NY/T 5178-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free pineapple food
Some standard content:
ICS 65. 020. 20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5178-2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Pineapple Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 5178--2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Former
The drafting units of this standard are: Tropical Horticulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, College of Horticulture of South China University of Tropical Agriculture, Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Land Reclamation.
The main drafters of this standard are: Chen Yeyuan, Wei Shouxing, Li Shaopeng, Cai Shengzhong, Chen Wenhe, Deng Suisheng, Gao Aiping, Wang Jiabao, Zuo Xuan, Zheng Yu, Gong Kangda.
1 Scopewww.bzxz.net
Pollution-free food
Technical regulations for pineapple production
NY/T 5178--2002
This standard specifies the technical requirements for the production of pineapple (Anunas comosus (L) Meer), including site selection, site planning, planting, soil management, water management, fertilization management, flower and fruit management, integrated pest and disease control, harvesting, and production cycle. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free pineapples. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this standard. GB4284 Pollutant Control Standard for Agricultural Sludge GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB8172
Agricultural Control Standard for Urban Waste
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY/T 227
Microbial Fertilizers
NY/T 394
NY/T 451
NY5023
Green food fertilizer use guidelines
Pineapple seedlings
Pollution-free food
Environmental conditions of tropical fruit production areas
NY5177
Pollution-free food pineapple
3 Garden selection
Choose areas without severe frost and low temperature and rain in winter and spring (the coldest monthly average temperature is above 13℃, the extreme low temperature is above 2℃, and the annual accumulated temperature is greater than or equal to 10℃ and above 7000℃). The planting site requires convenient transportation, sufficient water resources, a slope of less than or equal to 20℃, and a soil pH value of 4.5 to 5.5. The garden environment quality should meet the requirements of NY5023. 4.1 For small orchards with an area of less than 60hm2, a simple road system, planting plots, irrigation and drainage systems, and soil and water conservation projects must be planned; for medium and large orchards with an area of 60hm2 or more, detailed surveys and orchard planning should be carried out, including windbreaks, water source forests, road systems, irrigation and drainage systems, planting plots, soil and water conservation projects, residential areas, power systems, and post-harvest processing sites. Generally, production land accounts for 60% to 70% of the total land area, water source forests and protective forests account for 15% to 20%, roads account for 10%, and residential areas and post-harvest commodity processing land account for 5% to 10%.
4.2 For hilly slopes with a slope greater than 15°, water source forests must be retained or planted on the top of the mountain, and the land for water source forests accounts for 10% to 15% of the total land area. 4.3 Small orchards should plant the same variety, while medium and large orchards can appropriately carry out multi-variety planning. 5 Planting
5.1 Garden preparation
5.1.1 After mechanical or manual cleaning of the garden, plow the land with two types of soil and two rafts, plow the land to a depth of more than 30cm, keep the soil clods about 5cm in size, and remove the malignant weeds such as Cyperus rotundus, thatch, sauce grass, bamboo grass, and hard bone grass by hand or spraying herbicides. 5.1.2 When the slope is less than 5°, flat planting is adopted; when the slope is 5°~~10°, contour trench planting is adopted; when the slope is 10°15°, contour terraces should be established, with a width of 1m~1.5m and a ditch width of 30cm~50cm; when the slope is 15°~20°, contour platforms should be opened. 5.1.3 It is recommended to cover the new plantation with mulch film. For gentle slopes and flat land with a slope of less than or equal to 10° and large-scale reclamation, mechanical operations should be used as much as possible, and trenching, fertilization, raking, lifting, film laying, and hole pressing should be completed at one time; for slopes with a slope greater than 10° or small-scale reclamation, artificial covering should be used. Before planting, black plastic film should be spread on the flat surface and pressed with soil around. In addition to the ground film, bagasse, coconut bran, wood bran, straw, etc. can also be used for covering.
5.2 Planting
5.2.1 Seedling selection shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of NY/T451. 5.2.2 Planting density: 45,000 plants/hm2 to 60,000 plants/hm2 for Caine, 60,000 plants/hm2 to 75,000 plants/hm2 for Queen. 5.2.3 Planting method: Double row, three row and four row can be used. Selection is made according to the slope, terrace and platform size, and double row T-shaped planting is commonly used. Large row spacing is 110cm150cm; small row spacing: 30cm~50cm for Cain, 30cm~40cm for Queen; plant spacing: 20cm~30cm for Cain; 15cm~25cm for Queen. 5.2.4 Planting season: Generally planted from March to October. In areas with warm winter and good irrigation, it can be planted all year round. 5.2.5 Pre-planting treatment: remove the dry basal leaves and fruit tumors at the base of the seedlings, and cut off the overlong leaves. Dig a small pond in the field, cover it with plastic cloth, and use 25% carbendazim wettable powder + 50% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate in a ratio of 1:1 and dilute it 500 times to soak the base of the seedlings for 10 minutes. After soaking, the seedlings will be cooled and dried for planting.
5.2.6 Planting should be shallow, specifically: crown buds 3cm~4cm, stalk buds 5cm~6cm, sucker buds 8cm~10cm. 6 Soil management
6.1 Weeding
After planting, weeds between large rows can be controlled with chemical herbicides, and weeds on the surface can be manually removed. Weeds should be removed manually after fruit picking. 6.2 Soil cultivation
After rain, soil cultivation should be carried out to cover the exposed roots; in winter, soil cultivation should be carried out to protect seedlings in newly planted gardens; in secondary gardening, soil cultivation should be carried out to cover the base of newly drawn sucking seedlings in combination with the application of organic fertilizers in winter.
7 Water management
7.1 Water should be irrigated in time when drought occurs during the seedling stage, bud extraction stage, fruit development stage and sucking bud extraction stage, that is, irrigation should be carried out when there is drought for 15 consecutive days. Sprinkler irrigation can be used for irrigation; ditches should be cleared and drained in time during the rainy season. 7.2 The quality of irrigation water should comply with the provisions of NY5023. 8 Fertilization management
8.1 Fertilization principles
The principle of using organic fertilizers as the main fertilizer, combined with the application of chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, is to ensure that no pollution is caused to the environment and products. 8.2 Types of fertilizers allowed to be used
8.2.1 Types and treatment methods of farmyard manure and commercial fertilizers specified in NY/T394 shall be followed. 8.2.2 Types and use requirements of microbial fertilizers specified in NY/T227 shall be followed. 8.2.3 Farmyard manure should be piled up and fermented at more than 50℃ for more than 7 days before it can be used after it is fully decomposed. Biogas fertilizers must be sealed and stored for more than 30 days before use.
8.2.4 Municipal domestic garbage and sludge must be harmlessly treated and meet the requirements of GB8172 and GB4284 before use.
8.2.5 Chemical fertilizers used for soil topdressing should be discontinued 30 days before fruit picking, and fertilizers used for foliar topdressing should be discontinued 20 days before fruit picking. 8.3 Prohibited fertilizers
Urban domestic waste, industrial waste, sludge and hospital fecal waste containing heavy metals and harmful substances; nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, commercial fertilizer products that have not been approved and registered by relevant national departments. 274
8.4 Fertilization method and time (autumn planting and fruiting) 8.4.1 Base fertilizer
NY/T 5178-2002
8.4.1.1 Before planting, dig a planting furrow with a width of 50cm and a depth of 30cm according to the row spacing, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer. The recommended dosage is 30,000kg/hm2~45,000kg/hm2 of pig and cattle manure or soil and miscellaneous fertilizer + 750kg/hm2 of peanut cake or rapeseed cake + 225kg/hm2 of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and use after mixing and decomposing.
8.4.1.2 When renewing the garden, plant residues should be returned to the field as much as possible. Use an electric loom with a multi-machine disc shredder to chop the residues, stems and leaves, and bury them in the soil after deep plowing.
8.4.2 Soil fertilization
8.4.2.1 Seedling Fertilizer
During the vegetative growth period, it should be applied twice between March and September. The first time, from March to May, the recommended amount is 300kg/hm2~675kg/hm2 of urea mixed with 150kg/hm2 of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate; the second time, from July to September, the recommended amount is 150kg/hm2~225kg/hm2 of urea mixed with 225kg/hm2-300kg/hm2 of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. 8.4.2.2 Fertilizer for flower and bud promotion
Apply from the early stage of flower bud differentiation to the early stage of flower bud emergence, that is, from October to February of the following year. The recommended dosage is 150kg/hm2 of urea or 300kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) + 150kg/hm2 of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate. Alternatively, 15000kg/hm2 to 22500kg/hm2 of decomposed and diluted (1:10) human and animal feces and urine can be drenched into the leaves at the base of the plant. 8.4.2.3 Fertilizer for fruit growth and germination
Apply after the flowers have faded. The recommended dosage is 150kg/hm2 to 225kg/hm2 of compound fertilizer (15:1515). 8.4.2.4 Bud-strengthening fertilizer
Apply with the next basal fertilizer before and after harvest. The recommended dosage is 225kg/hm2~~300kg/hm2 of urea + potassium chloride or 225kg/hm2~300kg/hm2 of potassium sulfate, mixed evenly, and applied in holes 15cm away from the root base. 8.4.3 Foliar topdressing
8.4.3.1 Spray foliar fertilizer once a month starting from 20d~40d after planting. The recommended dosage is 1% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1%~2% potassium chloride or commercial foliar fertilizer recommended by NY/T394, or drench once a month with dilute decomposed human and animal feces and urine (1:10). 8.4.3.2 Spray foliar fertilizer containing trace elements (zinc, boron, molybdenum) once each during the seedling stage, flower bud differentiation stage, after flowering and 10d after fruit picking.
9 Flower and Fruit Management
9.1 Flowering
9.1.1 Time Selection
In winter frost-free planting areas, flowering can be induced throughout the year. However, in low-temperature planting areas, flowering should be induced no later than July; when induced, the Queen varieties should have more than 30 leaves longer than 30 cm, and the Caine varieties should have more than 35 leaves longer than 40 cm; nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped one month before flowering. 9.1.2 Drugs and Usage
0.5%~1% calcium carbide (calcium carbide) water can be used to irrigate the plant center, 50mL of calcium carbide water per plant, and irrigate the second time after one week, or 0.025%~0.05% ethephon + 1% urea can be used to irrigate the plant center, and 30mL~50mL of ethephon urea water can be used for each plant. 9.2 Bud Removal
9.2.1 Crown Bud Removal
9.2.1.1 If used as seedlings, break off the 3cm~7cm long crown buds or remove the mature crown buds (15cm~20cm) about 7 days after flowering. If not used as seedlings, crown buds should not be removed. 9.2.1.2 Crown buds should not be removed from fruits used as fresh fruits. 9.2.2 Removal of buds, suckers and tuber buds
The buds on the fruit stalks should be removed in batches, 1~2 each time; after selecting the suckers for seedlings, the excess suckers can be removed after fruit picking and used as seedlings; tuber buds should be removed as soon as possible after fruit picking. 275
NY/T 5178-2002
9.3 Fruit Strengthening
At the end of flowering, it is recommended to spray the fruit surface with 50mg/kg gibberellin plus 1% urea water once; 20d to 30d after the previous application, spray the fruit surface with 70mg/kg gibberellin plus 1% potassium fluoride water or commercial foliar fertilizer once. 9.4 Fruit Protection
One month before harvest, cover the fruit with straw, weeds, bundled leaves, shade nets or wrap the fruit with paper to protect it from the sun. 9.5 Use of Plant Growth Regulators
9.5.1 Use of Original
9.5.1.1 Plant growth regulators must be used in accordance with the concentration, method and time specified in this standard. 9.5.1.2 Plant growth regulators that have not been approved and registered by the state shall not be used. 9.5.1.3 The same plant growth regulator shall not be used more than twice in each crop for inducing flowering or strengthening fruit. 9.5.2 The types and methods of recommended plant growth regulators are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Recommended types and methods of plant growth regulators Types
Calcium carbide
Gibberellin
10 Pest and disease control techniques
10.1 Main types of pests and diseases
Fruit enlargement and weight gain
Dosage (active ingredient)
5 000 mg/kg~10 000 mg/kg
40 mg/kg80 mg/kg
Usage methods
10. 1. 1 Main diseases: wilt, heart rot, black rot, black heart, anthracnose, leaf spot, root rot, sunburn, nematodes, etc. 10.1.2 Main pests: powder, crickets, rhinoceros beetles, wax aphids, spider mites, etc. 10.1.3 Main weeds: Cyperus rotundus, Imperata cylindrica, Sclerocaria sclerocarpa, Bamboo grass, Japanese grass, Digitaria sanguinea, Thistle, Centella asiatica, Paspalum, Poa annua, Cricket grass, Cynodon dactylon, White flower grass.
10.2 Principles of prevention and control
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", advocate the use of agricultural measures, biological control and physical control methods, reasonably use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue chemical pesticides, limit the use of moderately toxic pesticides, prohibit highly toxic and high-residue chemical pesticides, control pests and diseases below the economic threshold, and ensure that the quality of pineapple fruits meets the requirements of NY5177. 10.3 Prevention and Control Methods
10.3.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
10.3.1.1 It is strictly forbidden to use pest and disease seedlings with quarantine objects. Select high-quality varieties that are resistant to pests or diseases. Seedlings should not be piled for more than 1 month before planting.
10.3.1.2 Strengthen field management to improve the disease resistance of plants. 10.3.1.3 Deeply plow, turn over and sun-dry the soil in the renewal garden to kill underground pests. 10.3.1.4 Adopt a crop rotation system, which can be rotated with crops such as sugarcane, legumes, and crucifers. Areas with conditions can carry out water-early crop rotation. 10.3.2 Physical Control
10.3.2.1 Use black light to lure and kill pests such as beetles that are active at night. 10.3.2.2 Use fruit protection technology to prevent and control sunburn. 10.3.3 Biological control
10.3.3.1 Plant nectar plants around the orchard to create an ecological environment conducive to the reproduction of natural enemies. 10.3.3.2 Breed, release and help natural enemies of pests, such as predatory floating insects. 10.3.3.3 Use microbial pesticides, botanical pesticides and specific insecticides, such as avermectin and agricultural anti-120. 10.3.4 Chemical control
10.3.4.1 Principles for the rational use of pesticides
NY/T 5178--2002
10.3.4.1.1 Refer to and implement the relevant pesticide use guidelines and regulations in GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts), and strictly control the application dosage, number of uses, application methods and safe intervals. For pesticides not specified in the standard promotion, strictly follow the use concentration range and multiples specified in the instructions, and do not increase the dosage and concentration at will. 10.3.4.1.2 Pesticides that have not been approved, registered and licensed by relevant national departments are prohibited. 10.3.4.1.3 Select pesticides of different types and different mechanisms of action for use alternately; select pesticides with different mechanisms of action that increase efficacy but not toxicity after mixing for use.
10.3.4.1.4 According to the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases and the effective periods of different pesticides, select appropriate pesticide types, optimal prevention and control periods, and efficient pesticide application technologies for prevention and control. At the same time, understand the toxicity of pesticides and use selective pesticides to reduce the harm to humans, livestock, and natural enemies, as well as the pollution to products and the environment.
10.3.4.2 Permitted herbicides: glyphosate, paraquat, dimethyl tetrachloride. 10.4 Line
Integrated prevention and control calendar, see Table 2.
Table 2 Pest and disease control calendar
Phenological period
Vegetative growth period
Targets of control
Heart rot, wilt
Leaf spot, anthracnose in the seedling and adult stages
Aphids, aphid toads, crickets, licorice
Vegetative growth period
Fruit expansion period
Fruit ripening period
After fruit harvest
11 Harvest
Horned rhinoceros, pineapple beetle, thread
worm, long spider mite
Sunburn
Black rot, black heart
Suitable period or index for prevention and control
Seedling treatment, seedling stage, September to December and January to April of the following year
March to July
Prevention and control measures
Use disease-free seedlings (avoid stacking for too long) and plant on sunny days.Pay attention to drainage after rain, do not damage the base stems and leaves when weeding
Cut off the diseased leaves at the base in time and burn
Treat seedlings, prevent and control during the seedling stage, 4 "Select sterile seedlings, remove weeds around the orchard, and adopt crop rotation. Use dark light to lure and kill adult beetles from September to September, quarantine seedlings 1 month to 1.5 months before harvest "month
Use leaf bundles, do not remove crown buds, cover fruits, wrap fruits with paper, and catch mice manually
From flowering to harvest
Select disease-resistant varieties, avoid removing crown buds on rainy days and leave 2 cm to 3 cm when harvesting Fruit stalk
11.1 The appropriate time for harvesting is determined according to the purpose, market demand and maturity of different varieties. Recommendation: Fruits for processing or export should be harvested when they are 70% to 80% green and ripe, that is, when the seams between the 1-2 layers of fruitlets at the base turn light yellow and 1/4 of the fruitlets turn yellow; fruits for fresh consumption and local market sales should be harvested when they are 90% yellow and when 2-3 layers of fruitlets at the base of the fruit turn yellow (1/3 to 1/2 of the fruitlets turn yellow). The maturity of mature fruits harvested in summer and autumn should be slightly lower than that of mature fruits harvested in winter and spring. 11.2 The crown should be retained when harvesting fruits for fresh consumption Buds. 11.3 Fruits should be harvested in the morning on sunny days or on cloudy days, not at noon on sunny days, afternoon or on rainy days. Leave the fruit stalks 2cm3cm long when harvesting, and avoid mechanical damage during harvesting and transportation. 11.4 After harvesting, the products should be processed within 24 hours. When temporarily stacking fruits in the field, shade should be provided to prevent sunburn. 11.5 Clean the field in time after harvesting. The water used to wash the fruits should comply with the provisions of NY5023. 12 Growth cycle
The recommended production cycle of pineapples is 3 to 4 years, using a four-year three-crop system or a three-year two-crop system. 277
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.