This standard specifies the radiation health protection requirements for industrial X-ray flaw detection equipment and flaw detection workplaces and related personnel. This standard applies to the production and use of industrial X-ray flaw detection equipment below 500kV. GB 16357-1996 Industrial X-ray Flaw Detection Radiation Health Protection Standard GB16357-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radiological protection standards for industrial X-ray detectionRadiological protection standards for industrial X-ray detection1 Subject content and scope of application
GB16357—1996
This standard specifies the requirements for radiological protection of industrial X-ray flaw detection devices and flaw detection workplaces and related personnel. This standard applies to the production and use of industrial X-ray flaw detection devices (hereinafter referred to as X-ray devices) below 500kV. 2 Referenced standards
GB4792 Basic standards for radiological protection
3 Terminology
3.1 X-ray special flaw detection room flaw detection (hereinafter referred to as flaw detection room flaw detection) is the process of X-ray transillumination inspection of internal defects of objects in special flaw detection rooms. 3.2 X-ray on-site flaw detection (hereinafter referred to as on-site flaw detection) is the process of X-ray transillumination inspection of internal defects of objects using mobile or portable X-ray flaw detection devices outdoors, in production workshops or at installation sites. www.bzxz.net
3.3 Flaw Detection Room
Irradiation room where X-ray devices and objects to be inspected are placed for X-ray transillumination inspection and has a certain shielding effect on radiation. 4 Requirements for radiological health protection of X-ray flaw detection devices 4.1 Technical requirements for protection
4.1.1 X-ray tube head
4.1.1.1 The assembly of the mobile or fixed X-ray device tube head should be able to be fixed and locked in any required position. 4.1.1.2 The X-ray tube head should be equipped with a beam limiting device. 4.1.1.3 The aperture of the X-ray tube head window shall not be larger than the required size for the rated maximum useful beam emission. 4.1.1.4 The X-ray tube head must have the following markings: a.
Manufacturer name or trademark;
Model and serial number;
Rated tube voltage and rated tube current of the X-ray tube; c.
The position of the focus;
e. Date of manufacture.
4.1.2 Leakage air kerma rate
Under rated working conditions, the leakage air kerma rate of the X-ray device at 1m away from the focus of the X-ray tube shall meet the following requirements: Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on May 23, 1996 120
Implementation on December 1, 1996
Tube voltage, kv
150~200
4.1.3 Controller
GB163571996
Leakage air kerma rate, mGy·h\12.5
4.1.3.1 The controller must be equipped with a display device for turning the X-ray tube voltage on or off, the X-ray tube voltage and tube current, and the exposure time. 4.1.3.2 X-ray devices operating at a fixed tube voltage or a fixed tube current must have a value indicating the tube voltage or tube current on the controller.
4.1.3.3 The controller must be equipped with an external alarm or indication device for high voltage connection. 4.1.4 Connection cable
For mobile or portable X-ray devices, the connection cable between the controller and the X-ray tube head or high voltage generator shall not be shorter than 20m. 4.1.5 Product manual
The product manual shall indicate the model, specifications, main technical indicators and protection performance of the X-ray device. 4.2 Test conditions for the air kerma rate of radiation leakage a. The maximum useful beam cross-sectional area of ​​the X-ray tube head window is shielded with 10 half-value layers of absorbing materials [see Appendix B (reference;
b. Under rated working conditions, the air specific energy release rate on the spherical surface with a radius of 1m and the focus as the center is measured by a dose rate meter, which should be the average measurement value over an area of ​​100cm2;
c. The error of leakage radiation monitoring should be less than 30%. 4.3 Acceptance rules
4.3.1 Whether the protection performance of the X-ray device meets the requirements of this standard should be inspected by the inspection department of the production unit and sampled by the radiation health protection supervision department.
4.3.2 In the following cases, type tests should be carried out (inspections should be carried out according to the items specified in this standard). a.
Before new products or old products are transferred to the factory for production;
b. For products in continuous production, it should be done at least once a year; when the product is put into production again after an interval of more than one year;
d. When there are changes in the design, process or materials of the product, which may affect the protective performance of the product. The type tests a and d should be participated by the radiation health protection supervision agency designated by the provincial health administrative department of the location. The type test results should be submitted to the agency for record.
5 Requirements for radiation health protection in X-ray flaw detection workplaces 5.1 X-ray flaw detection in dedicated flaw detection rooms
5.1.1 The setting of dedicated flaw detection rooms must fully consider the surrounding radiation safety, and the flaw detection room must be separated from the operating room. 5.1.2 The shielding design of the flaw detection room should fully consider the direction and range of useful beam irradiation, the workload of the device and the outdoor conditions to ensure that the radiation protection of outdoor personnel meets the requirements of GB4792. 5 .1.3 The protection performance of the door of the flaw detection room should be the same as that of the wall on the same side, and a door-machine interlocking safety device and an irradiation signal indicator should be installed. The X-ray device can only perform transillumination inspection after the door is closed. 5.1.4 The window of the flaw detection room must avoid the irradiation direction of the useful wire beam and should have the shielding protection performance of the wall on the same side. 5.2 X-ray on-site flaw detection operation
5.2.1 When performing transillumination inspection, factors such as the distance between the controller and the X-ray tube and the object to be inspected, the irradiation direction, time and shielding conditions must be considered to ensure that the exposure dose of the flaw detection operator is lower than the dose limit and should reach the lowest level that can be reasonably achieved. 5.2.2 When performing transillumination inspection, the air around the object to be inspected can be classified as control 1 if the kerma rate is above 40μGy·h-1. 21
GB16357—1996
area [For special circumstances, see Appendix A (Supplement)], a clearly visible "No entry to X-ray area" sign must be hung on its boundary, and flaw detection workers should operate outside the boundary of the control area, otherwise protective measures must be taken. 5.2.3 When conducting transillumination inspection, the air kerma rate outside the boundary of the control area is within the range of 4μGy·h-1 or above, which can be classified as a management area. Warning signs such as signal lights, bells, and warning ropes must be set up on its boundaries, and a clearly visible "No entry for unauthorized personnel" warning sign must be hung. If necessary, a special person should be on guard. It should also be noted that there should not be members of the public who often stay near the boundary of the management area. 6 Radiation protection monitoring
6.1 Personal dose monitoring of on-site flaw detection workers must be strengthened. 6.2 After the completion of the dedicated flaw detection room, acceptance monitoring must be carried out, and when the working conditions change, attention should be paid to site monitoring. 6.3 When the working conditions and site changes of on-site flaw detection, the site must be monitored and the determined control area and management area must be verified. 122
GB16357-1996
Appendix A
Determination of control area and management area for X-ray on-site flaw detection operation (supplement)
A1 The air kerma rate at the boundary of the control area is set at 40μGy·h1, which is calculated based on three-tenths of the annual personal dose equivalent limit of radiation workers (15mSv) and the actual weekly start-up time of 7.5h. If the actual weekly start-up time t is greater than 7.5h, the air kerma rate at the boundary of the control area should be calculated as follows:
(Al)
Where: K—air kerma rate at the boundary of the control area, μGy·h-1; t actual weekly start-up time, h.
At the same time, the air kerma rate at the boundary of the management area also changes accordingly. Appendix B
X-ray shielding material half-value layer
(reference)
B1 Approximate half-value layer of wide X-ray beam shielding materials See Table B1.
Approximate half-value layer of wide X-ray beam of lead and concrete X-ray tube voltage
Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. Lead
Concrete
This standard was drafted by the Institute of Radiation Medicine of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences and Dandong Instrumentation Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Su Xieming, He Guodong, Deng Daping, etc. This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health's Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. 123
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