QB/T 2597-2003 Determination of fiber length in papermaking (grating method)
Some standard content:
TCS 5 040
Classification number: Y30
Registration number: 12519-2003
Light Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
QB/T2597—2003
Determination of fiber length for papermaking (raster method)2003-09-t3 Issued
National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China2003-10-01 Implementation
This standard is issued by the State Council of Paper Industry,
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Standardization, Foreword
Technical standard reform unit: China Ka pulp and paper research institute, Chengbu printing and yarn company: This board is the main person in charge of the city: Shande teacher, Chongqu, Lin Benzun you change:
QB/T 2597-2003
QB/T2597-2003
1 Scope
Determination of papermaking fiber length (grating method) This standard is applicable to the determination of the length of various papermaking raw materials. The minimum fiber length of 0.2m is not considered as fiber in this standard and is not included in the statistical results. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents shall become the clauses of this standard through the passage of this standard. For any reference document without a reference date, all subsequent European documents (excluding the revised version) or similar versions shall not apply to this standard. However, the relevant parties shall study whether the later versions of these documents can be used. For any reference document without a reference date, its revised version shall apply to the standard. GB/1450 Paper and paperboard test specimens
Gn/T740 Paper dyeing test specimens
GB 4688 Paper, paperboard and fiber composite materials QB/T1462 Pulp test specimens
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions apply to this standard. Raster
Refers to an optical device composed of straight lines of large width and equal intervals. Grating is made of glass core, the resistance of this standard is circular light twist, 4 2M slits are engraved, 3.2
effective average fiber length tanleng mountain
total length is the total number of roots, the average fiber length is the mathematical average length, and it is expressed in terms of labor. 3.3
long-belt average fiber length keugtweighledmeaulagth refers to the average fiber length calculated by the weight. 3.4
mass-weight-mean fiber length as-righwdmeanlcg refers to the average fiber length calculated by the weight, and it is expressed in terms of labor. : The above, the average length of a piece of a piece is given in a month, and the average length is expressed in terms of labor. And it is abbreviated as average fiber length: average fiber length per month, the ...
4 Principle
Use a professional projector or projection microscope to magnify the image of the fiber test piece and project it. Then use the displacement sensor to measure the image and automatically measure the length. Then send it to the computer for statistical analysis and the number of samples. The average fiber length and fiber length distribution are calculated.1
5 Equipment
5.1 Optical fiber length analyzer
The analyzer is composed of an imaging system and a measurement system. 5.1.1 Imaging system
QG/T 2597-2003
Use a professional projector or projection microscope to magnify the fiber image by 50 to 100 times. The image should be clear and the error of the magnification on the projection screen should not exceed ±1%. 5. 1. 2 Measurement system
One of the main components of the measurement system is the displacement reducer, which consists of the light source, the focusing light, the light generator (dynamic light), the indicator light (width), the light bar and the light comparison tube, as shown in Figure 1. 3
1-1: 2-limit light, 3+ light generator: 4 light generator: 5-semi-bar: 6-comparison section 1 light displacement sensor principle diagram
The light generator is engraved with the same degree of uniform grating. The two gratings are installed in parallel and have a very small vertical angle. The length of the blue light is about 10000 meters. Some strips will appear in the direction of the grating, which is called the Fir strip effect. The number of strips is related to the length of the strips. The brightness and width of the stripes are larger than the original light. If the light signal generated by the optical absorption grid is converted into a telegram and recorded in meters: the actual length of the fiber can be calculated from the recorded signal. 52 Fiber optic equipment
The product meets the requirements of Q/T1462
5.3 Manual fiber disintegrator
A piece of anticancer board is installed in the 250mL agent bulk sieve, which is made of sodium and has several small holes. When the back plate moves up and down, it will dissociate the fiber. The structure of the fiber disintegrator is shown in Figure 2. 5.4 Wide-mouth pipette
Made of a graduated ball tube, 100mm long, inner diameter ≤mm~6mml. Tube type 1. 0.5mL more corrected separation system, smooth tube mouth, one end is not closed, and the rubber tube at the end is used to collect the sample. 5.6 The temperature range of the electric heating bottle is 50℃~50℃, the surface of the heating bottle is flat, and the area is about 150mm×2Wmm: 5.6 Other common laboratory equipment such as applicator, measuring instrument, diaphragm, dissecting needle, and cup. QB/T25972003 6 Test equipment and materials Schematic diagram of manual fiber disintegrator Unless otherwise specified, only the separating agent can be used. 1 Steamed water or deionized water, the conductivity should be less than 0.2ms/ml: B.2 Ice (CHCOOH), 1:I (volume sensitivity). 6.3 Oxygen peroxide (HO), the depth is 30%~50%. 6.4 Preparation of iodine-zinc-fluoride stain (Herzber stain). 4.1 Prepare a saturated zinc oxide solution at room temperature. Add 1 ml of the matured zinc oxide (2nCl). Heat until the remaining substance no longer decomposes. Allow it to cool to room temperature. Remove the zinc oxide and store it in a brown reagent bottle. This solution is relatively stable. 6.4.2 Iodine solution
Combine 2.1 g potassium iodide (K) and 0.1 g potassium iodide (T): add 5 mL of the required solution through a pipette, stirring with ice. It is important to add iodine in a small amount of water to activate the iodine. If it is not absorbed by the water, it may be added too quickly and the solution may not be completely absorbed.
6.4.3 Herzberg stain
Mix 15 mL of zinc chloride solution (6.4.t) and 1 mL of water with the iodine solution (6.4.2) and keep it under a hood for 6 h to allow any precipitated matter to settle. Gently pour out 1 layer of sterilizing agent into the bottle, add a small piece of product: keep the solution in the dark for 24 hours, prepare fresh dye every two months: after using the new dye, the film should be inspected for the same time. If the color is blue, the concentration of chlorinated solution is too low, and a small amount of oxidation product should be added. The chemical fiber should be monitored for color. If the concentration of chlorinated solution is too low, the product should be adjusted.
7 Sample and sample preparation
7.1 Selection
QB/T2597-2003
If the test is for the purpose of evaluating the amount of paper to be packaged, the selection should be carried out according to the specifications of GT450 or GB/40. If the collection is different, the source of the sample should be noted, and the sampling method used should also be noted. The sample obtained should be detailed, and the sample can represent the entire product.
If the original material is selected, the number and range of samples should not represent the entire research object: For single coal materials, the sample should be taken from the diameter of the trunk (1.3 meters above the ground); For non-wood raw materials, the samples should be collected by grafting or half-plant, and should include the top, middle, bottom, middle and outer parts.
7.2 Separation
7.2.1 Old materials
If the sample is a raw material, first separate it into high and low components. To form single fiber: Chemical dyeing and cooking process can be used to make medium-density pulp with small pressing equipment, and then the pulp can be cleaned and digested (5.2). After preparation: It can also be cut into pieces according to the size of the pulp, and then soaked in 1:1 hydrogen peroxide for several hours under normal conditions until the raw material is just lipid-free. The raw material is cleaned and separated into fibers (5.2 or 5.3).
7.2.2. The pulp sample is a non-dried pulp, which can be separated without dissociation. It is necessary to separate the pulp after carbonization. If the sample is a cutting board, the pulp piece should be taken in two stages after being wetted. Do not cut the sample by cutting, because this will shorten the continuous mixing. Separation should be carried out according to the provisions of QB14. 7.2.3 Paper
For paperboard with carbonization, the fiber separation method should be carried out according to the provisions of GB4688. 7.3 Sample preparation
Under the condition of stirring, the test sample (about 5ml of 7.2) is prepared by placing the solution in 1000mL of water with a concentration of about 0.5% weakly dissolved. At the same time, adjust the surface temperature of the electric heating plate (5.5) to 60~7U℃, and place the required slide flat on the plate: then the slide is in a state of motion, take out the prepared red rainbow with double-handed pipetting (S.4), wash it for about 1 minute, and all the water can be evaporated on the slide. Then, cool the test piece to the room temperature, drop 2 drops of [ezheguan dye (4]) on the test piece, and slowly remove the excess dye from the edge. It is better to use the fiber test piece immediately after preparation, because the Herb dye can only be used for a certain period of time, which will easily cause the red fiber to deform and discolor, and will affect the determination of the results. 8.1 Fiber identification
Place the prepared red fiber test piece (7.3) on the carrier of teaching 15.1.1), and obtain a clear image. Take out and put it on the sieve with a light count of 50. --100, then the measuring system of the instrument will enter the test. Aim the optical position sensor (5.1.2) at the - end of the fiber, the length of the fiber will be automatically recorded, and the display will show the measured value at any time. After completing the measurement, click "sum results", and the test results will be displayed and reported automatically: fiber fragments or impurities below 1.2mm will not be counted during measurement, and those below 0.2mm will be corrected. The relative error of two parallel tests should not exceed ±2%.
8.2 Equipment calibration method
The instrument should be regularly inspected and tested, and the two main parts to be inspected are: one is the magnification of the imaging system, and the other is the accuracy of the optical transmission device. 8. 2.1 Calibration of magnification of imaging system
There are two mechanical micrometers in the accessories of the projector, namely the objective micrometer and the projection screen micrometer. During calibration, first place the objective micrometer 4
QB/T2597—2003
on the projector stage, and adjust the distance to make the image of the micrometer clear. Then use the projected micrometer to check whether the estimated value is consistent with the design value, and whether the magnification of the center and the center of the projection screen is consistent. The allowable error is not more than 1%. Otherwise, the solution should be discussed with the manufacturer. This item should be carried out once a month. 8.2.2 Accurately align the grating displacement sensor to accurately draw a length on the standard projection screen. Usually 10.0cm is taken, and the deviation is 1cm. This is used as the Standard, check whether the optical gauge recorded value and displayed value are consistent with the actual standard value. If the operation is correct, the allowable error of the two tests should not exceed ±1%. If necessary, check the operation method or contact the manufacturer. This inspection is carried out monthly. 9 Calculation and result expression
9.1 Quantity average fiber length L)
Quantity average fiber length () is calculated according to formula (1): L=
Formula:
Upper - half average fiber length, mm:
Actual length of each fiber rope:
Total number of test fibers,
9.2 Length distribution frequency (6)
In the calculation, the test fibers are divided into several groups according to different lengths. The number distribution rate of the fibers in each group of cables, that is, the fiber distribution frequency (L), can be obtained from formula (2). I)
length generation frequency, %:
one length level one blue fiber root number:
one total number of roots measured.
9.3 length-weight average fiber length (L) x100
length-year average fiber length (L,) is calculated by formula (3). lw
Assuming that in a test, all fibers of different lengths have the same length, that is, the twist (cscn) is regarded as a constant, and the formula (3) can be derived (4).
In the formula:
L1——Length-weight average fiber length:.. The length of the root fiber
The root fiber length
The root fiber length
9.4The most mass-repeated fiber average length (1%)The mass-weight average fiber length (Lw) is calculated by formula (S), M.
In the formula;
The mass-weight average fiber length
The length of each fiber
9.5Standard deviation 15) and coefficient of variation (C,) The standard deviation (S) is calculated by formula (G), and the coefficient of variation (C) is calculated by formula (7). Formula;
Standard deviation: wwW.bzxz.Net
Actual length of average fiber
Where:
Number average length:
Total weight of measured fiber,
Coefficient of variation:
5…Standard deviation
-Number average length,
9.6 Fine fiber content
QB/T 25972003
For the standard, the fiber and fiber pieces below 0.2mm are not counted. This part is usually produced in the production process. 0.2mm-U.4mm fiber is regarded as fine fiber and counted separately. The fine content is expressed by the number percentage D. (%) and the type percentage: (). The rare percentage is calculated by formula (8) and the quality percentage is calculated by formula (9). x100
formula+:
numbers and percentages:
number of fibers above 4mm;
total number of fibers being measured;
total thickness of the measured fibers.
QB/T25972603
Test Report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) This standard number;
Test time and location;
c) Detailed product source and sample concentration;
Model of instrument used;
Total number of fibers tested,
average fiber length and average fiber length of the whole fiber tray; If required by the manufacturer, other aspects should also be included: Any changes in the test results that may cause adverse reactions, whether there are clear regulations in this standard, should be explained.1 Calibration of magnification of imaging system
In the accessories of the projector, there are two mechanical micrometers, namely the objective micrometer and the screen micrometer. When calibrating, first place the objective micrometer 4
QB/T2597—2003
on the projector stage, and adjust the distance to make the image clear. Then use the projector to check whether the magnification of the center and the center of the screen is consistent. The error is allowed to be no more than 1%. Otherwise, the manufacturer should be consulted for the solution. This item should be carried out once a month. 8.2.2 Accurate alignment of the grating displacement sensor. Accurately draw a length on the standard projection screen. Usually 10.0cm is taken, and the measurement is 1cm. Take this as the standard, check whether the optical gauge recorded value and displayed value are consistent with the actual standard value. If the operation is correct, the allowable error of the two tests should not exceed ±1%. If necessary, check the operation method or contact the manufacturer. This inspection is carried out monthly. 9 Calculation and result expression
9.1 Quantity average fiber length L)
Quantity average fiber length () is calculated according to formula (1): L=
Formula:
Upper - half average fiber length, mm:
Actual length of each fiber rope:
Total number of test fibers,
9.2 Length distribution frequency (6)
In the calculation, the test fibers are divided into ten groups according to different lengths. The number distribution rate of the fibers in each group of cables, that is, the fiber distribution frequency (L), can be obtained from formula (2). I)
length generation frequency, %:
one length level one blue fiber root number:
one total number of roots measured.
9.3 length-weight average fiber length (L) x100
length-year average fiber length (L,) is calculated by formula (3). lw
Assuming that in a test, all fibers of different lengths have the same length, that is, the twist (cscn) is regarded as a constant, and the formula (3) can be derived (4).
In the formula:
L1——Length-weight average fiber length:.. The length of the root fiber
The root fiber length
The root fiber length
9.4The most mass-repeated fiber average length (1%)The mass-weight average fiber length (Lw) is calculated by formula (S), M.
In the formula;
The mass-weight average fiber length
The length of each fiber
9.5Standard deviation 15) and coefficient of variation (C,) The standard deviation (S) is calculated by formula (G), and the coefficient of variation (C) is calculated by formula (7). Formula;
Standard deviation:
Actual length of average fiber
Where:
Number average length:
Total weight of measured fiber,
Coefficient of variation:
5…Standard deviation
-Number average length,
9.6 Fine fiber content
QB/T 25972003
For the standard, the fiber and fiber pieces below 0.2mm are not counted. This part is usually produced in the production process. 0.2mm-U.4mm fiber is regarded as fine fiber and counted separately. The fine content is expressed by the number percentage D. (%) and the type percentage: (). The rare percentage is calculated by formula (8) and the quality percentage is calculated by formula (9). x100
formula+:
numbers and percentages:
number of fibers above 4mm;
total number of fibers being measured;
total thickness of the measured fibers.
QB/T25972603
Test Report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) This standard number;
Test time and location;
c) Detailed product source and sample concentration;
Model of instrument used;
Total number of fibers tested,
average fiber length and average fiber length of the whole fiber tray; If required by the manufacturer, other aspects should also be included: Any changes in the test results that may cause adverse reactions, whether there are clear regulations in this standard, should be explained.1 Calibration of magnification of imaging system
In the accessories of the projector, there are two mechanical micrometers, namely the objective micrometer and the screen micrometer. When calibrating, first place the objective micrometer 4
QB/T2597—2003
on the projector stage, and adjust the distance to make the image clear. Then use the projector to check whether the magnification of the center and the center of the screen is consistent. The error is allowed to be no more than 1%. Otherwise, the manufacturer should be consulted for the solution. This item should be carried out once a month. 8.2.2 Accurate alignment of the grating displacement sensor. Accurately draw a length on the standard projection screen. Usually 10.0cm is taken, and the measurement is 1cm. Take this as the standard, check whether the optical gauge recorded value and displayed value are consistent with the actual standard value. If the operation is correct, the allowable error of the two tests should not exceed ±1%. If necessary, check the operation method or contact the manufacturer. This inspection is carried out monthly. 9 Calculation and result expression
9.1 Quantity average fiber length L)
Quantity average fiber length () is calculated according to formula (1): L=
Formula:
Upper - half average fiber length, mm:
Actual length of each fiber rope:
Total number of test fibers,
9.2 Length distribution frequency (6)
In the calculation, the test fibers are divided into ten groups according to different lengths. The number distribution rate of the fibers in each group of cables, that is, the fiber distribution frequency (L), can be obtained from formula (2). I)
length generation frequency, %:
one length level one blue fiber root number:
one total number of roots measured.
9.3 length-weight average fiber length (L) x100
length-year average fiber length (L,) is calculated by formula (3). lw
Assuming that in a test, all fibers of different lengths have the same length, that is, the twist (cscn) is regarded as a constant, and the formula (3) can be derived (4).
In the formula:
L1——Length-weight average fiber length:.. The length of the root fiber
The root fiber length
The root fiber length
9.4The most mass-repeated fiber average length (1%)The mass-weight average fiber length (Lw) is calculated by formula (S), M.
In the formula;
The mass-weight average fiber length
The length of each fiber
9.5Standard deviation 15) and coefficient of variation (C,) The standard deviation (S) is calculated by formula (G), and the coefficient of variation (C) is calculated by formula (7). Formula;
Standard deviation:
Actual length of average fiber
Where:
Number average length:
Total weight of measured fiber,
Coefficient of variation:
5…Standard deviation
-Number average length,
9.6 Fine fiber content
QB/T 25972003
For the standard, the fiber and fiber pieces below 0.2mm are not counted. This part is usually produced in the production process. 0.2mm-U.4mm fiber is regarded as fine fiber and counted separately. The fine content is expressed by the number percentage D. (%) and the type percentage: (). The rare percentage is calculated by formula (8) and the quality percentage is calculated by formula (9). x100
formula+:
numbers and percentages:
number of fibers above 4mm;
total number of fibers being measured;
total thickness of the measured fibers.
QB/T25972603
Test Report
The test report should include the following contents:
a) This standard number;
Test time and location;
c) Detailed product source and sample concentration;
Model of instrument used;
Total number of fibers tested,
average fiber length and average fiber length of the whole fiber tray; If required by the manufacturer, other aspects should also be included: Any changes in the test results that may cause adverse reactions, whether there are clear regulations in this standard, should be explained.
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