国家，噪音污染产生的不良反应仅次于空气污染，长期暴露不仅会造成激素失调，还会引发精神问题户和第二段的“Roadside barrierscan helpdecrease thenoise,but theyare expensive――up to$600,000per kilometer.Besides,they workless wellon windydays andare impracticalalong citystreets.（路边屏障可以减少喧嚣，但它们太贵了――每公里高达6万美元，止匕外，它们在多风的时候效果并不好，在城市街道边也不大现实y可推断，第一段介绍噪音污染带来的危害，引出第二段介绍安装路边屏障可以减少噪音，但不是太理想，因此推断前两段主要介绍路边屏障可以减少噪音污染故选D。

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