This standard specifies the clean clearance level for recycling and reuse of steel and aluminum materials in nuclear facilities. This standard applies to clean clearance of steel and aluminum materials from other reasons such as decommissioning of nuclear facilities or application of nuclear technology. GB 17567-1998 Clean clearance level for recycling and reuse of steel and aluminum materials in nuclear facilities GB17567-1998 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB17567-1998
This standard is compiled by citing GB8703-1988 "Radiation Protection Regulations" and referring to the "Application of Exemption Principles to the Recycle and Reuse of Materials from Nuclear Facilities" (Safety Implementation Rules, Safety Series No. 111-P-1.1: Application of Exemption Principles to the Recycle and Reuse of Materials from Nuclear Facilities) of the International Atomic Energy Agency. In the calculation process, combined with the data obtained from the preliminary investigation of the situation in my country, in addition to using the models and parameters recommended by the above-mentioned implementation rules for verification, a few parameters that are somewhat different from the corresponding parameters in the above-mentioned reference materials have been modified. At the same time, the latest values ​​recommended by the international (International Basic Safety Standards for Ionizing Radiation Protection and Radiation Source Safety) in 1997 are used for the conversion factor of internal radiation dose. In order to be able to refer to the main derivation assumptions and conditions of the clean clearance level specified in this standard when necessary, so as to better grasp it during implementation, the main derivation assumptions, models and conditions of this standard are listed in Appendix B (Reminder Appendix). Appendix A of this standard is the standard appendix.
Appendix B of this standard is the indicative appendix.
This standard is proposed by China National Nuclear Corporation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Nuclear Industry Standardization Institute. The drafting unit of this standard: China Institute of Atomic Energy. The main drafters of this standard: Xia Yihua, Cao Shikai, Zhu Fuhu. 177
1 Fanquan
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Clearance levels for recycle and reuse of steeland aluminum from nuclear facilities
Clearance levels for recycle and reuse of steeland aluminum from nuclear facilities This standard specifies the cleanness clearance levels for recycling and reuse of steel and aluminum from nuclear facilities. GB 17567-1998
This standard applies to the cleanness clearance of steel and aluminum materials generated from decommissioning of nuclear facilities or application of nuclear technology and other reasons. 2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. The versions shown are valid when this standard is published. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB8703--1988 Radiation Protection Provisions
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Practice
A group of activities that begins with the release of materials outside the boundaries of areas where management control is required (such as the boundaries of a nuclear site) includes all operations, operations and uses that can lead to the exposure of a critical group (or several critical groups). 3.2 Source
Radioactive steel and aluminum materials or their equipment to be recycled or reused. 3.3 Clearance
Material or its equipment from managed practices is released from the nuclear regulatory control system. 3.4 Clearance levels A set of values ​​expressed in activity concentration and/or total activity formulated by the national regulatory authorities. Any radiation source whose corresponding value is equal to or lower than this level can be released from nuclear regulatory control. 3.5 Nuclear installation A facility (including its site, building (structure) and equipment) that produces, processes, utilizes, operates, stores or disposes of radioactive materials on a scale that requires safety considerations. Such as: uranium processing and enrichment facilities, nuclear fuel manufacturing plants, nuclear reactors (including critical assemblies), research reactors, nuclear power plants, spent fuel storage facilities and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. 3.6 Recycle and reuse Steel or aluminum with body contamination equal to or lower than the clearance level given in the standard can be used as raw materials after approval and smelting; steel or aluminum materials or their equipment with surface contamination can be released and reused as required when their surface contamination level is equal to or lower than the surface contamination clearance level given in the standard.
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on November 17, 1998 478
Implemented on July 1, 1999
4 Cleaning and Control Release
4.1 Principles of Cleaning and Control Release
GB 17567-1998
Slightly contaminated steel or aluminum or their equipment may be recycled and reused to release them from the control of the nuclear regulatory system if they meet the following principles:
a) the personal risk caused by the reuse of steel or aluminum after smelting after release is low enough to make it not worthwhile to continue to manage it; b) the collective radiation risk caused by release is low enough that it is not worthwhile to apply (or continue to apply) management control under common circumstances, or the optimization analysis including the cost of management control shows that any reasonable scale of management has little or no possibility of further improving protection; and
c) release is based on the analysis of inherent safety, so the possibility of a scenario that may lead to the failure of the above two principles is extremely small.
4.2 Dose criteria for clean clearance
Based on the above clearance principles and the negligible dose level generally accepted internationally, this standard adopts the following dose criteria as the basis for implementing clearance;
a) The effective dose to members of the public in one year of practice is expected to be at the level of 10 uSv or lower; and b) The collective dose burden generated by one year of practice does not exceed the level of 1 person·Sv, or the protection optimization analysis shows that clearance is the best choice.
4.3 Clean clearance level
Based on the source of the steel and aluminum or their equipment to be cleared, efforts should be made to distinguish whether their residual contamination is surface or (and) activated (volume) contamination.
4.3.1 For steel or aluminum materials or equipment that are confirmed to be only surface contaminated, when their surface contamination level is equal to or lower than the surface radioactive material contamination control level in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 of GB87031988, clearance can be implemented directly, but it shall not be used for cooking utensils. See Appendix A (Standard Appendix) for the surface contamination control level. 4.3.2 For steel or aluminum that is confirmed to be active (volume) contaminated, it can be smelted, processed, manufactured and used as long as its mass activity concentration is equal to or lower than the clean clearance level given in Table 1 and Table 2, but it cannot be used for medical purposes. The calculation scenarios, models and parameters used to deduce the clean clearance levels given in Table 1 and Table 2 are shown in Appendix B (Suggestive Appendix). 4.3.3 In order to prevent the existence of hot spot contamination, all contamination measurements should be carried out in accordance with relevant quality assurance requirements, and should ensure that the requirements of sample representativeness and quantitative statistics are met. The maximum measurement value in a batch of materials generally cannot exceed 10 times the overall average value. 4.3.4 As a verification indicator, the mass activity concentration in steel and aluminum after smelting must also meet the requirements of Table 1 and Table 2. 4.4 Declaration and approval
The owner of the steel and aluminum to be cleared must declare clearance in accordance with the requirements of the national regulatory authorities. It can only be reused after smelting after confirmation and approval by the national regulatory authorities. The national regulatory authorities have the right to conduct random sampling and verification of the entire process. 4.5 Regarding the clearance of materials contaminated by multiple nuclides In general, the contaminating nuclides are a mixture of several nuclides. In this case, whether the material is allowed to be cleared can be determined by whether the following formula is satisfied:
(1)
Where: C; - the concentration of radioactive nuclide i in the material under consideration (Bq/g); Chi--the clean clearance level of radioactive nuclide i in the material (Bq/g); n...the number of types of radioactive contaminating nuclides in the material. 4.6 Requirements for clearance of non-radiation hazards The radioactive contamination levels of steel and aluminum or their equipment for the clearance requirements of this standard cannot replace the statutory management requirements that they must still meet in other areas.
4.7 Management of Recycling Smelting
GB17567-1998
For the recycling of steel and aluminum materials that meet this standard and are produced by the decommissioning of nuclear facilities or other reasons, they should generally be carried out in certain designated factories, and the national regulatory authorities should provide necessary guidance and management to these factories. 4.8 For the clearance of materials involving foreign trade, the review and supervision department shall adopt the corresponding review requirements Table 1: Clearance level values ​​for recycling and reuse of polluted steel (Bq/g) Nuclide
Clearance level
(Bq/g)
Clearance level
(Bq/g)
Clearance level
(Bq/g)
Clearance level
4×10-1
4×103
1× 10°
9×103
1×104
1×10-1
4×10*1
3×104
5×101
6×10-1
Table 2 Control level of polluted aluminum reuse (Ba/g) $5Fe
2×103
1×100
3×10-1
1×10°
4×104| |tt||3×100
2×100
2×102
2×102
7×101
2×102
4×100
2×10-
5×10-1
(Bq/g）
Note: The clearance levels of natural radionuclides given in Tables 1 and 2 refer to the natural radionuclides contaminated in the materials to be cleared and added to the materials. The contamination level above the radioactive background, not the activity 480 naturally present in it
Extremely toxic
GB17567-1998
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Surface radioactive material contamination control level, Bq/cm2 (cited from GB8703-19883.1.4 and 3.15)α radioactive material
The values ​​listed in the table refer to the total amount of fixed and loose contamination on the surface. 2 When the surface contamination level exceeds the values ​​listed in the table, decontamination measures should be taken. β radioactive material
3 The surface contamination control level of β radioactive material with a maximum energy of β particles less than 0.3MeV can be 5 times the values ​​listed in the table. 4227Ac, ​​210Pb, 228Ra and other β radioactive materials shall be implemented according to the surface contamination control level of α radioactive materials. 5 The surface contamination control level of chlorine and cyanide water can be 10 times the values ​​listed in the table. The surface contamination level can be calculated as the average value over a certain area: 300cm is taken for equipment. Appendix B
(Suggested Appendix)
Calculation scenarios, models and parameters
Steel recycling and reuse
B1.1 Basic assumptions
The main exposure scenarios in the recycling and reuse of steel are: waste transport workers, waste treatment workers, melting and smelting workers, future utilization of steel consumer products, slag utilization, and tail gas emissions. The clean clearance level derived for steel recycling is based on the following basic assumptions: (1) Each radioactive nuclide is not distributed in a certain proportion in the waste gas slag and metal castings during the metal recycling process. Instead, it is assumed that they either all enter the steel ingot, all enter the slag or all enter the waste gas. (2) No non-radioactive materials are used for dilution during the smelting and manufacturing of scrap metal. (3) The recycling volume is 100t/a.
(4) 1 ton of steel produces about 200 kg of slag.
B1.2 Exposure scenarios for steel recycling and reuse B1.2.1 Key points description
The exposure scenarios for each step are listed in Appendix B1, and the descriptions of each step are as follows: (1) Loaders 1 and 2:
Loading and unloading of trucks for scrap steel, industrial products or final products. For steel, a total of five loading and unloading scenarios are considered. There are two exposure scenarios with different external exposure conditions: small furnace and large furnace. Generally refers to the use of automatic loading and unloading equipment (such as cranes), usually by two or five loaders, depending on the different operations in the table, the exposure time is 2h to 20h. The external exposure is generalized as a cylinder or semi-cylinder (see Figure B1), and the source is generalized as a 25t scrap steel pile, with a length of 253cm and a radius of 127cm. The average distance between the worker and it is 4m. 2) Truck drivers 1 and 2: refer to truck drivers transporting scrap steel and final products. For steel, a total of three truck driver exposure scenarios are considered, and two drivers are used to determine different exposure geometries (scrap steel or steel ingots). Each scenario assumes five drivers, and their exposure time is between 4h and 8h. In terms of external exposure, the truck cargo is generalized to 200t, replaced by a semi-cylinder with a length of 900cm and a radius of 60cm. The average distance between the driver and the source is 2m.
3) Processors:
refers to the "processing work" before the scrap steel is fed into the furnace, including several different treatments. Including: crushing, cutting, pulverizing, sorting and bundling of scrap steel, etc. The estimated exposure time for the three types of processors is 12h. For external irradiation, the source is a 0.5t semi-cylinder with a length of 60cm, a radius of 30cm, and an average distance of 2m.
4) Workers 1, 2 and 3:
There are three scenarios describing various general operations in melting, manufacturing and distribution facilities. It is assumed that these workers are in storage places or warehouses. The number of people ranges from 5 to 10, and the exposure time ranges from 40h to 2000h (depending on the specific cycle steps). Worker 1 is used to describe the conditions in the furnace plant. The external irradiation mode is a 1 00t scrap iron pile, its length is 351cm, radius is 175cm, and the distance between the person and the pile is 10m. Worker 2 is used to describe the work in the steel preparation plant, and the external lighting pattern is a 10t semi-cylindrical ingot pile, 100m long, 201cm radius. Distance 10m. Worker 3 is used to describe the activities of warehouse workers distributing consumer goods. The external lighting pattern is 6 batches of semi-cylindrical products, with a thickness of 1.2cm, a radius of 138cm, and a distance of 6cm.
5) Operators 1 and 2:
The operating scenarios of the two furnace workers are used to describe two typical working conditions of a small furnace (10t) and a large furnace (100t). It is assumed that for the small furnace, 3 operators work for 50h, and for the large furnace, 3 operators work for 5h, respectively to melt 1 00t steel. The control condition for the first worker is a 100t full cylindrical furnace (charge) with a length of 253cm, a radius of 127cm, and a distance of 3m, and for the second worker is a 10t cylindrical furnace (charge) with a length of 117cm, a radius of 59cm, and a distance of 3m
6) Casters 1, 2, and 3:
The Caster scenario is used to describe the conditions for casting large ingots on small and large furnaces, and the conditions for casting small objects on the small furnace. The small objects are assumed to be industrial products or consumer products (such as fryers). Two casters are assumed to work 25h (Castor 2) on the small furnace, and 2.5h (Castor 1) to cast a 10t ingot on the large furnace. In the small furnace, two casters (Castor 3) are assumed to take 50h to cast the 100t small object, and the first two One caster is assumed to operate a large ingot in the furnace, and the external irradiation uses a 10 t full cylinder model with a length of 100 cm and a radius of 64 cm. It is also assumed that the person is 1.5 m away from the source. The third caster is assumed to operate small objects, and the external irradiation model is a 1 t full cylinder with a thickness of 1 cm, a radius of 201 cm, and a distance of 1 m.
7) Slag operator:
Irradiation conditions assume operation of slag produced from 100 t of recycled steel. It is assumed that 10 workers operate slag on the furnace for 25 h. The nuclide content in the slag is assumed to be 5 Bq/g (assuming that 20% of the initial charge is converted to slag, and all nuclides are assumed to be concentrated in the slag. The external irradiation model is a 100 t half-column slag pile with a length of 455 cm, a radius of 228 cm, and a distance of 1.5 m.8) Plate operator:
Describe the working conditions for operating thin plate steel (either preparation or in charge of work). Assume that there are 15 to 20 workers, working from 1h to 20h. The external irradiation model is a 47kg half-cylinder, 0.2cm thick, 138cm radius, and 1m from the source. 9) Plate rolling worker:
describes the working conditions (first or last steps) of thin plate steel. There are 1 to 5 plate rolling workers, working from 1h to 80h, and the external irradiation is assumed to be a 10t full cylindrical plate, 122cm long, 58cm radius, and 1.5m. In addition to the above steps, possible exposure from consumer products made of contaminated steel or steel slag is also considered. This includes the use of steel slag in asphalt (assuming it is used to build parking lots), building houses with steel plates, manufacturing cars and equipment, and the use of fryers and large equipment. It is assumed that 100t of steel (or 20t of steel slag) is used for manufacturing, and it is assumed that it is used to manufacture one product. The specific number of people and exposure time can be found in Appendix B1. 10) Use of steel slag:
mixed in asphalt. Assume that the parking lot guard works 2000h per year, 40a. The external illumination is a full circle, 10cm thick, 564m in radius, and 1m away. 11) Use of structures:
Assuming that the maximum exposed person is in a room with steel plate walls for 1500h, the wall thickness is 0.2cm, the surface area is 60m2, and the density is 7.86g/cm2, 482
GB 17567---1998
It can be estimated that 940kg of steel plates are used, 1000t of steel can form 110 rooms, with an average of 4 people in each room, a total of 440 people exposed, 500h/a per person, and 40a of external illumination conditions are simulated as 20 steel frames, each of which is assumed to be equivalent to 4 semicircles, 0.2cm thick, 308cm in radius, and 3m away. 12) Use of equipment:
Assuming that recycled steel is used to manufacture equipment, such as cooking stoves, dishwashers or laundry equipment. Each piece requires about 24kg of steel, and a total of 4300 products for private residences are made. The exposure time per person is 1000h/a, and the collective dose is assumed to be 4300 individuals, 500h per year, and 40a. The external exposure model is a small semi-cylindrical source, 0.1cm thick, 69cm radius, and 2m distance. 13) Car use:
For the car body, it is assumed to be three thin cylindrical sources, with a radius of 1.5m and a thickness of 0.1cm. The total steel is 167kg, and 100t of recycled steel can make 600 cars. The maximum individual dose is assumed (such as taxi drivers) for 2000h per year, and the collective dose is assumed to be an average of 2 people per car, who travel 1500km per year at a speed of 50km/h, with a total annual exposure of 300h. The external exposure is simulated as three full cylinders, 0.1cm thick, 150cm radius, and 50cm distance.
14) Use of frying pans:
For home use, considering external exposure and ingestion corrosion of steel, the simulation is - a cylindrical source with a radius of 15 cm, 0.5 cm thick, each containing 3 kg of steel, at a distance of 60 cm. The pan is assumed to be made by a small steelmaking furnace, so a total of 10 tons of steel is assumed to be used, and a total of 3,300 frying pans are produced. The exposure time is 180 h/a (~30 min/d) for the maximum exposed individual and 60 h/a (~75 min/week) for the resident group members. The ingestion dose is calculated based on the assumption that the corrosion rate is 0.13 mm/a. 15) Use of large equipment:
Assume the manufacture of large equipment such as metal lathes, weighing 0.5 tons, and 100 tons of steel can produce 200 units. Workers can operate it near it or directly. Assuming 2000h/a of work in close proximity, the collective dose estimate assumes 200 people working in the vicinity, an average of 1000h per year, and the external exposure condition is assumed to be half the length of a 10t cylinder, 201cm long, 1cm thick, at a distance of 1m. For these analyses, it is assumed that volatiles in the circulating steel can be released through the chimney, 100t of steel is processed per year, the facility life is 20a, and downwind exposure includes inhalation, surface external exposure, and ingestion of contaminated food. B1.2.2 Estimation of worker exposure dose
B1.2.2.1 External exposure dose estimation formula
The effective external exposure dose due to nuclide i is estimated by the following formula: Hext it·Cw.·DFext-i-·WP·(Bl)
Where: Hext·i.--Annual effective external exposure dose due to radionuclide i in the corresponding external exposure category s shown in Appendix B1 (Sv/a). t-Personal exposure time (h/a), see Appendix Bl. Cw.:--The initial concentration of radionuclide i in the material released for recycling (Bq/g), assumed to be 1Bq/g. For the effective dose conversion factor [(Sv/h)/(Bq/g)] for the corresponding external exposure category s, nuclide i, see Appendix B3. DFext.i s-
W-The ratio of the total amount of exempted materials to the total amount of recycled materials, take 1.0. - Number of people exposed, see Appendix B1.
In the calculation of external exposure dose for steel recycling, the external exposure dose conversion factor must simulate the material into four geometric conditions: cylinder, semi-cylinder, disk source and line source according to the recycling situation. Attached Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of cylindrical and semi-cylindrical sources. Attached Figure 1 Schematic diagram of cylindrical and semi-cylindrical sources In the formula, L is the length of the cylinder;
D…-The distance from the irradiated position A on the axis of the cylinder to the end face. Different recovery scenarios have different exposure categories, and their parameters are shown in Appendix B1. The geometry and related parameters of the 483
GB 17567—1998
source corresponding to different external exposure categories are shown in Appendix B2. The external exposure dose conversion factor can be found in Appendix B3. B1.2.2.2 Method for estimating inhalation internal exposure dose The calculation of the accumulated effective dose caused by inhalation of aerosol of nuclide i is based on the following formula: Hinh-i =E·t·DFinhi ·W(Ca-Cw.i +C.- ·RF·TFinh.) In the formula: Hunh-
-the accumulated effective dose after inhalation of nuclide i in a year (Sv/a); ≤-----respiratory rate (m\/h), take 1.2m/h; t
personal exposure time (h/a), see Appendix B1; W--the ratio of the total amount of exempted materials to the total amount of recovered materials, take 1.0; -the accumulated effective dose after inhalation of 1Bq of nuclide i (Sv/Bq), see Appendix B4; DFi nh.i.
C. Inhalable dust concentration in the air (g/m), see Appendix Bl; C.. Undiluted concentration of nuclide i of exempted materials to be recycled (Bq/g), take 1.0Bq/g; C..
TFinhi-
Surface contamination concentration (Bq/cm2), take 1.0; -Surface activity resuspension factor (m-1), take 10%; Surface activity inhalation conversion factor (m\1), take 10-2. B1.2.2.3 Method for estimating personal dose of ingestion internal exposure The general equation for estimating the accumulated effective dose due to ingestion in the recycling scenario is: Hing.i - t DFing-i .W.(Ii-Ca + I,. TFingi · C.) In the formula: Hing·
The accumulated effective dose after ingestion of nuclide i within one year (Sv/a); Personal exposure time (h/a), see Appendix Bl; The ratio of the total amount of exempted materials to the total amount of recovered materials, take 1.0; W
DFing·i
The accumulated effective dose after ingestion of 1Bg of nuclide i (Sv/Bq), now Appendix B4; The secondary ingestion rate of transferable surface contamination (g/h), take 0.01; Ca——Concentration of ingestible dust in the air (g/m\), see Appendix B1; 12--
TFing·i
The secondary ingestion rate of transferable surface contamination (m2/h), take 10-*Ingestion conversion factor of surface activity (m-\), take 0.01; Surface contamination concentration (Bg/cm2), take 1.0. B1.2.3 Method for estimating the radiation dose to residents downwind of the smoke plume B1.2.3.1 Internal radiation caused by inhalation Cai = Ci·R·F,-XW
C.-- =C... V.. · D(0)
C..; -V.-i - Ci · I.(0)
Ci.. -V.. · Ca.. - F..(0)
Hinhi =- (C.. + C...)E· t . DFimh.i - time-integrated concentration of nuclide i in the air (Bq·m-3); where; Ca.i--
X - diffusion factor (s·m-3);
R - average melting rate (g·s-1);
C. deposition concentration of nuclide i on the surface (Bq·m-2);V. .i---Deposition rate of nuclide i (m· s-2); C..-Resuspension concentration (Bqm23),
(B4)
· (B5)
(B6)
· (B7)
· (B8)
i is the specific activity of nuclide i in food i (Bq·kg\); - Time integral of percentage attenuation loss of nuclide i from the surface due to nuclide decay or weather and other reasons (s). D.(0)-
GB17567-
enter g
Time integral of resuspension factor (m-!, s); 1.(0)
F.(の)--·The time-integrated concentration of nuclide i entering plant j through surface pollution = 20a［(Bq·a·11)/（Bq·m-2)] or [(Bq·a·kg-1)/(Bq·m-2)]; furnace opening time (s);
--·The proportion of radioactive scrap steel in processed scrap steel; F
DFinh·i
The proportion of nuclides released into the atmosphere in an inhalable form; ·The specific activity of nuclide i in scrap steel (Bq·g-1); The committed effective dose (Sv) generated by the practical intake of nuclide i in one year through inhalation; Inhalation internal exposure dose conversion factor (Sv·Bq-1). B1.2.3.2 External exposure from plume
Hexi (Ca.i . DFpE-i ·Gp. Sp.i + Ci DFpe.i ·GD Sn.i)- tWhere: Hext.
Annual effective dose of external exposure produced by nuclide i (Sv/a);...(Bg )
Effective dose rate of external exposure produced by unit concentration of nuclide i in air [(Sv·S-1)/(Bq·m-3)]; DFpE -
-Time-integrated effective dose rate produced by unit deposition surface density of nuclide i [（Sv·S-\)/（Bq·m2)]; Gp, Gp
Sp.i, Sp.i
are the geometric positive factors of external exposure from plume (P) or ground sediment (D), respectively: they are the shielding factors of external exposure produced by nuclide i in plume (P) or ground sediment (D), respectively. B1.2.3.3 Internal exposure through ingestion
Hingi-j = Ci.- · Q, · A, · DFing.Wu Zhong: Hing·
DFing·
The committed effective dose (Sv/a) resulting from the practical intake of radionuclide i in one year through inhalation; the intake rate of food i (kg·al);
The share of the contaminated amount in the annual intake of food i; the conversion factor for internal exposure through ingestion (Sv·Bq=1). Table B1 Scenario parameters for estimating individual and collective doses for steel recycling and utilization scenarios Recycling steps
Scenario to be considered
Material transport
1.1 Loaders 1
1.2 Truck drivers
Material handling
[Industry products
or by-products
2.1 Processing (cutting machine, shaping) workers
3.1 Furnace stockyard workers 1
3.2 Furnace crane 1 (b)
3.2 Furnace crane 2
3.3 Furnace operator 1(c)
3.3 Furnace operator 2
4.1 Large ingot caster 1(d)
14.1 Large ingot caster 2
External exposure category
Internal exposure pathways
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Personal exposure Exposure time
Collective exposure time
Air concentration
(B10)
Number of people exposed
Recovery steps
Scenario to be considered
4.2 Small casting worker 3
4.3 Slag collector
4.4 Truck loader 2
4.5 Truck driver 2
Preliminary preparation
5.1 Preparation plant stockyard worker
5.2 Preparation plant thin plate worker
5.3 Coiler||tt ||Final manufacturing6.1 Sheet metal worker
6.2 Roll work
[7.1 Truck loader 2
7.2 Truck driver 2
7.3 Construction, assembly worker
7.4 Warehouse worker 3
Consumer use8.1 Parking lot
8.2 Room
8.3 Appliance
8.4 Car
8.5 Wok
8.6 Large equipment
Exhaust emissions9.1 Downwind individual
GB 17567—1998
Table B1 (End)
External exposure category
Internal exposure pathways
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Inhalation and ingestion
Personal exposure time Air concentration Collective exposure time h
1The category represents the specific geometric conditions, source radius, thickness and density used to calculate the effective dose factor for external exposure, as shown in Appendix B2. 22 types of loader and unloader indicate: "loader 1" refers to the 100t smelter, "loader 2" refers to the 10t smelter. 32 types of furnace operators indicate: "operator 1" refers to the 100t smelter, "operator 2\ refers to the 10t smelter. Number of people exposed
43 types of casters indicate: "caster 1" refers to the 100t smelter, "caster 2\ refers to the 10t smelter, both refer to ingot casters, "caster 3" refers to small object casters.
5 "" indicates that this route is not considered.
6 Immersion and surface external exposure.
7 By assuming that the average diffusion factor is equal to 5×107s·m3, the average pollution concentration (Bq/m2) is calculated. 486
External exposure category
xxI (d)
XXV (f)
GB 17567—1998
Table B2 Description of irradiation sources for external exposure categories in steel recycling and reuse of tools and equipment Description of sources
25t scrap pile
20t Ka4 cargo
0.5t scrap cargo
100t scrap pile
50t scrap pile
100t steel charging furnace
10t steel charging furnace
10t metal ingot
1t casting
100 slag pile
5×10t ingot
2×101 ingotwww.bzxz.net
5×10t ingot
47kg steel plate
6 steel plates
Asphalt, slag, parking lot
20 steel plates
Consumer goods, such as ovens, washing machines, etc.
3 steel plates (cars)
1 frying pan
Small objects
Small objects
Large equipment
Large equipment
Shape of source
1 semi-cylinder| |tt||1 half cylinder
1 half cylinder
1 half cylinder
1 half cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
1 full cylinder
4 Half cylinder
1 Half cylinder
3 Full cylinder
1 Full cylinder
1 Half disk
1 Half disk
Shielded line source
2 Disk
1 Full cylinder
1 Assuming 2.5cm furnace wall (iron) and 30.5cm thick refractory bricks (lead) for shielding 2 Assuming the activity is 1Bq/g after mixing with polluted and non-polluted furnace. 3 Assuming the specific activity after dilution with other asphalt is 0.037Bu/g. 1 Assuming the surface activity of the first of the four disk surfaces is 1Bq/cm2. 5 Assuming the activity is 63Bg/cm2 and a 0.5cm thick aluminum box. 6 Assuming the surface activity of each disk is 1Bg/cm. 7 Large casting, a volume source, the dose rate is calculated as half of the zone class value. Length L
Radius R
Distance D)
External exposure category
XxI(a)
xxl (a)
XN (a)
GB17567—1998
Table B3 Effective dose rate factors of nuclides for external exposure categories under the scenario of contaminated steel recycling and utilization (Sv/h)/(Bq/g)
1. 4×10~9
5. 1×10 :9
7.5×10-1n
1.9×1010
1.4×10-8
1. 0×10-9
1.8×10-9
2.1×10-9
1. 2×10-8
5.5×10-10
2.0×10-9
5.8×10-9
1.1×10-10
1.4×10-4
5. 9×10-10
2.5×10to
2.7×10-1
3.2×10-10
9.4×10-1.5
2. 7×10-15
7.1×10-16
1.1×10-15
1.3×10-14
9. 9×10-14
3.2×10-18
2.0×10-15
5.9×10-15
1. 4×10-17
4.0×10~14
1. 1× 10-14
1. 7×10-16
1.1×10-14
3.3×10-14
3. 4×10-15
5.1×10-13
8.6×10-15
1.3×10~12
1.9×10-12
2.3×10-12
1 .4×10-8
1.2×10-8
3.2×10-9
4.6×10-9
1.7×10-8
3.2×10-9
8.2×10 -10
4.7×10-8
8.8X10- 8
3.3×10-9
6.0×10~5
3.9×10-8
1.7×10~9
1.8×10-8
3.5×10 -
4.3×10-8
1.8×10-9
7.5×1010
8.3×10-1t0
9.8×10~10
2.3×10-9
8.9×10-10
5. 4×1010
1.4×10-10
1.8×10 ~8
6.5×10-10
6.4×10-9
5. 5X 10-9
7.7×10-5
3.5×10~0
7.2×10-1
8.8×10 9
3.7×10~10
1.6×101h
1.7×10-10
2.0×10-10
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.