Some standard content:
QX/T20--2003
Normative reference documents
Terms and definitions
Product composition
Technical requirements
Test methods
Inspection rules
8Marking, packaging, transportation, storage·
9Completeness of products·
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Performance index requirements for indoor testing equipment and temperature test chambers 1111174#
QX/T20-2003
Direct pyrheliometer (also known as direct solar irradiation meter) is an instrument used to measure solar radiation. It is connected to a special recorder or electrical measuring instrument to measure direct solar radiation.
This standard is mainly compiled with reference to domestic manufacturing product standards and technical data related to the meteorological industry. This standard is proposed by the National Meteorological Metrology Station. Appendix A of this standard is an informative appendix.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Monitoring Network Department of the China Meteorological Administration. This standard was drafted by the National Meteorological Metrology Station, and the Atmospheric Detection Center of the China Meteorological Science Academy and Changchun Meteorological Instrument Factory participated in the drafting.
The main drafters of this standard are: Lv Wenhua, Yang Yun, Wang Jingye, Hu Yufeng, Mo Yueqin, Wang Dong, Zhang Lijuan. This standard is published for the first time.
1 Scope
Direct pyrheliometer
QX/T20--2003
This standard specifies the composition, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and completeness of working-level thermoelectric direct pyrheliometers (hereinafter referred to as direct pyrheliometers). This standard is applicable to instruments used to measure direct solar radiation in meteorological, agricultural, industrial, national defense, scientific research and other departments. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version is applicable to this standard. GB/T12936.1-1991 Terminology of solar thermal utilization Part 1 GB/T14890-1994 Calibration method of working direct solar radiation meter GB/T2423.1-1989 Basic environmental test procedures for electric and electronic products Test A: Low temperature test method GB/T2423.2-1989 Basic environmental test procedures for electric and electronic products Test B: High temperature test method GB/T2423.4-1993 Basic environmental test procedures for electric and electronic products Test Db: Alternating damp heat test method JB/T9329-1999 Basic environmental conditions and test methods for transportation and storage of instruments and meters JJG456-1992 Verification procedures for direct solar radiation meter 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Direct solar radiation Direct solar radiation The radiation from the sun's surface (viewing angle of about 0.5°) and the scattered radiation from the very narrow annular sky around the sun are called direct solar radiation. 3.2
Irradiance
The radiation power falling on the unit area of the receiver. The unit is W·m-2.3.3
Solar altitude
refers to the altitude angle of the center of the solar disk, that is, the angular distance from the horizon of the observation point along the horizontal meridian where the sun is located to the center of the solar disk. 3.4
Sensitivity
The ratio of the output electrical signal to the direct radiation. The unit is μV·W-1·m2.3.5
response time
Response time
When the instrument input has a step change, the time required for the instrument output to change from one steady-state value to another steady-state value. The unit is s. 3.6
Non-linearity
Non-linearity
Sensitivity changes under different irradiances.
QX/T 20—2003
Temperature response Temperature response Change in sensitivity caused by changes in ambient temperature. 4 Product composition
4.1 Composition
The direct radiation meter consists of a sensing element, a light tube, a solar tracker and accessories. 4.2
Sensing element
The sensing element consists of a sensing surface and a thermopile. When the sensing surface receives radiation, the thermopile generates a temperature difference electromotive force, the magnitude of which is proportional to the amount of radiation received.
4.3 Light tube
It is a metal cylinder with multiple layers of blackened annular light bars inside the cylinder, and a glass sheet that can transmit wavelengths of 0.3μm to 3.0μm is installed at the mouth. Its aperture is defined by the half-opening angle α and the bevel angle β (see Figure 1). The α of a general working-level direct pyrheliometer is 2.5°～5.5, and β is 1~2°. The recommended values are α=2.5°, β=1°. They are expressed by formulas (1) and (2):
α = arctan(R/d)
β= arctan[(R -r)/d]
Where:
R--radius of the light-entry front hole;
-radius of the sensing surface;
d--distance from the front hole to the sensing surface.
Figure 1 Geometric dimensions of the α and β angles of the direct pyrheliometer light-entry tube 4.4 Solar tracker
The solar tracker is a device that fixes the light source and makes it track the sun. It is a horizontal solar tracker driven by altitude and azimuth respectively, or an equatorial solar tracker with adjustable declination and rotating in the direction and speed of diurnal motion. 4.5 Accessories
Instrument base (with north and south azimuth lines engraved), light-entry protective cover, etc. 5 Technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The coating of the induction surface should be matte black paint, and its surface should be flat, uniform, firm, non-reflective, without spots, cracks, falling off and foreign matter adhesion.
QX/T20—2003
5.1.2 The apertures in the light tube should be close to the inner wall of the light tube, and should not be loose with each other. Their arrangement should make the light inlet channel appear conical. The outward surface of each aperture should be a reflective surface, and the inward surface should be painted black. 5.1.3 The light tube with glass windows should be well sealed, and there should be no foreign matter adhesion and water vapor condensation on the inner surface of the glass window. 5.1.4 The thickness of the glass sheet should be uniform, without obvious defects such as bubbles, air filaments, spots, scratches, water marks, stones, etc. 5.1.5 The installation of each component should be correct and reliable, and the movable part should be able to rotate smoothly and flexibly, without looseness, deformation and other defects that affect use.
5.1.6 The light shield (protective cover) of the instrument should be tight enough and easy to remove and cover. 5.1.7 The protective layer on the surface of the instrument should be firm and uniform, and should not have defects such as falling off and rusting; the parts and accessories of the instrument should not be made of easily corroded materials. 5.1.8 The scale lines, numbers and marking lines should be clear. 5.1.9 The lead wires of the instrument should have fixed positive and negative pole marks. 5.1.10 The horizontal adjustment screw can rotate flexibly. The parts and accessories of the instrument should not be made of easily corroded materials. The instrument should have a permanent nameplate, and the logo and characters should be clear, complete and eye-catching. 5. 1. 11
5.2 Performance indicators
5.2.1 Insulation resistance between the thermopile and the instrument substrate: ≥1MQ. 5.2.2 Internal resistance; ≤300 Q.
5.2.3 Allowable sensitivity range: 7 μV·W-1·m2～14 μV． W-1·m2. 5.2.4 Response time (99% response): ≤35s. 5.2.5 Tracking error of direct pyrheliometer solar tracker: 1°/24h. 5.2.6 Nonlinear error: ≤2%.
5.2.7 Temperature error (-40℃～+40℃): ≤3%. 5.2.8 Annual stability: ≤2%.
5.3 Environmental conditions for use
5.3.1 Temperature: -40℃～+50℃;
5.3.2 Relative humidity: 0%~100%.
5.3.3 Transportation: After packaging, the product should be able to pass the test specified in JB/T9329. 6 Test methodWww.bzxZ.net
6.1 Test environmental conditions
6.1.1 When measuring insulation resistance, the relative humidity is ≤80%. 6.1.2 Outdoor test environmental conditions:
a) The sky is clear, the sun altitude angle is ≥15°, and there shall be no clouds, smoke, etc. within the range of 15° viewing angle centered on the sun; b) The air temperature is 5℃～35℃, the wind speed is ≤5m·s-1, and the relative humidity is ≤80%. 6.1.3 Indoor test environmental conditions:
a) Indoor test equipment should be installed in a dark room and covered with a black curtain, and testers should wear dark work clothes. b) The irradiance of artificial light source can be adjusted within the range of 250W·m-2～1250W·m-2 when the incident light is perpendicular to the sensing surface of the instrument.
c) The room temperature is 20℃±5℃, and the relative humidity is ≤80%. 6.2 Test instruments and equipment
All test instruments and equipment shall meet the product test requirements and be within the validity period of metrological verification. 6.2.1 Standard direct radiation meter.
6.2.2 Digital multimeter or radiation data acquisition device with a resolution of 1μV and a level of 0.05. 6.2.3 Megohmmeter with a voltage of 100V.
6.2.4 Stopwatch.
QX/T20—2003
6.2.5 Radiation instrument indoor test equipment (see Appendix A). 6.2.6 Temperature test chamber (see Appendix A).
6.3 General inspection
6.3.1 The inspection of 5.1.1 to 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 to 5.1.11 shall be carried out by visual inspection combined with manual adjustment. 6.3.25.1.3 The inspection method is: place the instrument in an environment with a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and a relative humidity of 90% for 4 hours, then move it to an environment with a temperature of 0℃±1℃, and check whether there is condensation on the inner surface of the glass window. 6.4 Performance test
Generally, only direct radiation meters that have passed the inspection can be tested for performance. 6.4.1 Insulation resistance test
6.4.1.1 Test equipment
A megohmmeter with a voltage of 100V.
6.4.1.2 Test method
The test end of the megohmmeter is connected to one output end of the instrument and the metal part of the base respectively, and the measured resistance is the insulation resistance. The test result should meet the requirements of 5.2.1.
6.4.2 Internal resistance test
6.4.2.1 Test equipment
A digital multimeter with a level of 0.05 and a resolution of 1μV. 6.4.2.2 Test method
a) Cover the instrument shading cover and measure directly with the ohm range of the digital multimeter. b) Reverse the polarity, measure at least twice, and take the average value as the measurement result (rounded to the decimal point). The test result should meet the requirements of 5.2.2.
6.4.3 Sensitivity test
6.4.3.1 Test instrument
Standard direct pyrheliometer, 0.05-level, 1μV resolution digital multimeter or radiation data collector. 6.4.3.2 Test method
a) Calculate that the solar altitude angle on the day is greater than 15° and meets other outdoor test environment conditions, place the standard direct pyrheliometer and the instrument under test on the outdoor platform at the same time (the distance between the standard direct pyrheliometer and the instrument under test is not more than 20m), adjust the north-south line on the base of the direct pyrheliometer to align with the north-south direction, and turn on the driving power supply with automatic tracking device. The electrical measuring instrument is placed in a cool place outdoors to avoid direct sunlight. Remove dust from the glass window, adjust the level of the instrument, and correctly connect it to the electrical measuring instrument (digital multimeter or radiation data collector).
b) Remove the sunshade and check the size and stability of the instrument output signal; before the formal measurement, all instruments and meters should be preheated for more than half an hour.
Remove the sunshade of the standard direct pyrheliometer and the instrument under test, aim at the sun, cover the sunshade after preheating for 2 minutes, and read the zero value of all instruments after two minutes. The reading is rounded to microvolts. Remove the sunshade of the standard direct pyrheliometer and the instrument under test, aim at the sun, and after stabilization for 2 minutes, measure the direct solar radiation of the standard direct pyrheliometer and the instrument under test at the same time. The sampling interval is not less than 10s, and the number of measurements is not less than 20 times (generally between 10h and 14h local time). At the same time, record the average temperature during the measurement period. e) After the reading is completed, cover the sunshade, and after 2 minutes, re-measure the zero value of each instrument. f) During the formal sampling test, personnel are not allowed to approach to avoid blocking or reflecting sunlight and affecting the measurement results. 6.4.3.3 Data Processing
a) According to the instantaneous values collected simultaneously by the standard instrument and the instrument under test (after zero correction), the ratio F() of each measurement is calculated according to formula (3) (rounded to three decimal places):
Where:
The average value of the ith output value of the instrument under test minus two zero values; V
Vo(i)—the average value of the ith output value of the standard instrument minus two zero values. b) For n measurement data, the average value F of the final ratio is determined according to formula (4): 12Fo
The sensitivity K of the instrument under test is calculated according to formula (5): c)
K=K·F
Where:
K. The sensitivity of the standard direct pyrheliometer, μV.W-1·m2. The calculated result of K value is rounded to two decimal places. The standard deviation s of a single measurement value is calculated according to formula (6): e)
(F)-F)2
QX/T20-2003
·(3)
(4)
(6))
If the difference between F( and F is 3s, the data should be deleted. After the data is deleted, the F and K values should be recalculated. The test results should meet the requirements of 5.2.3.
6.4.4 Response time test
6.4.4.1 Test equipment
Digital multimeter or radiation data collector with a resolution of 1μV at level 0.05, stopwatch, indoor test equipment. 6.4.4.2 Test method
a) It can be carried out outdoors in sunlight or on indoor test equipment, and can be a light shielding test or an exposure test. b) When taking the light shielding test, calculate the measurement point position P of the response time according to formula (7): y-Vo+V.
Where:
V reading, that is, the output value of the instrument during exposure; V. - zero value.
c) Take the average value of three measurements as the measurement result of the response time. The test result should meet the requirements of 5.2.4.
6.4.5 Tracking error test
6.4.5.1 Test equipment
Special inspection measuring tool.
6.4.5.2 Test method
(7)
Install and adjust the direct radiation meter horizontally according to the geographical latitude and north-south direction so that it can track the sun correctly, that is, the light spot is facing the center of the light target a).
After the direct radiation meter automatically tracks for 24 hours, check the instrument and record the position of the light spot. b) Calculate the tracking error Aa according to formula (8):
Aa - arctan
Wherein:
The deviation distance between the light spot and the light target;
L-the distance from the light hole on the light tube to the light target. AS
QX/T 20-2003
Repeat the inspection three times using the same method as above. The test results should meet the requirements of 5.2.5.
6.4.6 Test of nonlinear error
6.4.6.1 Test equipment
Digital multimeter or radiation data collector with a resolution of 1uV and 0.05 level, indoor test equipment. 6.4.6.2 Test method
a) Carry out the test under the conditions of indoor test. The irradiance when the incident light is perpendicular to the instrument sensing surface is required to be 250Wm-2, 500W·m-2, 750W*m-2, and 1000W·m-2, respectively, and the sensitivity of the instrument under each irradiance is measured. b) Based on the sensitivity of the 500W·m~2 irradiance instrument, the nonlinear error under each irradiance is calculated according to formula (9): 8, =
Where:
K: sensitivity at each test point,
K5oo--sensitivity when the irradiance is 500W·m-2. The test results should meet the requirements of 5.2.6.
6.4.7 Temperature error test
6.4.7.1 Test equipment
×100%
0.05 level, 1μV resolution digital multimeter or radiation data collector, indoor test equipment, radiation instrument temperature test box. 6.4.7.2 Test method
a) The instrument is placed in the radiation instrument temperature test box, and the incident light is vertically irradiated on the instrument sensing surface through the test window. The irradiance is above 500W·m-2. The temperature test range is -40℃ to +40℃. The test points are -40℃, -20℃, 0℃, +20℃, and +40℃.
b) Read the instrument output value at different temperature points, and then calculate the temperature error of each point relative to this point according to formula (10) based on 20℃:
Where:
1-%|×100%
N, the instrument output value at each different temperature point; Nzo
the instrument output value at -20℃.
The test result should meet the requirements of 5.2.7.
6.4.8 One-year stability test
During the test, the direct radiation meter is stored in natural conditions with an indoor temperature of (20±15)°C and a relative humidity of ≤90%. 6.4.8.1 Test equipment
0.05-level, 1μV resolution digital multimeter or radiation data collector, indoor test equipment. 6.4.8.2 Test method
·（10）
The test is carried out under indoor test conditions. The sensing surface of the test instrument should be perpendicular to the incident light, and the total irradiance is 1 000 Wm-2±10 Wm-2.
a) Place the pyranometer on the workbench and take the first set of 10 readings of the pyranometer. The time interval between each reading is 10s~15s (the following readings are the same).
b) Place the instrument under test on the workbench and take 10 readings of the instrument under test. c) Place the pyranometer again and take the second set of 10 readings. 6.4.8.3 Data processing
a) Calculate the average value A of the first and second sets of measurement data of the pyranometer according to formula (11): 6
Where:
A——the average value of the first set of 10 readings of the pyranometer; A2
the average value of the second set of 10 readings of the pyranometer. b) Calculate the corresponding sensitivity K of the instrument under test according to formula (12): A+Az
K,=K.
Where:
K. —
Sensitivity of the pyranometer, μV. W-1·m2; the average value of 10 readings of the instrument under test.
c) Within one year, test indoors once every three months using the same method, and calculate the annual stability k according to formula (13): Km×100%
k =1—1
Where:
The maximum corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year; the average value of the corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year. The test results shall meet the requirements of 5.2.8.
6.4.9 Low temperature test
Perform according to the relevant provisions of Ab in GB/T2423.1. The test parameters are as follows: Test temperature: 40℃±2℃;
Duration: 2h;
Temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.10 High temperature test
The test parameters are as follows: Test temperature: 50℃±2℃;
Duration: 2h;
Temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.11 Cyclic damp heat test
QX/T20--2003
（11）
( 12 ）
·（13）
Perform the test in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.4, with a high temperature of 55℃, a relative humidity of 95%±3%, and a test period of 24h. The instrument should be able to work normally.
6.4.12 Transport test
Perform the test in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329. After the test, the instrument structure has no cracks, obvious deformation, looseness, etc., and the instrument should be able to work normally.
Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
The inspections specified in this standard are divided into:
a) type inspection;
b) factory inspection.
7.2 Inspection Grouping
The type inspection and factory inspection specified in this standard are divided into the following three inspection groups: QX/T 20-2003
a) Group A inspection: consisting of appearance inspection, structural inspection, etc. b) Group B inspection: mainly performance test
c) Group C inspection: environmental condition test.
7.3 Inspection Items
See Table 1 for inspection items.
Table 1 Inspection Items
Group A Inspection
Group B Inspection
Insulation Resistance
Sensitivity
Response Time
Tracking Error
Inspection Items
Non-linear Error
Temperature Error
Annual Stability
Group C Inspection
Low Temperature Inspection
High Temperature Inspection
Cyclic Humidity Inspection
Transportation Inspection
● indicates items that must be inspected;
○ indicates items that must be inspected when necessary.
7.4 Inspection Standards and Equipment
Type Inspection
Factory Inspection
Inspection standards should be traceable, and inspection equipment should be within the validity period of verification. 7.5 Defect determination
7.5.1 Classification
This standard stipulates that defects are divided into major defects and minor defects. 7.5.2 Major defects
The error of the performance index detected exceeds the specified range. 7.5.3 Minor defects
Only the appearance is defective, but it does not affect the performance of the instrument. 7.6 Type inspection
Type inspection is a series of complete inspections for several samples of this model. 7.6.1 The purpose of the inspection
is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following circumstances:
When a new product is finalized;
When there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed;
When regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the A~C group inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the fault should be eliminated and the next inspection can be carried out only after the inspection is qualified again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the inspections of A~C groups are qualified. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.3 Data Processing
a) Calculate the average value A of the first and second groups of measured data of the pyranometer according to formula (11): 6
Where:
A——the average value of the first group of 10 readings of the pyranometer; A2
the average value of the second group of 10 readings of the pyranometer. b) Calculate the corresponding sensitivity K of the measured instrument according to formula (12): A+Az
K,=K.
Where:
K. —
sensitivity of the pyranometer, μV. W-1·m2; the average value of 10 readings of the measured instrument.
c) Within one year, the same method is used to test indoors once every three months, and the annual stability k is calculated according to formula (13): Km×100%
k =1-1
Wherein:
The maximum corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year; The average value of the corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year. The test results should meet the requirements of 5.2.8.
6.4.9 Low temperature test
The test should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.1 Ab. The test parameters are as follows: Test temperature: 40℃±2℃;
Duration: 2h;
Temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.10 High temperature test
The test should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.2 Bb. The test parameters are as follows: test temperature: 50℃±2℃;
duration: 2h;
temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.11 Alternating damp heat test
QX/T20--2003
(11)
(12)
· (13)
Carry out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.4, the high temperature is 55℃, the relative humidity is 95%±3%, and the test period is 24h. The instrument should be able to work normally.
6.4.12 Transport test
Carry out in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329. After the test, there is no crack, obvious deformation or looseness in the instrument structure, and the instrument should be able to work normally.
Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
The inspections specified in this standard are divided into:
a) Type inspection;
b) Factory inspection.
7.2 Inspection grouping
The type inspection and factory inspection specified in this standard are divided into the following three inspection groups: QX/T 20-2003
a) Group A inspection: composed of appearance inspection, structural inspection, etc. b) Group B inspection: mainly performance test
c) Group C inspection: environmental condition test.
7.3 Inspection items
See Table 1 for the inspection items.
Table 1 Inspection Items
Group A Inspection
Group B Inspection
Insulation Resistance
Sensitivity
Response Time
Tracking Error
Inspection Items
Non-linear Error
Temperature Error
Annual Stability
Group C Inspection
Low Temperature Inspection
High Temperature Inspection
Cyclic Humidity Inspection
Transportation Inspection
● indicates items that must be inspected;
○ indicates items that must be inspected when necessary.
7.4 Inspection Standards and Equipment
Type Inspection
Factory Inspection
Inspection standards should be traceable, and inspection equipment should be within the validity period of verification. 7.5 Defect determination
7.5.1 Classification
This standard stipulates that defects are divided into major defects and minor defects. 7.5.2 Major defects
The error of the performance index detected exceeds the specified range. 7.5.3 Minor defects
Only the appearance is defective, but it does not affect the performance of the instrument. 7.6 Type inspection
Type inspection is a series of complete inspections for several samples of this model. 7.6.1 The purpose of the inspection
is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following circumstances:
When a new product is finalized;
When there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed;
When regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the A~C group inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the fault should be eliminated and the next inspection can be carried out only after the inspection is qualified again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the inspections of A~C groups are qualified. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.3 Data Processing
a) Calculate the average value A of the first and second groups of measured data of the pyranometer according to formula (11): 6
Where:
A——the average value of the first group of 10 readings of the pyranometer; A2
the average value of the second group of 10 readings of the pyranometer. b) Calculate the corresponding sensitivity K of the measured instrument according to formula (12): A+Az
K,=K.
Where:
K. —
sensitivity of the pyranometer, μV. W-1·m2; the average value of 10 readings of the measured instrument.
c) Within one year, the same method is used to test indoors once every three months, and the annual stability k is calculated according to formula (13): Km×100%
k =1-1
Wherein:
The maximum corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year; The average value of the corresponding sensitivity of four tests within one year. The test results should meet the requirements of 5.2.8.
6.4.9 Low temperature test
The test should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.1 Ab. The test parameters are as follows: Test temperature: 40℃±2℃;
Duration: 2h;
Temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.10 High temperature test
The test should be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.2 Bb. The test parameters are as follows: test temperature: 50℃±2℃;
duration: 2h;
temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.11 Alternating damp heat test
QX/T20--2003
(11)
(12)
· (13)
Carry out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.4, the high temperature is 55℃, the relative humidity is 95%±3%, and the test period is 24h. The instrument should be able to work normally.
6.4.12 Transport test
Carry out in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329. After the test, there is no crack, obvious deformation or looseness in the instrument structure, and the instrument should be able to work normally.
Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
The inspections specified in this standard are divided into:
a) Type inspection;
b) Factory inspection.
7.2 Inspection grouping
The type inspection and factory inspection specified in this standard are divided into the following three inspection groups: QX/T 20-2003
a) Group A inspection: composed of appearance inspection, structural inspection, etc. b) Group B inspection: mainly performance test
c) Group C inspection: environmental condition test.
7.3 Inspection items
See Table 1 for the inspection items.
Table 1 Inspection Items
Group A Inspection
Group B Inspection
Insulation Resistance
Sensitivity
Response Time
Tracking Error
Inspection Items
Non-linear Error
Temperature Error
Annual Stability
Group C Inspection
Low Temperature Inspection
High Temperature Inspection
Cyclic Humidity Inspection
Transportation Inspection
● indicates items that must be inspected;
○ indicates items that must be inspected when necessary.
7.4 Inspection Standards and Equipment
Type Inspection
Factory Inspection
Inspection standards should be traceable, and inspection equipment should be within the validity period of verification. 7.5 Defect determination
7.5.1 Classification
This standard stipulates that defects are divided into major defects and minor defects. 7.5.2 Major defects
The error of the performance index detected exceeds the specified range. 7.5.3 Minor defects
Only the appearance is defective, but it does not affect the performance of the instrument. 7.6 Type inspection
Type inspection is a series of complete inspections for several samples of this model. 7.6.1 The purpose of the inspection
is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following circumstances:
When a new product is finalized;
When there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed;
When regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the A~C group inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the fault should be eliminated and the next inspection can be carried out only after the inspection is qualified again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the inspections of A~C groups are qualified. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No serious defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No serious defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.2. The test parameters are as follows: test temperature: 50℃±2℃;
duration: 2h;
temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.11 Alternating damp heat test
QX/T20--2003
(11)
(12)
· (13)
The test is carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.4, with a high temperature of 55℃, a relative humidity of 95%±3%, and a test period of 24h. The instrument should be able to work normally.
6.4.12 Transport test
The test is carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329. After the test, there is no crack, obvious deformation or looseness in the instrument structure, and the instrument should be able to work normally.
Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
The inspections specified in this standard are divided into:
a) Type inspection;
b) Factory inspection.
7.2 Inspection grouping
The type inspection and factory inspection specified in this standard are divided into the following three inspection groups: QX/T 20-2003
a) Group A inspection: composed of appearance inspection, structural inspection, etc. b) Group B inspection: mainly performance test
c) Group C inspection: environmental condition test.
7.3 Inspection items
See Table 1 for the inspection items.
Table 1 Inspection Items
Group A Inspection
Group B Inspection
Insulation Resistance
Sensitivity
Response Time
Tracking Error
Inspection Items
Non-linear Error
Temperature Error
Annual Stability
Group C Inspection
Low Temperature Inspection
High Temperature Inspection
Cyclic Humidity Inspection
Transportation Inspection
● indicates items that must be inspected;
○ indicates items that must be inspected when necessary.
7.4 Inspection Standards and Equipment
Type Inspection
Factory Inspection
Inspection standards should be traceable, and inspection equipment should be within the validity period of verification. 7.5 Defect determination
7.5.1 Classification
This standard stipulates that defects are divided into major defects and minor defects. 7.5.2 Major defects
The error of the performance index detected exceeds the specified range. 7.5.3 Minor defects
Only the appearance is defective, but it does not affect the performance of the instrument. 7.6 Type inspection
Type inspection is a series of complete inspections for several samples of this model. 7.6.1 The purpose of the inspection
is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following circumstances:
When a new product is finalized;
When there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed;
When regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the A~C group inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the fault should be eliminated and the next inspection can be carried out only after the inspection is qualified again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the inspections of A~C groups are qualified. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.2. The test parameters are as follows: test temperature: 50℃±2℃;
duration: 2h;
temperature change rate: ≤1℃/min.
The instrument should be able to work normally during the whole process. 6.4.11 Alternating damp heat test
QX/T20--2003
(11)
(12)
· (13)
The test is carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T2423.4, with a high temperature of 55℃, a relative humidity of 95%±3%, and a test period of 24h. The instrument should be able to work normally.
6.4.12 Transport test
The test is carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329. After the test, there is no crack, obvious deformation or looseness in the instrument structure, and the instrument should be able to work normally.
Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection classification
The inspections specified in this standard are divided into:
a) Type inspection;
b) Factory inspection.
7.2 Inspection grouping
The type inspection and factory inspection specified in this standard are divided into the following three inspection groups: QX/T 20-2003
a) Group A inspection: composed of appearance inspection, structural inspection, etc. b) Group B inspection: mainly performance test
c) Group C inspection: environmental condition test.
7.3 Inspection items
See Table 1 for the inspection items.
Table 1 Inspection Items
Group A Inspection
Group B Inspection
Insulation Resistance
Sensitivity
Response Time
Tracking Error
Inspection Items
Non-linear Error
Temperature Error
Annual Stability
Group C Inspection
Low Temperature Inspection
High Temperature Inspection
Cyclic Humidity Inspection
Transportation Inspection
● indicates items that must be inspected;
○ indicates items that must be inspected when necessary.
7.4 Inspection Standards and Equipment
Type Inspection
Factory Inspection
Inspection standards should be traceable, and inspection equipment should be within the validity period of verification. 7.5 Defect determination
7.5.1 Classification
This standard stipulates that defects are divided into major defects and minor defects. 7.5.2 Major defects
The error of the performance index detected exceeds the specified range. 7.5.3 Minor defects
Only the appearance is defective, but it does not affect the performance of the instrument. 7.6 Type inspection
Type inspection is a series of complete inspections for several samples of this model. 7.6.1 The purpose of the inspection
is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following circumstances:
When a new product is finalized;
When there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed;
When regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the A~C group inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the fault should be eliminated and the next inspection can be carried out only after the inspection is qualified again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the inspections of A~C groups are qualified. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.1 Inspection is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following cases: when a new product is finalized; when there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed; when regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters is carried out. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the Group A to C inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the faults should be eliminated and the next inspection can only be carried out after passing the inspection again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the Group A to C inspections have passed. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.1 Inspection is to determine whether the manufacturer is capable of producing products that meet the requirements of this standard. Type inspection is carried out in the following cases: when a new product is finalized; when there are major changes in the main design, process, materials and components; when production is stopped for more than two years and then resumed; when regular sampling of batch-produced direct radiation meters is carried out. 8
Technical requirements
5.1.1~5.1.11
Test methods
6. 3. 1 ~6. 3. 2
7.6.2 Inspection items
All items in Table 1.
7.6.3 Sampling
7.6.3. 1 Group A inspection
Randomly select three instruments for Group A inspection. When a new product is finalized, if there are less than three prototypes, all of them shall be inspected. 7.6.3.2 Group B inspection
Use the three instruments that have passed the Group A inspection to conduct Group B inspection. 7.6.3.3 Group C inspection
Randomly select two instruments from the three instruments that have passed the Group B inspection to conduct Group C inspection. 7.6.4 Qualification judgment
QX/T 20—2003
No serious defects are allowed in the Group A to C inspections, but no more than three minor defects are allowed. When minor defects occur, the faults should be eliminated and the next inspection can only be carried out after passing the inspection again. The inspection can only be judged as qualified after all the Group A to C inspections have passed. 7.7 Factory inspection
Factory inspection is a series of inspections conducted on each instrument before leaving the factory to determine whether it meets the requirements of the product standard. 7.7.1 Group A inspection
Group A inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group A inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group A inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.2 Group B inspection
Group B inspection is a full inspection;
No major defects are allowed in Group B inspection, if any, Group A inspection will be judged as unqualified; if minor defects are found in Group B inspection, Group A inspection will be judged as qualified after re-inspection after repair. 7.7.3 Qualification judgment of factory inspection
Products that have passed the inspections of Group A and Group B can be judged as qualified for factory inspection. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
8.1.1 Product marking
a) Manufacturer’s name;
b) Product name and model;
c) Factory number;
d) Factory date.
Packaging marking
Product name, model and quantity;
Manufacturer’s name;
Packing box number;
Overall dimensions;
e) Gross weight;
f) “Handle with care”, “Upward” and other markings that meet the requirements. 8.2 Packaging
8.2.1 The packaging box should be firm and have anti-vibration measures inside. 8.2.2 Each packaging box has a packing list. QX/T20—2003
Should comply with the relevant provisions of JB/T9329.
The packaged products should be stored in a room with an ambient temperature of -10℃~+40℃ and a relative humidity of less than 80%, and there should be no corrosive volatiles around.
Product Completeness
One direct radiation meter;
One instruction manual;
One verification certificate;
One certificate of conformity;
One warranty card;
One packing list.
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