GB 8784-1988 Occupational acute trialkyltin poisoning diagnostic criteria and treatment principles GB8784-1988 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Diagnostic criteria and principles ofmanagement for radiation sickness frominteralexposure
UDC 616-07/-08
616-001.26
GB 8284-87
This standard applies to radiation workers who have excessive exposure to radionuclides. Personnel who have excessive exposure to radionuclides in non-occupational settings may also refer to this standard for diagnosis and treatment.
1 Diagnostic criteria
1.1 It has been confirmed by physical, chemical and other means that excessive radionuclides have entered the human body, causing the exposure to meet one of the following conditions: 1.1.1 Radionuclides that enter the human body once or within a short period of time (several days) cause the whole body to be irradiated evenly or relatively evenly within a relatively short period of time (several months), so that the effective cumulative dose equivalent may be greater than 1.0Sv (based on personal dose records). 1.1.2 Over a long period of time, radionuclides enter the human body repeatedly, or radionuclides with a long effective half-life enter the human body once or multiple times, causing the body's intake of radionuclides to exceed the corresponding annual intake limit by more than dozens of times. 1,2 The clinical manifestations of internal radiation sickness are either systemic manifestations similar to those of acute radiation sickness caused by external radiation, or damage to the target organs of the radionuclides, and are often accompanied by damage to the route of initial entry of the radionuclides into the human body. The aforementioned clinical manifestations may occur in the early (within a few weeks) and/or late (months to years) stages of the entry of radionuclides into the human body. 1.2.1 The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of internal radiation sickness caused by radionuclides that are evenly or relatively evenly distributed throughout the body are similar to those of acute radiation sickness caused by external radiation, and may have atypical initial reactions, hematopoietic disorders, and neurasthenia syndrome. 1.2.2 Selectively distributed radionuclides have target organ damage as the main clinical manifestation, accompanied by systemic manifestations such as neurasthenia syndrome and hematopoietic dysfunction.
The damage to the target organ varies with the type of radionuclides: a. Hypothyroidism and thyroid nodule formation caused by radioactive iodine. b. Osteoporosis and pathological fractures caused by parent radionuclides such as radium and cyclohexane. c. Damage to the reticuloendothelial system caused by rare earth elements and radionuclides that enter the human body in the form of colloids. 2 Treatment principles
2.1 Provide timely and correct initial medical treatment for those who have excessive radionuclides entering the human body. 2.2 Strengthen nutrition and pay attention to rest. When necessary, the accelerated discharge of radionuclides and comprehensive symptomatic treatment should be planned. 2.8 Get rid of contact with radionuclides. wwW.bzxz.Net
Approved by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China on December 10, 1987, and implemented on July 1, 1988
GB 8284-87
Appendix A
Terms and Terms
(Supplement)
A.1 Internal contamination of radionuclides: refers to the amount of radionuclides in the body exceeding the amount naturally present.
A.2 Internal exposure: refers to the exposure of the body to radionuclides as a radiation source entering the human body. A.3 Target organ: refers to the organ (or tissue) that absorbs ionizing radiation. A.4 Effective half-life time (Te): refers to the time required for the total amount of a certain specified radionuclide in a biological system to be reduced to half due to the combined effects of radioactive changes and biological excretion, which decreases approximately according to the exponential law.
A,5 Radiation sickness from internal exposure: It is a systemic disease caused by internal exposure. It includes systemic manifestations caused by ionizing radiation and damage to the target organs of the radionuclide. A,6 Non-stochastic effect (Ⅱ on-stor:hasticeffect): It refers to the effect whose severity varies with the size of the irradiation dose. There may be a dose threshold for this effect. Radiation sickness from internal exposure is a non-stochastic effect. A. "Malignancy": refers to the consequence of radiation carcinogenesis. Including all malignant conditions including leukemia and solid cancer.
A.8 Annual intake limit (ALI): refers to the amount of radionuclides ingested into the human body during the working time, which reaches the annual dose equivalent limit of occupational exposure to the reference person. A.9 Effective committed dose equivalent: refers to the sum of the product of the dose equivalent to be accumulated by the tissues (or organs) at risk during the 50-year lifetime of work after a single intake of a certain radionuclide and the corresponding weighting factor.
A.10 Acceleration of radionuclides: refers to the treatment measures taken to promote the excretion of radionuclides entering the human body. It includes the use of various drugs and methods to stop the absorption and deposition of radionuclides, and promote the excretion of radionuclides that have been deposited in organs or tissues. 5GB 8284—87
Appendix B
Instructions for the correct use of this standard
(reference)
B.1 Internal radiation sickness is an extremely rare disease. Its diagnosis requires first of all confirmation that the radionuclide causes the body to be exposed to a relatively high radiation dose in a short period of time. Secondly, there must be characteristic effects caused by the radionuclide; thirdly, there must be systemic manifestations similar to external radiation sickness. Only after comprehensive analysis can a diagnosis be made. B.2 Internal radiation sickness is a non-random effect, and there is a dose value that causes the disease. However, due to the lack of practical experience, it is difficult to give a quantitative estimate. Referring to the threshold dose of external radiation sickness, the effective accumulated dose equivalent of internal radiation sickness should be greater than 1.0Sv. B.3 Internal contamination with radionuclides is the basis and prerequisite for internal radiation sickness. B4 Patients with internal radiation sickness caused by occupational reasons shall be handled in accordance with relevant national regulations. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Health Standard Technical Committee and approved by the Radioactive Disease Diagnosis Standard Subcommittee. The 417th Hospital of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, the Huaqing Environmental Protection Technology Company of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and the Seventh Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry were responsible for drafting this standard. The Ministry of Health entrusted the technical coordination unit, the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, to interpret this standard. From the date of implementation of this standard, the original "Diagnosis Standards and Treatment Principles for Radiation Sickness" (GBW1-80) "Internal Radiation Sickness: Section · is invalid.
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