Metallic coatings -- Measurement of coating thickness -- Coulometric method by anodic dissolution
Some standard content:
ICs25. 220. 25
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 49552005/1S0 2177:2003bzxz.net
Metallic coatings
Measurement of coating thickness
Anodic dissolution coulometric method
Metallie coatings-Measuremem of coating tlickness-Coulometric method by anadic dissolution(1S 2:72.2903,11)
Published on October 12, 2005
National Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on April 1, 2006
GB/T 4355—20C5/15O 2177,2603 Specifications National
Normative references
Electrolyte
Factors affecting test accuracy
Conclusion
Measurement uncertainty
Test report:
A (material property record)
Object B (goods name compensation)
Common electrolyte
Equipment type
GB/T4955—200E/TS02177:20 03
This standard is equivalent to the IS2m gold shop program layer thickness base member thickness base release trap solution warehouse enterprise method English version)4 standard measurement according to TS)2173,:WJ city salary order, this standard corresponds to 1S0213 as follows: "International standard foreword!
One for the convenience of use. The international standard is adopted. The introductory words of the referenced documents are added! One standard "must be the original national standard";
This standard replaces (T495 5—, compared with R/T49551937, the main changes are as follows: the testable combinations are as follows: the test range of residual layer is increased! The first standardized document is modified:
The requirements of R. The requirements of TI are increased! The first chapter is revised: the formula of the meter is modified:
The appendix of the relevant industry type is modified. The title of the distribution is added; the center of the solution is modified, Increase the factory size requirements: increase the heat treatment cost, such as the mirror thickness to the quality requirements
This standard Appendix A, Appendix B for information requirements This standard is also issued by the China Machinery Industry Federation. Hongji pushes the whole mouth gold residence non-standardization technical committee belonging to the standard drafting unit: Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, Guangzhou Industry and Environmental Protection Center. This standard should be used on the original, please note: replace the page note of the version number: GB +055 19B3, GE/T 4S.E-:947.1 Scope
Metallic cover layer
Remaining cover layer thickness measurement
CB/T4955—2005/tSO2177:2003
Impedance dissolution coulometry
This standard specifies the measurement of the conductivity of the metal layer by the coulometry method. This method only uses the conductive layer of the selected standard. The other components can be used together. When testing the maximum concentration of the composite material, the standard can be used, or the new composite material developed for these periods can be tested: in both cases, the adaptability of the system to the stability test needs to be verified, and this standard also describes the system in general. For example, if the alloy contains multiple layers, it is difficult to verify the existence and sequence of the expanded layers due to the different operation limits or the difficulty in obtaining the original alloy. In some cases, the standard can be used to verify the existence and sequence of the expanded layers. The shape and properties of the composite can also be tested in the same way as in 8.?. Table 1 Typical rough cover areas of slow-melting layers and alloys that can be tested by the Coulometric method
Shu-yuan Heqi
Zhizhao Qibao
New primary alloy
According to the Wuqizhiqi meeting, when the alloy is combined, the energy can be obtained,
Metal (Diancun)
Ni-Cc-le gold
bThe Coulometric method can only be used within the limit of some strong Pu Ren's solution. "The wood party will abide by the actual external hazards
see the correct chapter! Only the fee,
2 normative references
non-gold run
the following documents are the general terms of the wood standard H non-leather for the standard to promote the missing. The quoted documents are foreign, and all subsequent revisions do not include the dynamic delivery of the internal secret fake small version are not active in the old standard to enter, add, and the whole just according to the car standard to reach the agreement of the parties need to remember whether the convex De compensate for the use of these documents. For all see the document number without a date: the latest version of the film applies to the technical standard, 3 gold installation title engineering terminology [20701
T12334 Jinma new other organic coating related 1-again the determination of the amount of General standard of the standard G13T12334-263: sdt$0>2064: 1906
B/14455-2005/152177.2003
3 The following terms are used in this standard. 3.1 The measurement area is the area of the upper surface of the continent. The size of the measurement area of the force method is the area covered by the electrolytic air seven diagrams. The surface theory of the method is to use the root of the spiral material to determine the area of the wing benefit layer: the change of the battery water is used to determine the complete retention of the warm cover layer. The degree of theft of the layer is calculated by the corresponding heart (in terms of library). The self-quality is calculated according to the following items) if a certain electrical range is used: self-operation opening and inspection can be confirmed by the country when the war order is stopped: 1: the cumulative amount of electricity entrusted to the solution of the love cover layer,
5 pastoral device
5.1 The non-visual limit of the Sichuan Province can be assembled into a suitable device, and only the special curtain is used (except for B. 5.2 The straight-type instrument usually uses the electrolyte stored before manufacturing. The North Ground should remember the amount of source area only 1 within the solution layer. The amount consumed can be converted into any single unit. The measurement area is usually any inverse unit. The benefit layer sequence is calculated using conversion coefficients or tables. The type of instrument relies on the tour, and the root cause is the filter army. The re-thickening process is through the use of electric instruments to test the thickness of the test rod. If the instrument thickness value and the known thickness of the test are not more than + 5%, the instrument does not need to be adjusted. The cause of the difference is: the special instrument should be calibrated according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The cover layer to be tested should be the same as the substrate, and its uncertainty should be less than or greater than 5%. If the alloy is lost, the correct test sample element should be used. The screen liquid should be used according to its known average, long storage life, and have no external flow. The metal coating will not react;! The new high efficiency is not likely to be close to 100%! When the solution penetrates the substrate before the H layer is fully covered, the H layer is completely covered, the electrolyte is stirred, and the electrolyte flow is confirmed in the test. The thickness of the electrolyte is determined by the end of the test. The radio waves used at the end of the test surface are only for the small project. The better the system, the better the maintenance selection of the solution. ? The accuracy of the film purchase quantity is low, the quantity is trustworthy, and the value of the layer of text is large. In the daytime, the user can receive the scientific erosion or edge of the industry, and the choice of the limit seven depends on the perception of the companion's opinion. Improving the dripping speed, that is, increasing the test current density, can save the cost of avoiding the phenomenon of 7.2 Current change
CB/T4955-2035/ISO2177.2003
No need to use the position light self-flow and timing measurement technology, the current change is not enough, the position of the electric washing boundary is too large. If the current change is too large, it may change the efficiency or the end point of the light. If the decision is: 7.3 Area change
The accuracy of the measured area will not be higher than the accuracy of the original area measured. Due to the wear of the three-way system, the area of the seal may be affected by the force of the measurement module. If the design of the interruption cell enables the seal seat to give a clear measurement area, the average accuracy of the measurement will be higher. Under these circumstances, the overall measurement may be compensated with the corresponding compensation. Connect: Under the condition of the product, make the clever collection correction standard fast tax, industry match through the benefit of the fixed:: the difference or to the most of this Qi Yanan worry about the TF series open to the real Chen Tong note the first bucket double. The mountain clothes face no courtyard return here, 7.4 mixing (if required》
inappropriate data selection will lead to the wrong end point
7.5. The alloy layer of the cap layer and the substrate is designed to have a clear interface between the substrate and the substrate. If the interface between the cap layer and the substrate is clear, the thermal conductivity of the cap layer can be controlled. The final compensation of the base metal layer may occur in the base metal layer, resulting in a higher thickness value of the active alloying cap layer. The yield flow can be used to achieve a pure body pressure change. The purity of the cap layer can be changed by the high-pressure test of the co-deposited metal. The electrochemical performance and yield of the metal can be changed. The test results show that the state of the cap layer is grease, slick layer, wide product plate light ingredients, grease conversion, and the catalysis of the cap layer will be disturbed by the test. 7.8 Density of the overlay material
is a linear function of the thickness of the overlay material. The density of the overlay material is proportional to the thickness of the overlay material. The density of the overlay material will fluctuate linearly with the thickness of the overlay material. The density of the overlay material will fluctuate slightly but significantly with the thickness of the overlay material. 1.9 Density of the electrolytic cell
is a function of the thickness of the overlay material. The density of the overlay material is called the metal product. This product can change Electrolytic or other battery upgrade, this every change in the test product before and after the benefit of the funder standard to distinguish the battery standard station cleanliness, 7.10 circuit connection cleanliness || tt || then the piece of monthly flow type instrument F, good if the circuit is not clean, the separation of the battery position relationship, and the wrong end point, the correct particle: if the student uses: || tt || he uses the standard sample to the case list of the machine selection such as the error of the whole film, then the typical combination will exceed the coverage The sequence of the layers, generally with the use of the platform will cover the benefits of the full display, and according to the own process of the test benefit layer calibration standard sample missing test control: the structure of the parts can be made may be
7.12 uneven hook dissolution
if it is closed and the above will be the end of the gold solution per capita, the state may be more concentrated and the first country, thank the test sample for the new solution after the audible decline of blood, to verify the running big mail points have been trapped in the control, in a certain body will leave a possible The influence of the child is very small. The part of the cover residue
must be free of love and agriculture in the blue layer and the interface book twist bottom change anti-micro benefit layer will cause the electrolytic god to sell inside. The sample time and the full use of the time point are in advance.
8 replacement procedure
E, 1 shall not violate
product fake replacement ratio, the battery liquid's forgiveness and the correction of the device when necessary see 5, the part should be in accordance with the manufacturer's 3
GB/T 4355—20C5/[SO 2177:20C3] This document states that the use of this device in accordance with the provisions of this chapter shall be based on the actual pressure and energy required to maintain the device. The device shall be used to maintain the pressure within the specified range and to ensure that the device is operating within the specified range. 8.7 Preparation of the test system
Good results are necessary. The test sheet shows the organic deep slide and the test table shows 7. It may also require the use of a chemical activation method for the test blood. Care must be taken to avoid transferring the gold. 8.3 Use of the electrolytic cell
Place the new battery with the total density card ring on the image layer to make the surface known to the army" test method. If the electrolytic cell is accompanied by a quality. For example, if the stainless steel is used as a process cell, some items are concave. The person in charge of the electrolytic cell is a suitable cathode (in some cases, it also acts as a debonding machine. The acid is produced by the slow stirring of the machine.
B.4 Electrical
When the electrolytic cell is operated, the surface of the E-type cell is sprayed with gas. If the production cost is high, the electrolytic cell is placed in a lifting device. According to the circuit, the workpiece is properly charged and the electrolytic cell is charged or the electrolytic cell is automatically cut off. Test to verify that the layer of the electrolytic cell has been completely eroded. 3.5 Bottom house When adding two or more layers, make sure that the upper layer within a certain area is completely removed after the test, use an appropriate suction device to absorb the electrolyte in the cell, and clean the cell with hot water or deionized water. During the test, no part of the cell should be moved, causing displacement or wide shift. Regardless of the size of the displacement, the test must be repeated. When the test is completed, the control period of the device must be controlled accordingly, and the test can be continued according to the previous method. A.6 Check after the test
Test summary, the electrolytic solution of the six clear sinks, the electrolytic cell, check whether there are micro points on the test piece inside the circle! -2 Whether the test is effective through the standard language 8.7, the wind fence on the sample coating
art clothing is too small to be able to pass the school can be replaced by the electrolytic container and buckle into the national standard home, if necessary, this book must be changed to the correct, should be adjusted to the test piece has a length of In the electrolyte, there is no instrument, especially the instrument for changing the solution volume, to calculate the sample length, so as to make the sample as the cathode plate in the battery, the same has been identified with the surface rent. 1. Benefits, you can use the purchased electric velvet: to obtain the most accurate instrument, with the typical opening plan with the corresponding electric proof || tt || through: to ensure that the vehicle is sure to buy oil through the surface of the surface of the surface of the surface of the cup, more effective surface of the surface of the cup, the surface of the solution can be effectively operated, the red What device surface is not the whole
9 sales results expressed
quality scale stop using the following calculation: 10%
... falls over the user's specific flow efficiency: when the system efficiency is 1UU service center); economic % benefit layer discharge fee. Single public library (() If not using the integral instrument test, then the mouth according to: 2) formula Hong test piece under the chemical quality of the cover material. The single should be grams per car g4-covering layer is discussed in the hundred, that is, the measurement area, the unit is the lower hall meter (1; \- the unit of the cover is the meter of the stomach, the unit is grams per square centimeter (cm: W.
current, the product is in A):
- the special formula can be used for the time, the completion of the
sequence can be calculated according to the
formula to the X center given gold title, 4 solution and battery conditions for the normal GB/T4955-2005/1502177:2003
market by the time the good test machine without Bo electricity energy efficiency (usually in) electrical and performance The obtained accuracy can be calculated by 1 theoretical calculation, and can be verified by the test of the thickness of the test piece. For large products, the instrument can read the value of the thickness of the product by itself, and the value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. The value of the thickness of the product can be calculated by the instrument. Name of the test book:
Surface area tax in cm;
Specific surface position,
Note the measured positions on the record:
Also note the marking number of the liquid:
And the thickness of the test group measured, expressed in m, the average value of the individual test data during the period: Any explanation of the method;
Factors affecting the fiber results:
New instrument name and label number
Operator’s test laboratory weighing.
GB/T4955—2005/18021//-2003
A.1 Description
(Qualifications to be shown)
With electrolyte
Obviously, some special electrical fluids (proposed and may be used for some of the self-degrading products listed in this requirement) can be used to produce monthly disposable induction products, but one of them is: decondensation (A.2 Example A.1&: The monthly flow rate is 1()mA/cm--4LU mA, cm, the range of the lipid station to 1 is the effective flow rate of the car, the solution is only applicable when the current density changes quickly or the working limit is used, the method is "protruding", these elastic layers are basically based on the 1% interval standard self-flow efficiency solution, and the thickness is calculated (by thickness); you can calculate the formula
dijwQE
or the calculation coefficient of the ratio formula given in Beijing (see Chapter 9 for the definition of the guide policy). Note: The previous use of the original is relatively let the professional and some of the related words, the new size of the current will be recorded incorrectly, 4.2--A. The application of the electric rate technology in the pure grade is analyzed The solution is prepared with distilled or deionized water and the concentration of the solution is small. It will not affect the result. When the voltage is disconnected, it will affect the performance of the filter. Except for the case of a new filter, the filter is kept on the filter for more than 10 minutes.
Some of the above are based on the specifications of the equipment. The electrolyte must be used according to the difference in the construction instructions. The electrolyte must be made of 20% Mg and 1% Mg. The electrolyte used is generally indicated in Table A.1.1-A18. In the case of a loss of 10% Mg, the electrolyte used is not as follows, Table 4. 1. The electrolyte used is the alloy of brass and brass. The electrolyte is A.2 and A5. The electrolyte used is the sodium, ammonium or aluminum chromium capping layer. The electrolyte is the dilute electrolyte of HP1.ml to 100l25 Warning: Phosphorus anhydride can cause burns, so avoid contact with ears and eyes. Contact with crystalline materials may catch fire and cause burns. Avoid light contact with its dust and avoid contact with eyes and anti-peptides. This test is only applicable to a maximum flow rate of about mA/m or a covering layer with a thickness of not more than m. The measurement error is about + 105%
GB/T4955-2005/ISO 2177:2C03 Note: In this solution, as well as in sub-A.4 and ::, the hexavalent chelate is generated during the isolysis of H! Calculate the speed with seven-degree-of-freedom,
Steel or copper overlay electrolyte
Preparation of each layer containing 1Kg of sodium (N core) This solution is only suitable for current density and thickness of about 10nmA/m, 3r: 4.5% lead or chromium overlay electrolyte
Water 64l: 1l0-1.75g/>￥13l. See A.
This electrolyte is suitable for current risk of 12)/m "used, specially used for measuring bone sea film coating (see A note).
A, 6 silver or aluminum overlay electrolyte
Add 1N nitric acid to 0.5 g of hydrogen water. Warning: Nitric acid may explode under strong heat, may cause fire when in contact with soft objects, do not contact with hot and flammable objects, it may cause burns and irritate eyes, respiratory system and skin. Avoid inhalation of its vapor, prevent contact with eyes, and skin: This is about 1-2 times lower than the normal value. A.7 Electrolyte for steel coating on rubber or aluminum
Dilute 10g potassium phosphate (K5 to 1m) with 20L phosphoric acid (H2O) 9-7/m Warning: See A3.
A.8 Electrolyte for copper coating on stainless steel or stainless steel alloy parts The content of Silica Hexaoxide is about 32% lower (mass ratio> H.5iT.). It is generally required to avoid inhalation, skin contact and swallowing. Avoid inhalation of its gas and prevent contact with skin.
This value is very low. There is almost no anodic corrosion on the substrate of the test point. However, in the actual test, there are two layers of double-layer and early symptoms. These adverse reactions are naturally seen, which will not affect the results.
a) Use the analysis of human body to reduce alcohol, there are oxides or related compounds in the car. The material should not have too high a moisture content at the end of the test, as it will affect the quality of the material. The electrolyte used for the test is 4.9% acetic acid, 2H.COINa, 2U eumatic ammonium CH.CNH., and the concentration of this electrolyte may be slightly lower than 13%: but the test error may be less than 5%. A.10 Nickel on steel or aluminum with a thick cover thickness of 80 NH.WA pipe is usually lowered to 100m and the temperature is 76/1GR/T at 50°C. 4955-20J5/ISO 21//.2UUS's random N fiber application
standard swimming liquid has a lifespan of relatively long. It can be used within 3 days before use. The magnetic lock and the correct gland drop stimulation are prepared in advance. The two ends of the building have a lifespan of less than 12 months. The actual performance of the heart child efficiency method is chemical efficiency. The surface is fairy dragon. The fast efficiency product 12 is the self-efficiency bath solution. It will meet the test period. The short voltage can refer to the small out of this present home beat under 4WAm. The middle efficiency Baoji solution is a pair of oxygen-free batteries with a current limit of more than 4V. When the battery is in the front or more, it usually indicates that the current is limited to the state of swimming. At this time, it generally represents the simulated light or I said that the feather is releasing oxygen instead of the version of the solution. If necessary, please add as little as possible before! 1m2 will be activated 3.5--: remove the film from the dye well and ask for washing and drying, and then add ammonium / lack of electrolyte test type coal seam original degree A.11- Chao, yellow steel or other suitable for Xi or stainless steel period of dyeing blue layer with electrolyte 13m salt cavity (1r1. 18g/m1. to 00.l.. Warning: Salt can cause burns, avoid respiratory system, avoid inhalation of its gas, stop it from contacting the eyes and skin. Note that the electrolytic wave is only tested when there is a current of about mA. It is not used for the current density of the magic,
according to Also hand dry drill, book change standard full benefit layer · Qian Liran electrochemical output is not with child Jiang guaranteed chemical equivalent, because the composition is calculated according to the new card multi-method composition does not appear significant error 412 copper, copper alloy or amount of total benefit preparation 1 heart / 1. Flash oxygen KF> extension liquid.
Warning: Potassium oxide is toxic if inhaled and in contact with the skin and swallowed, avoid swallowing its dust: prevent it from contacting the eyes and skin. This liquid is suitable for two layers of dry or high-gloss silver sharp layer, chemical does not contain a small amount of the first or bright clamp combined with residual moisture, || tt||: As a month A, 12 comfort proof can bring the product to deliver funds in the fast accumulation of the actual proof right as a limit range, do not understand the electricity, test with steel body
4.13 steel, gold or copper coating with electrolyte storage 1u hydrochloric acid lI.1T to 1 (
warning, see, 11
this drop silver battery under very small pressure to break the bridge to develop the cover layer, as the secondary end point will not produce compensation for the base corrosion. The total exchange period can be easily broken in the reported (such as small rust removal cell) to form a unified flow of mechanical substances. The electrolytic cell hole will be limited by the electrolytic F precipitation ring, see When the thickness of the test base is relatively full, the test will be terminated. Therefore, all anti-ophthalmic substances must be removed from the electrolyte before and after the test.
: This electrolytic wave has proven to be effective.
A.14 The upper coating layer is coated with electrolyte
and the required acid (H:S0:-8g/ml) needs to be released to 100 μL.-thinly float the electrolyte into the cavity. In the falling liquid path: potassium hydroxide (KF)
Warning: See A.12. Contact with acid will cause severe burns. Avoid contact with skin and eye wax. Do not add water to contact aldehyde. A.15 Steel, bottle or yellow steel cover layer prepared by electrolytic potassium (KCI) excited
GB/T4955-2005/ISO2177:2003
This electrolyte requirement is relatively strict, the preset voltage is not as good as the test pot melt has been seen for a long time). A, 16*: Tin-lock alloy on steel with an electrolytic cell, 100ml #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature to saturate the optimal state and obtain the combination
Warning: Wind .3 and .11. Leather acid can cause damage to the skin or after contact with the skin. Avoid it and take it. Skin contact: This solution is only suitable for about 13mA. It is found that the density of this electric building is 65/3 under the price of the tin pot. The production period must be comfortable. The electric north point of Sa is required, that is! , 15: call / request calculation sharing piece. Obtaining a higher degree of difficulty in silicon connection will be completed only by connecting this system (see, heart, A.17: Copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy electrolyte to oxygen pot water | |tt|| (H.-1,1/ml and l,1,1.75/ml) of the liquid replacement warning; see A.3 and A11, the oxidizing compound has harmful dust, irritating the eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of the dust, do not contact with the system, do not contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The new liquid channel of Beijing Electric uses a current of about 1 (43) mA\ to pass through. This current density is the tetravalent band on the alloy, for the tetravalent Formula for evaluating 35-gold alloy, the electrochemical and annual H2O should be used, that is, 0.6g: the coefficient of the test, in order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual composition should be adjusted according to the coefficient (see the first), 4.1 along, pressure alloy, silver, silver and iron on the gold-silver layer with electrolyte to prepare potassium chloride solution,
General notice | Potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of aldehydes. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin and inhaled. Avoid inhalation of sticky dust, avoid contact with eyes and skin. This four-layer can meet the requirements of gold light: gold composition and sensitivity
This battery is designed to be used with a 12mm thick film (see note A).
A, 6mm silver or aluminum coating with electrolyte
Write & new generally 1N swimming water cup rate: Gm. and add 0Hg hydrogen water. Warning: Nitric acid may explode under strong heat, contact with delicate objects may cause fire, do not contact with hot and flammable materials, it may cause burns. Irritant to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Avoid inhalation of its vapor, prevent contact with eyes, skin: This Result: The normal value is about 1-2 times lower than that measured by solution A.7 Electrolyte for rubber or aluminum coating
Dilute 10g potassium phosphate (K5) to 1m with 20L phosphoric acid (H.) 9-.7/m Warning: See A3.
A.8 Electrolyte for copper coating on rusty or rusty alloy compression parts is about 32% lower (mass ratio> pure hexadecene H.5iT.). General: Silica hexaoxide can cause burns and can cause inhalation, skin contact and swallowing. Avoid inhalation of its gas and prevent It can prevent the skin from coming into contact with the darkest part, and the number of times it stops is very low. There is almost no anodic corrosion on the substrate of the test point. However, in the actual test, there is a layer of double-layer retention and early symptoms. These epidemic adverse reactions are naturally seen. It will not affect the results for a period of time. The environment is low in alcohol, and there are no related oxides or compounds in the product, so as to avoid the test at the end point. There should not be too high moisture. A requirement, it will lead to the impact of the book delivered. The risk of high, in acid six series, with non-use, 4.9 steel, copper or fluorine (whether or not the bottom layer) with chlorine cover layer with electrolyte containing 2) acetic acid H.COINa 2U eumatic ammonium CH.CNH. The electrolytic wave of the case of the battery concentration may be slightly lower than 13\%: but the measurement error will be more than 5% A.10 steel or aluminum nickel cover thickness with electric start || tt || will be 80 NH.WA pipe down to 100m and 50 degrees of ground temperature 76/1GR/T 4955-20J5/ISO 21//.2UUS's random N fiber application
standard combination of swimming liquid tablets has a relatively long lifespan. This virtual system can be used within 3 days before use. The correct magnetic lock and correct glandular activation are combined before use. The two swelling building matching ends have a lifespan of less than 1 month. The actual need is chemical and chemical. The efficiency of this performance is the efficiency of the child. The surface is fairy dragon. The fast efficiency product 12 is the efficiency bath solution of the true thing. It will also be used during the test period. The short voltage can indicate a small out of this current home shot under the 4WAm current pong, with the effective Baoji solution protection The oxygen battery is above 4V. When the battery is at or above 4V, it usually indicates that the current is limited to a certain state. At this time, it generally means that the oxygen is released but not the solution. If necessary, add as little as possible! 1m2 of activated carbon: 3.5-1m2 of activated carbon: remove the film and wash it dry, then add ammonium/aluminum electrolyte (13m/1.18g/m2 to 00.1m2 of electrolyte). ... Do not use for the current density,
also hand dry drill, book change standard full benefit layer · money courtesy of the electrochemical output of the chemical equivalent of the child Jiang guaranteed, because the composition according to the new calculation of the number of nearly 412 copper, copper alloy or the amount of total benefit of the preparation of 1 heart / 1. Flash oxygen KF> extension solution.
Warning: Potassium oxide is toxic if inhaled and in contact with the skin and swallowed, avoid ingestion of its dust: prevent contact with the eyes and skin. This sees the liquid suitable for the dry platform slightly divided into two layers or bone streamer high silver sharp layer, chemical does not contain a small amount of the first or bright clamp residual moisture,
: as a month A, 12 comfortable proof of the product can be delivered quickly accumulated in the proof right for a limit range, not understanding the electricity, test the steel body
4.13 steel, gold or copper coating with electrolyte storage 1u hydrochloric acid lI.1T to 1 (
warning, see, 11
this drop in the silver stop very small pressure bridge solution cover layer, as the secondary end point will not produce compensation for the base corrosion. The total test period can be easily broken in the reported (such as small rust removal battery) The formation of the total flow of organic matter. The electrolytic F will limit the cell aperture, see the thickness of the test base to the full device coating will be called to terminate the test. Therefore, please remove all anti-visible substances in the electrolyte before and after the test,
: This electrolytic wave has proved to be efficient,
A.14 The upper pot coating needs to be diluted with electrolyte
(H:S0:-8gml.) to 100μL) - thinly float the water cavity. In the falling liquid solution: potassium hydroxide (KF)
Warning see A.12, contact with acid will cause severe burns to prevent contact with skin and eye wax, do not add water to contact aldehyde. A.15 Steel, bottle or yellow steel cover layer prepared by electrolytic potassium (KCI) excited
GB/T4955-2005/ISO2177:2003
This electrolyte requirement is relatively strict, the preset voltage is not as good as the test pot melt has been seen for a long time). A, 16*: Tin-lock alloy on steel with an electrolytic cell, 100ml #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature to saturate the optimal state and obtain the combination
Warning: Wind .3 and .11. Leather acid can cause damage to the skin or after contact with the skin. Avoid it and take it. Skin contact: This solution is only suitable for about 13mA. It is found that the density of this electric building is 65/3 under the price of the tin pot. The production period must be comfortable. The electric north point of Sa is required, that is! , 15: call / request calculation sharing piece. Obtaining a higher degree of difficulty in silicon connection will be completed only by connecting this system (see, heart, A.17: Copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy electrolyte to oxygen pot water | |tt|| (H.-1,1/ml and l,1,1.75/ml) of the liquid replacement warning; see A.3 and A11, the oxidizing compound has harmful dust, irritating the eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of the dust, do not contact with the system, do not contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The new liquid channel of Beijing Electric uses a current of about 1 (43) mA\ to pass through. This current density is the tetravalent band on the alloy, for the tetravalent Formula for evaluating 35-gold alloy, the electrochemical and annual H2O should be used, that is, 0.6g: the coefficient of the test, in order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual composition should be adjusted according to the coefficient (see the first), 4.1 along, pressure alloy, silver, silver and iron on the gold-silver layer with electrolyte to prepare potassium chloride solution,
General notice | Potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of aldehydes. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin and inhaled. Avoid inhalation of sticky dust, avoid contact with eyes and skin. This four-layer can meet the requirements of gold light: gold composition and sensitivity
This battery is designed to be used with a 12mm thick film (see note A).
A, 6mm silver or aluminum coating with electrolyte
Write & new generally 1N swimming water cup rate: Gm. and add 0Hg hydrogen water. Warning: Nitric acid may explode under strong heat, contact with delicate objects may cause fire, do not contact with hot and flammable materials, it may cause burns. Irritant to eyes, respiratory system and skin. Avoid inhalation of its vapor, prevent contact with eyes, skin: This Result: The normal value is about 1-2 times lower than that measured by solution A.7 Electrolyte for rubber or aluminum coating
Dilute 10g potassium phosphate (K5) to 1m with 20L phosphoric acid (H.) 9-.7/m Warning: See A3.
A.8 Electrolyte for copper coating on rusty or rusty alloy compression parts is about 32% lower (mass ratio> pure hexadecene H.5iT.). General: Silica hexaoxide can cause burns and can cause inhalation, skin contact and swallowing. Avoid inhalation of its gas and prevent It can prevent the skin from coming into contact with the darkest part, and the number of times it stops is very low. There is almost no anodic corrosion on the substrate of the test point. However, in the actual test, there is a layer of double-layer retention and early symptoms. These epidemic adverse reactions are naturally seen. It will not affect the results for a period of time. The environment is low in alcohol, and there are no related oxides or compounds in the product, so as to avoid the test at the end point. There should not be too high moisture. A requirement, it will lead to the impact of the book delivered. The risk of high, in acid six series, with non-use, 4.9 steel, copper or fluorine (whether or not the bottom layer) with chlorine cover layer with electrolyte containing 2) acetic acid H.COINa 2U eumatic ammonium CH.CNH. The electrolytic wave of the case of the battery concentration may be slightly lower than 13\%: but the measurement error will be more than 5% A.10 steel or aluminum nickel cover thickness with electric start || tt || will be 80 NH.WA pipe down to 100m and 50 degrees of ground temperature 76/1GR/T 4955-20J5/ISO 21//.2UUS's random N fiber application
standard combination of swimming liquid tablets has a relatively long lifespan. This virtual system can be used within 3 days before use. The correct magnetic lock and correct glandular activation are combined before use. The two swelling building matching ends have a lifespan of less than 1 month. The actual need is chemical and chemical. The efficiency of this performance is the efficiency of the child. The surface is fairy dragon. The fast efficiency product 12 is the efficiency bath solution of the true thing. It will also be used during the test period. The short voltage can indicate a small out of this current home shot under the 4WAm current pong, with the effective Baoji solution protection The oxygen battery is above 4V. When the battery is at or above 4V, it usually indicates that the current is limited to a certain state. At this time, it generally means that the oxygen is released but not the solution. If necessary, add as little as possible! 1m2 of activated carbon: 3.5-1m2 of activated carbon: remove the film and wash it dry, then add ammonium/aluminum electrolyte (13m/1.18g/m2 to 00.1m2 of electrolyte). ... Do not use for the current density,
also hand dry drill, book change standard full benefit layer · money courtesy of the electrochemical output of the chemical equivalent of the child Jiang guaranteed, because the composition according to the new calculation of the number of nearly 412 copper, copper alloy or the amount of total benefit of the preparation of 1 heart / 1. Flash oxygen KF> extension solution.
Warning: Potassium oxide is toxic if inhaled and in contact with the skin and swallowed, avoid ingestion of its dust: prevent contact with the eyes and skin. This sees the liquid suitable for the dry platform slightly divided into two layers or bone streamer high silver sharp layer, chemical does not contain a small amount of the first or bright clamp residual moisture,
: as a month A, 12 comfortable proof of the product can be delivered quickly accumulated in the proof right for a limit range, not understanding the electricity, test the steel body
4.13 steel, gold or copper coating with electrolyte storage 1u hydrochloric acid lI.1T to 1 (
warning, see, 11
this drop in the silver stop very small pressure bridge solution cover layer, as the secondary end point will not produce compensation for the base corrosion. The total test period can be easily broken in the reported (such as small rust removal battery) The formation of the total flow of organic matter. The electrolytic F will limit the cell aperture, see the thickness of the test base to the full device coating will be called to terminate the test. Therefore, please remove all anti-visible substances in the electrolyte before and after the test,
: This electrolytic wave has proved to be efficient,
A.14 The upper pot coating needs to be diluted with electrolyte
(H:S0:-8gml.) to 100μL) - thinly float the water cavity. In the falling liquid solution: potassium hydroxide (KF)
Warning see A.12, contact with acid will cause severe burns to prevent contact with skin and eye wax, do not add water to contact aldehyde. A.15 Steel, bottle or yellow steel cover layer prepared by electrolytic potassium (KCI) excited
GB/T4955-2005/ISO2177:2003
This electrolyte requirement is relatively strict, the preset voltage is not as good as the test pot melt has been seen for a long time). A, 16*: Tin-lock alloy on steel with an electrolytic cell, 100ml #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature to saturate the optimal state and obtain the combination
Warning: Wind .3 and .11. Leather acid can cause damage to the skin or after contact with the skin. Avoid it and take it. Skin contact: This solution is only suitable for about 13mA. It is found that the density of this electric building is 65/3 under the price of the tin pot. The production period must be comfortable. The electric north point of Sa is required, that is! , 15: call / request calculation sharing piece. Obtaining a higher degree of difficulty in silicon connection will be completed only by connecting this system (see, heart, A.17: Copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy electrolyte to oxygen pot water | |tt|| (H.-1,1/ml and l,1,1.75/ml) of the liquid replacement warning; see A.3 and A11, the oxidizing compound has harmful dust, irritating the eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of the dust, do not contact with the system, do not contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The new liquid channel of Beijing Electric uses a current of about 1 (43) mA\ to pass through. This current density is the tetravalent band on the alloy, for the tetravalent Formula for evaluating 35-gold alloy, the electrochemical and annual H2O should be used, that is, 0.6g: the coefficient of the test, in order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual composition should be adjusted according to the coefficient (see the first), 4.1 along, pressure alloy, silver, silver and iron on the gold-silver layer with electrolyte to prepare potassium chloride solution,
General notice | Potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of aldehydes. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin and inhaled. Avoid inhalation of sticky dust, avoid contact with eyes and skin. This four-layer can meet the requirements of gold light: gold composition and sensitivityCOINa 2U eumatic ammonium CH.CNH. The electrolytic wave concentration may be slightly lower than 13%: but the measurement error will be more than 5% A.10 nickel-containing steel or aluminum cover thickness || tt || 80 NH.WA pipe is usually lowered to 100m and 50 degrees to 76/1GR/T 4955-20J5/ISO 21//.2UUS with N fiber application
standard liquid film storage life is relatively frame, this virtual in the use of large within the system: can be prepared before 3 days and the first magnetic lock and the gland drop the correct combination before the formation, the two swelling building with the end of the full life ... 1m2 will be activated 3.5--: remove the film dyed well, wash and dry, and then add ammonium / lack of electrolyte test coal seam original A.11- Chao, yellow steel or other suitable for the dyed blue layer with electrolyte 13m salt cavity (1r1.8g/m1. to 00.l.. Warning: Salt can cause burns, avoid respiratory system, avoid inhalation of its gas, prevent contact with eyes and skin. Note that the electrolytic wave only has a current of about mA when measuring. Do not use for the current density of the magic,
according to Also hand dry drill, book change standard full benefit layer · Qian Liran electrochemical output is not with child Jiang guaranteed chemical equivalent, because the composition is calculated according to the new card multi-method composition does not appear significant error 412 copper, copper alloy or amount of total benefit preparation 1 heart / 1. Flash oxygen KF> extension liquid.
Warning: Potassium oxide is toxic if inhaled and in contact with the skin and swallowed, avoid swallowing its dust: prevent it from contacting the eyes and skin. This liquid is suitable for two layers of dry or high-gloss silver sharp layer, chemical does not contain a small amount of the first or bright clamp combined with residual moisture, || tt||: As a month A, 12 comfort proof can bring the product to deliver funds in the fast accumulation of the actual proof right as a limit range, do not understand the electricity, test with steel body
4.13 steel, gold or copper coating with electrolyte storage 1u hydrochloric acid lI.1T to 1 (
warning, see, 11
this drop silver battery under very small pressure to break the bridge to develop the cover layer, as the secondary end point will not produce compensation for the base corrosion. The total exchange period can be easily broken in the reported (such as small rust removal cell) to form a unified flow of mechanical substances. The electrolytic cell hole will be limited by the electrolytic F precipitation ring, see When the thickness of the test base is relatively full, the test will be terminated. Therefore, all anti-ophthalmic substances must be removed from the electrolyte before and after the test.
: This electrolytic wave has proven to be effective.
A.14 The upper coating layer is coated with electrolyte
and the required acid (H:S0:-8g/ml) needs to be released to 100 μL.-thinly float the electrolyte into the cavity. In the falling liquid path: potassium hydroxide (KF)
Warning: See A.12. Contact with acid will cause severe burns. Avoid contact with skin and eye wax. Do not add water to contact aldehyde. A.15 Steel, bottle or yellow steel cover layer prepared by electrolytic potassium (KCI) excited
GB/T4955-2005/ISO2177:2003
This electrolyte requirement is relatively strict, the preset voltage is not as good as the test pot melt has been seen for a long time). A, 16*: Tin-lock alloy on steel with an electrolytic cell, 100ml #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature to saturate the optimal state and obtain the combination
Warning: Wind .3 and .11. Leather acid can cause damage to the skin or after contact with the skin. Avoid it and take it. Skin contact: This solution is only suitable for about 13mA. It is found that the density of this electric building is 65/3 under the price of the tin pot. The production period must be comfortable. The electric north point of Sa is required, that is! , 15: call / request calculation sharing piece. Obtaining a higher degree of difficulty in silicon connection will be completed only by connecting this system (see, heart, A.17: Copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy electrolyte to oxygen pot water | |tt|| (H.-1,1/ml and l,1,1.75/ml) of the liquid replacement warning; see A.3 and A11, the oxidizing compound has harmful dust, irritating the eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of the dust, do not contact with the system, do not contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The new liquid channel of Beijing Electric uses a current of about 1 (43) mA\ to pass through. This current density is the tetravalent band on the alloy, for the tetravalent Formula for evaluating 35-gold alloy, the electrochemical and annual H2O should be used, that is, 0.6g: the coefficient of the test, in order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual composition should be adjusted according to the coefficient (see the first), 4.1 along, pressure alloy, silver, silver and iron on the gold-silver layer with electrolyte to prepare potassium chloride solution,
General notice | Potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of aldehydes. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin and inhaled. Avoid inhalation of sticky dust, avoid contact with eyes and skin. This four-layer can meet the requirements of gold light: gold composition and sensitivityCOINa 2U eumatic ammonium CH.CNH. The electrolytic wave concentration may be slightly lower than 13%: but the measurement error will be more than 5% A.10 nickel-containing steel or aluminum cover thickness || tt || 80 NH.WA pipe is usually lowered to 100m and 50 degrees to 76/1GR/T 4955-20J5/ISO 21//.2UUS with N fiber application
standard liquid film storage life is relatively frame, this virtual in the use of large within the system: can be prepared before 3 days and the first magnetic lock and the gland drop the correct combination before the formation, the two swelling building with the end of the full life ... 1m2 will be activated 3.5--: remove the film dyed well, wash and dry, and then add ammonium / lack of electrolyte test coal seam original A.11- Chao, yellow steel or other suitable for the dyed blue layer with electrolyte 13m salt cavity (1r1.8g/m1. to 00.l.. Warning: Salt can cause burns, avoid respiratory system, avoid inhalation of its gas, prevent contact with eyes and skin. Note that the electrolytic wave only has a current of about mA when measuring. Do not use for the current density of the magic,
according to Also hand dry drill, book change standard full benefit layer · Qian Liran electrochemical output is not with child Jiang guaranteed chemical equivalent, because the composition is calculated according to the new card multi-method composition does not appear significant error 412 copper, copper alloy or amount of total benefit preparation 1 heart / 1. Flash oxygen KF> extension liquid.
Warning: Potassium oxide is toxic if inhaled and in contact with the skin and swallowed, avoid swallowing its dust: prevent it from contacting the eyes and skin. This liquid is suitable for two layers of dry or high-gloss silver sharp layer, chemical does not contain a small amount of the first or bright clamp combined with residual moisture, || tt||: As a month A, 12 comfort proof can bring the product to deliver funds in the fast accumulation of the actual proof right as a limit range, do not understand the electricity, test with steel body
4.13 steel, gold or copper coating with electrolyte storage 1u hydrochloric acid lI.1T to 1 (
warning, see, 11
this drop silver battery under very small pressure to break the bridge to develop the cover layer, as the secondary end point will not produce compensation for the base corrosion. The total exchange period can be easily broken in the reported (such as small rust removal cell) to form a unified flow of mechanical substances. The electrolytic cell hole will be limited by the electrolytic F precipitation ring, see When the thickness of the test base is relatively full, the test will be terminated. Therefore, all anti-ophthalmic substances must be removed from the electrolyte before and after the test.
: This electrolytic wave has proven to be effective.
A.14 The upper coating layer is coated with electrolyte
and the required acid (H:S0:-8g/ml) needs to be released to 100 μL.-thinly float the electrolyte into the cavity. In the falling liquid path: potassium hydroxide (KF)
Warning: See A.12. Contact with acid will cause severe burns. Avoid contact with skin and eye wax. Do not add water to contact aldehyde. A.15 Steel, bottle or yellow steel cover layer prepared by electrolytic potassium (KCI) excited
GB/T4955-2005/ISO2177:2003
This electrolyte requirement is relatively strict, the preset voltage is not as good as the test pot melt has been seen for a long time). A, 16*: Tin-lock alloy on steel with an electrolytic cell, 100ml #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature to saturate the optimal state and obtain the combination
Warning: Wind .3 and .11. Leather acid can cause damage to the skin or after contact with the skin. Avoid it and take it. Skin contact: This solution is only suitable for about 13mA. It is found that the density of this electric building is 65/3 under the price of the tin pot. The production period must be comfortable. The electric north point of Sa is required, that is! , 15: call / request calculation sharing piece. Obtaining a higher degree of difficulty in silicon connection will be completed only by connecting this system (see, heart, A.17: Copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy electrolyte to oxygen pot water | |tt|| (H.-1,1/ml and l,1,1.75/ml) of the liquid replacement warning; see A.3 and A11, the oxidizing compound has harmful dust, irritating the eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of the dust, do not contact with the system, do not contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The new liquid channel of Beijing Electric uses a current of about 1 (43) mA\ to pass through. This current density is the tetravalent band on the alloy, for the tetravalent Formula for evaluating 35-gold alloy, the electrochemical and annual H2O should be used, that is, 0.6g: the coefficient of the test, in order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual composition should be adjusted according to the coefficient (see the first), 4.1 along, pressure alloy, silver, silver and iron on the gold-silver layer with electrolyte to prepare potassium chloride solution,
General notice | Potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of aldehydes. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin and inhaled. Avoid inhalation of sticky dust, avoid contact with eyes and skin. This four-layer can meet the requirements of gold light: gold composition and sensitivityA, 16 *: Tin-lock alloy on steel is electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell. 100 ml of #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature) are saturated and the group is obtained. Warning: .3 and .11. The acid can cause damage to the skin or skin after contact. Avoid contact with the skin: This solution is only suitable for vapor density of about 13 mA. It is found that the tin of the battery is ionized at this density. In order to use a price pot Wu production period of 65/3 need to comfort the base must lead the string of the positive Sa of the North of the electric learning point, that is! , 15: call / request calculation share piece. Obtaining higher difficulty silicon hope degree connection real music will complete the only connection of the system teaching (see, heart, A.17: copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy with electrolyte to oxygen pot water || tt || (H.-1,1/ml and l grid; 1,1.75/ml) of the strange liquid replacement report; see A.3 and A11, oxidation comprehensive has Harmful dust, irritating eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of dust, avoid contact with the system, avoid contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The current of about 143 mAm\ is used to determine the current density of the tetravalent alloy. For the tetravalent alloy, the electrochemical coefficient of H2O2 is 0.6g/cm2, which is 0.6g/cm2. In order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual coefficient should be adjusted. See the first section. ), 4.1, silver, silver and iron alloys are used to prepare potassium chloride solution with electrolyte. In the presence of aldehydes, potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin. Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes and skin. This four-piece collection can meet the requirements of the gold light: gold content and academic sensitivityA, 16 *: Tin-lock alloy on steel is electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell. 100 ml of #111./m and 501-11m and 0L (at room temperature) are saturated and the group is obtained. Warning: .3 and .11. The acid can cause damage to the skin or skin after contact. Avoid contact with the skin: This solution is only suitable for vapor density of about 13 mA. It is found that the tin of the battery is ionized at this density. In order to use a price pot Wu production period of 65/3 need to comfort the base must lead the string of the positive Sa of the North of the electric learning point, that is! , 15: call / request calculation share piece. Obtaining higher difficulty silicon hope degree connection real music will complete the only connection of the system teaching (see, heart, A.17: copper world Yu bottle on the radiation alloy with electrolyte to oxygen pot water || tt || (H.-1,1/ml and l grid; 1,1.75/ml) of the strange liquid replacement report; see A.3 and A11, oxidation comprehensive has Harmful dust, irritating eyes and skin, avoid inhalation of dust, avoid contact with the system, avoid contact with the eyes and skin, do not allow contact with water. The current of about 143 mAm\ is used to determine the current density of the tetravalent alloy. For the tetravalent alloy, the electrochemical coefficient of H2O2 is 0.6g/cm2, which is 0.6g/cm2. In order to obtain the accuracy of the main quotient, the actual coefficient should be adjusted. See the first section. ), 4.1, silver, silver and iron alloys are used to prepare potassium chloride solution with electrolyte. In the presence of aldehydes, potassium chloride releases deadly hydrogen chloride gas. Potassium chloride itself is highly toxic if inhaled or in contact with the skin. Avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes and skin. This four-piece collection can meet the requirements of the gold light: gold content and academic sensitivity
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