Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Electrical terminology
Stationary boilers
Electrotechnical termtnologyStationary boilers
UDC 621.181
GB 2900.48—83
This standard is mainly used for the formulation of standards, compilation of technical documents, and the compilation and translation of professional manuals, teaching materials and books. This standard specifies the special terminology for stationary boilers. The terminology used in various standards related to stationary boilers must comply with GB2900.1-82 "Basic terminology of electrical terminology", this standard and the national standards for terminology of various electrical professional terms. Any terminology not specified in the above standards may be specified in various standards and technical documents. 1 General terms and equipment names
1.1 Types
1.1.1 Boiler
boiler
Equipment that uses the heat energy released by the combustion of fuel or other heat energy to heat feed water or other working fluids to obtain steam, hot water or other working fluids of specified parameters (temperature, pressure) and quality. 1.1.2
boiler unit
boiter unit includes: boiler body, pipelines within the boiler range, pipelines for smoke, wind and fuel and their ancillary equipment, measuring instruments and other boiler ancillary machinery, etc.
1.1.3 Stationary boiler
stationary boiler
a boiler installed on a fixed foundation and cannot be moved. 1.1.4 Steam boiler
steam boiler
steam generator
a boiler used to generate steam.
1.1.5 Utility boiler
A boiler that is mainly used for power generation.
Industrial boiler
Industrial boiler
A boiler that is mainly used for industrial production and heating. Note: According to the GB1921-80 industrial steam boiler parameter series, the maximum outlet steam pressure of an industrial boiler is 25 bar (2.45 MPa, gauge pressure), and the maximum continuous evaporation capacity is 65 tons/hour. 1.1.1 Hot water boiler
Hot water boiler
Promulgated by the National Bureau of Standards on October 28, 1988www.bzxz.net
Implemented on June 1, 1984
A boiler used to produce hot water.
GB2900.48—88
Note: A hot water boiler with an outlet water temperature of 130C or above is called a high-temperature hot water boiler (high-temperature water boiler). 1.1.85
Indoor boiler
indoor boiler
A boiler arranged in the boiler room.
Outdoor boiler
Outdoor boiler
A boiler arranged in the open air.
1.1.10Package boiler
A boiler that is assembled and shipped as a whole in the factory within the scope permitted by transportation conditions. Note. Depending on the specific situation, the boiler shipped by the manufacturer can be the boiler itself, or it can also include ventilation equipment and automatic control equipment in addition to the boiler itself.
1.1.11Shop-assembled boiler
A boiler that is divided into several fully assembled large parts in the factory and can be easily assembled into a boiler after being transported to the construction site.
1.1. 12 Field-assembled boiler
field-erected boiler
A boiler whose installation work is mainly carried out on the construction site. 1.1.13 Supercritical pressure boiler
supercritical pressure boiler A boiler whose outlet steam pressure exceeds the critical pressure. Note: The critical pressure of water vapor is 225.51 absolute atmospheres (22.1 MPa). 1.1.14 Subcritical pressure boiler
subcritical pressure boiler
A boiler whose outlet steam pressure is 160 to 200 bar (15.7 to 19.6 MPa, gauge pressure). Note: According to the current steam parameter series of power plant boilers in my country, the outlet steam pressure of subcritical pressure boilers is stipulated to be 170 bar (16,7 MPa, gauge pressure).
1.1.16 Superhigh pressure boiler
superhigh pressure boiler
A boiler with an outlet steam pressure of 120 to 150 bar (11.8 to 14.7 MPa, gauge pressure). Note: According to the current steam parameter series of power station boilers in my country, the outlet steam pressure of superhigh pressure boilers is stipulated to be 140 bar (13.7 MPa, gauge pressure).
1.1.16 High pressure boiler
high pressure bailer
A boiler with an outlet steam pressure of 80 to 110 bar (7.84 to 10.8 MPa, gauge pressure). Note: According to the current steam parameter series of power station boilers in my country, the outlet steam pressure of high pressure boilers is stipulated to be 100 bar (9.81 MPa, gauge pressure). 1.1.17 Medium pressure boiler
Medium pressure boiler
A boiler with an outlet steam pressure of 30 to 50 atmospheres (2.94 to 4.90 MPa, gauge pressure). Note: According to the current steam parameter series of power station boilers in my country, the outlet steam pressure of medium pressure boilers is specified as 39 atmospheres (3.9 MPa, gauge pressure). 1.1.18 Low pressure boiler
Low pressure boiler
GB 2900.48—83
A boiler with an outlet steam pressure not greater than 25 atmospheres (2.45 MPa, gauge pressure). 1.1.19 Natural circulation boiler
Natural circulation boiler
A boiler in which the working fluid circulates by the density difference between the water in the downcomer and the steam-water mixture in the upcomer. 1.1.20 Forced circulation boiler, assisted circulation boiler forced circulation boiler
assisted circulation boiler
A boiler that relies on the pressure head of the boiler water circulation pump for circulation, in addition to the density difference between water and steam-water mixture. In the past, a large-capacity forced circulation boiler with a throttle ring installed at the inlet of the water-cooled wall riser can be called a controlled circulation boiler.
1.1.21 True-flow boiler
once-through boiler
A boiler that generates steam by passing the feed water through the heating surface once by the pressure head of the feed water pump. Note: The working medium is forced to flow in the steel furnace, and water circulation is not carried out. 1.1.22 Combined circulation boiler
combined circulation boiler
A boiler that relies on the pressure head of the boiler water circulation pump to recirculate part or all of the working medium at the outlet of the evaporating heating surface, including full-load combined circulation boilers and part-load combined circulation boilers. 1. 1. 23 low circulation- ratio boiler
low circulation- ratio boiler full-load combined circulation boiler with subcritical pressure. 1.1.24 solid- fuel boiler
solid- fuel fired boiler
a boiler burning solid fuel (coal, oil shale, bagasse, firewood and solid waste, etc.). 1.1.25 liquid-fuel boiler
liquid-fuel fired boiler
a boiler burning liquid fuel (fuel oil, industrial waste liquid and alkali liquid, etc.). 1.1.26 coal-fired boiler
coal fired boiler
a boiler using coal as fuel.
1.1.27 oil-fired boiler
pil fired boiler
a boiler using oil as fuel.
1.1.28 Gas fired boiler
gas fired boiler
A boiler that uses combustible gas (natural gas, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, etc.) as fuel. 1.1.29Multi-fuel fired boilerA boiler that can use two or more different fuels at the same time. Note: The main types include oil-coal mixed firing, oil-gas mixed firing, and oil shale-bituminous coal mixed firing. 1.1.30Waste heat boiler: Waste heat boilerGB 2900.48—88A boiler that uses sensible heat or (and) combustible materials in various waste gases, waste materials or waste liquids. 1.1.31Solid slag boilerBoiler with dry-ash furnaceBoiler with dry-bottom furnaceA boiler that discharges solid slag from the furnace. 1.1,32Liquid slag boilerBoiler with slag-tap furnaceBoiler with wet-bottom furnaceA boiler that discharges liquid slag from the furnace.
1.1.33 Supercharged boiler
supercharged boiler
In a steam-gas combined cycle, a boiler that serves as a combustion chamber for a gas turbine to produce high-pressure flue gas, the flue gas pressure of which is generally greater than 3 atmospheres absolute (294 kPa).
1.1.34 Water tube boiler
water tube boiler
A boiler in which the flue gas flows outside the tubes of the heating surface and the working medium flows inside the tubes. 1.1. Cross drum boiler
Cross drum boiler
A boiler in which the longitudinal axis of the drum is perpendicular to the front-rear axis of the boiler. 1.1.36 Longitudinal drum boiler
Longitudinal drum boiler
Longitudinal drum boiler
A boiler in which the longitudinal axis of the drum is parallel to the front-rear axis of the boiler. 1.1. Shell boiler
shell boiler
A boiler whose evaporation and heating surface is mainly arranged in the shell, including horizontal boiler, vertical boiler and stationary locomotive boiler. Formerly known as fire tube boiler.
1.1. 38 Horizontal botler
A boiler whose shell longitudinal axis is parallel to the ground, and the fuel burns in the furnace or external furnace and then flows into the smoke pipe. 1.1.39 Vertical boiler
Vertical boiler
A boiler whose shell longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the ground. 1.1.40 Stationary boiler of locomotive type
A boiler whose shell longitudinal axis is parallel to the ground, and the fuel burns in the firebox and then flows into the smoke pipe. 1. 1.41 Hole-type boiler. A boiler with a furnace to form an ascending flue and a convection flue to form a horizontal flue and a descending flue, see figure. GB 2900.48—83 Note: The English name can also be twro-pass boiler. 1.1.42 Box-type boiler. Box-type boiler. The lower part is a furnace and the upper part is divided into two box-shaped convection flues in series. See figure. 1.1.4 Tower boiler. The lower part is a furnace and the upper part is a convection flue. See figure. T.1.44D-type boiler
D-type boiler
GB 2900.48—83
D-type boiler with double drums and half furnace and half convection flue, see figure. 1.2 Parameters
1.2.1 Rated evaporation capacity
rated capacity
nominal capacity
The evaporation capacity of a steam boiler specified when the rated steam parameters, rated feed water degree and the designed fuel are used to ensure efficiency. Maximum continuous evaporation capacity
maximum continuous rating
The maximum evaporation capacity that a steam boiler can achieve when it is in long-term continuous operation at rated steam parameters, rated feed water temperature and the designed fuel.
1.2.3 Rated heating capacity
rated heating capacity
The maximum heating capacity that a hot water boiler should be guaranteed when it is in long-term continuous operation at rated return water temperature, rated return water pressure and rated circulating water volume.
Nominal steam condition
norninal steam parameter
The rated steam pressure and rated steam temperature are collectively referred to as rated steam parameters. 1.2.5 Rated steam pressure
nominal steam pressure
The outlet steam pressure that should be guaranteed when the steam boiler is in long-term continuous operation within the specified feed water pressure and load range. Rated steam temperature
nominal steam temperature
The outlet steam fullness that must be guaranteed when the steam boiler is in long-term continuous operation within the specified load range, rated steam pressure and rated feed water temperature.
1.2.7 Hot water temperature
(qominal) hot water temperatureThe outlet hot water temperature that should be guaranteed when the hot water boiler is in long-term continuous operation with the rated return water temperature, rated return water pressure and rated circulating water volume.
1.2.8 Feed water humidity
Feed water temperature
The temperature of the feed water at the inlet of the steam boiler.
Previous: Rated feed water temperature is the feed water temperature that should be guaranteed within the specified load range. 1.2.9 Return water temperature
Return water temperature
GB 2800.48—85
The temperature of the circulating water at the boiler inlet in the heating system. 1.3 General terms
1.3.1 Circulation circuit
circulation circuit
steam generating circuit
In natural circulation boilers, forced circulation boilers and low circulation rate boilers, it is a closed evaporation system composed of downcomers, risers, drums (for low circulation rate boilers, steam-water separators) and headers (or lower boilers). 1.3.2 Steam purification
stean purification
Reduce the water droplets and salts contained in the saturated steam at the drum outlet, so that the steam quality meets the requirements of relevant regulations. 1.3.3 Steam temperature control
Steam temperature control
To adjust the temperature of superheated steam or reheated steam during operation to reach the specified value. 1.3.4 Feed water
Feed water
Water that meets certain quality requirements and is sent to the boiler by a water supply device. 1.3.5 Condensate
Condensate
Water formed by condensation of steam in a thermal system. t.3.6 Make-up water
Make-up water
In a thermal system, feed water supplemented from outside the system due to various steam and water losses or due to the lack of production return water. Boiler water
Boiter water
Water in the boiler circulation loop.
Boiling crisis
The inner wall of the evaporator tube is in contact with the steam and is no longer cooled by water. The heat release coefficient of the tube wall to the working fluid drops significantly, causing the wall temperature to rise sharply, including film boiling and steaming down. 1.3.92
As-fired fuel
The fuel actually fed into the boiler during operation. 1.3.10Fire bed
Fire bed
Fuel bed
The fuel layer on the grate.
1.3.11Highest fire line
Fire line
The highest point on the water side of the evaporator heating surface of the shell boiler that is washed by flames or high-temperature flue gas. 1.3.12 Additives
additive
For different purposes (e.g. reducing corrosion of low temperature heating surfaces when burning high sulfur fuels, reducing air pollution during boiling combustion, and reducing liquid GB2900.46—83
Chemical substances added to the fuel in a boiler to reduce the melting point of ash, etc. 1.3.13 Flue gas dew point
The temperature at which water vapor containing sulfuric anhydride in the flue gas begins to condense. 2 Principle, structure and design
2.1 Basic working principle
2.1.1 Water circulation
boiler circulatior
The phenomenon of boiler water circulating in the circulation loop by relying on the density difference between water and steam-water mixture or the pressure head of the circulation pump. 2.1.2 Mechanical carry-over
mechanical carry - over
moisture carry - over
The phenomenon of saturated steam in the boiler drum carrying salt water droplets to pollute the steam. Note: The mechanical carry-over coefficient is the percentage of the salt content from the salt water droplets in the saturated steam to the salt content of the boiler water. 2.1.# Dissolved Carryover
Vaporous Carry-over
The phenomenon that saturated steam in the boiler drum is contaminated by salts (mainly silicates) dissolved in it. Note: SiO, the carry-over coefficient (distribulion af silica) is the percentage of silicate salt dissolved in saturated steam to silicate salt in boiler water.
2.1.4 Steam-Water Separation
Water separation
The process of separating steam-water mixture and making saturated steam reach a certain dryness by using various separation principles (centrifugal separation, inertial force separation, gravity separation and water film separation, etc.). 2.1.5 Steam Washing
The process of making saturated steam pass through the water supply layer and water mist, and using the different concentrations of salts in the water supply and boiler water to produce material exchange to reduce the dissolved carryover of saturated steam.
Stage evaporation
Stage evaporation
Divide the boiler water into a clean section with lower salt content and a higher salt section, so that most of the steam is generated from the clean section and discharged from the salt section, which can improve the steam quality and reduce the amount of discharge. Pressure combustion
pressurized firing
A combustion method in which the static pressure of flue gas at the furnace outlet is greater than the atmospheric pressure. Note: Positive force combustion with a furnace flue gas pressure of 200 to 500 mm water column (1.96 to 4.91 thousand) is generally called micro-positive pressure combustion. Negative pressure combustion
negative - pressure firing
A combustion method in which the static pressure of flue gas at the furnace outlet is less than the atmospheric pressure. 2.1.9 Fire bed combustion
grate firing
A method in which solid fuel is distributed on the grate with a certain thickness for combustion. 2.1.10 Fire chamber combustion: Suspension firing
suspension firing
GB 2900.48--83
The fuel is sprayed into the furnace in powder, mist or gaseous form along with air for combustion. 2.1.11 Tangential firing
tagential firing
The fuel and air in the burner are sprayed into the furnace in the tangent direction of the imaginary tangent circle to produce a rotating upward airflow for combustion.
2.1.12 Opposed firing
The fuel and air in the burner are sprayed into the furnace to expand and collide with each other to produce an upward airflow for combustion, including front and rear wall opposition, side wall opposition and four corner opposition. 2.1.13 Cyclone-furnace firing
The fuel and air rotate at high speed in the high-temperature cyclone, and some fuel particles are thrown onto the liquid slag film on the wall of the tube for combustion.
2.1.14 Fluidized-bed combustion
The fuel is fluidized and burned on a fluidized bed under the action of appropriate air velocity. 2.1.15 Gas recirculation
A part of the low-temperature flue gas is extracted from the economizer or other flue gas and sent to the furnace to change the distribution ratio of the heat absorption of the radiation and convection heating surfaces or to reduce the flue gas temperature at the furnace outlet, which is used for steam temperature regulation or to prevent slagging. 2.1.16 Natural draft
Natural draft
Ventilation method that relies on self-generated ventilation pressure to overcome the resistance of the flue gas and air duct. 2.1.17 Mechanical draft
mechanical draft
A ventilation method that relies on the pressure head generated by mechanical means to overcome the resistance of the smoke and air duct. 2.1.18 Balanced ventilation
balanced draft
A ventilation method that uses the pressure head of the blower to overcome the resistance of the air duct and the pressure head of the induced draft fan to overcome the resistance of the smoke duct to maintain a negative pressure in the furnace. 2.1.19 Positive pressure ventilation
forced draft
A ventilation method that uses the pressure head of the blower to overcome the resistance of the smoke and air duct to maintain a positive pressure in the furnace. 2.1.20 Negative pressure ventilation
induced draft
A ventilation method that uses the pressure head of the induced draft fan to overcome the resistance of the smoke and air duct to maintain a negative pressure in the furnace. 2,1.21 Zone control: The air supply under the mechanical grate is divided into several sections, and the air supply is adjusted in sections according to the amount of combustion air required in each section along the length of the grate.
2.1.22 Pressure atomization: Mechanical atomization: The oil is atomized by the pulsation of the flow and the impact force of the air when the oil is sprayed under pressure. 2.1.23 Twin-fluid atomization: The oil is atomized by the impact force of steam or compressed air, including steam atomization and air atomization. 2.1.24 Rotary-cup atomization
rotary-cup atomization
Use the centrifugal force of oil spinning at high speed to atomize the oil. 2.1.25 Direct leakage
direct leakage
infiltration leakage
In a rotary air preheater, due to the static pressure difference between air and flue gas, air flows into the flue gas side through the seal gap.
2.1.26 Bypass leakage
entrained leakage
In a rotary air preheater, the rotor or hood carries the air into the flue gas when it rotates. 2.2 Structure
2.2.1 Boiler proper
Boiler proper
It is a whole composed of the boiler drum, heating surface and the connecting pipes (including flue and air duct), combustion equipment, frame (including platform and escalator), furnace wall and slag removal equipment. 2.2.2 Heating surface
heating surface
The surface that absorbs heat from the exothermic medium and transfers it to the heating medium. 2.2.3 Radiant heating surface
Radiant heating surface
The heating surface that absorbs heat from the exothermic medium mainly by radiation heat transfer. 2.2.4 Convection heating surface
Convection heating surface
The heating surface that absorbs heat from the exothermic medium mainly by convection heat transfer. 2.2.5
Pressure part
Pressure part
The part that bears the pressure of internal or external medium. Pressure component
pressure part
Parts subjected to internal or external medium pressure. 2.2.7Cylindrical shel!
Cylindrical part of boiler drum, shell or header. 2.2.8Head
The sealing part of boiler drum or shell.
Note: the sealing part of boiler shell can also be made of plate. 2.2.9End cover
The sealing part of header.
2.2.10Header
GB 2800.48-83
Cylindrical pressure vessel used to collect or distribute working fluids in multiple pipes. 2.2.11 tube panel
tube pancl
panel-shaped heating surface composed of parallel tubes between the same inlet header and outlet box (or drum). 2.2.12 vertical riser tube panel
up flow riser tube panel
water-cooled wall tube panel with one or more vertical rises of working fluid. 2.2.13 ribbon panel
water-cooled wall tube panel with multiple-pass water return or vertical rise. 2.2.14 spirally-wound tubes
water-cooled wall tube panel that spirals and rises horizontally or slightly obliquely along the furnace perimeter. 2.2.15 tube bundle
tube bundle
bundle-shaped convection heating surface composed of parallel tubes between the same inlet header and outlet header (or drum). 2.2.16 Gas pass (inside the boiler) Gas duct (outside the boiler) A channel for guiding flue gas or arranging heating surfaces. 2.2.17 Convection pass A flue for arranging convection heating surfaces. 2.2.18 Parallel gas passes Two parallel gas passes divided by a partition in a convection duct, in which bypass dampers may be arranged to adjust the temperature of reheated steam. 2.2.19 Air duct Air duct A channel for conveying air 2.2.20 Arch A curved structure built or laid with refractory or thermal insulation materials. 2.2.21 Flame arch
furnace arch
The protruding part of the rear wall extending inward at the furnace outlet, used to improve the airflow distribution in the furnace. 2.2.22 Water-cooled hopper bottom
The bucket-shaped structure (inclination angle is generally 50-55) formed by the water-cooled wall at the bottom of the furnace of a pulverized coal boiler, used to cool the ash and discharge it in solid form.
2.2.25 Wall with refractory lining
Refractory belt
GB 2900.48--83
The covering layer of refractory material laid on the surface of some water-cooled wall tubes in the combustion area to reduce the heat absorption of this part of the water-cooled wall. 2. 2.24 Suspended tube
Sapporting tube
A tube that suspends the heating surface and is cooled by the working fluid. 2.8 Design parameters and indicators
2.3.1 Design pressure
design pressure
The calculated pressure specified in the strength calculation of the pressure-bearing parts or pressure-bearing elements. 2.3.2 Maximum allowable working pressure
maximum allowable working pressureThe maximum pressure that the pressure-bearing parts or pressure-bearing elements can withstand under the specified conditions. 2.3, 3 Maximum allowable wall temperature
maximum allowable metal temperatureThe maximum wall temperature allowed for the use of the metal material under the specified conditions. 2.3.4
Furnace enclosure design pressure
The calculated pressure for the structural strength when designing the furnace wall. 2.8.5 Heat input
heat input
The total amount of heat input into the boiler per kilogram or per standard cubic meter of fuel, including the basic low calorific value and sensible heat of the fuel, as well as the heat taken in when the fuel-sensitive air is heated by an external heat source. 2.8.6 Effective utilization of heat by the boiler
heat output
The total amount of heat absorbed by the working fluid in the boiler per unit time, including the heat absorbed by water and steam, as well as the heat consumed by sewage and self-use steam.
Fuel consumption
The amount of fuel consumed by the boiler per unit time. 2.3.8 Calculated fuel consumption
calculated fuel consumption
The fuel consumption after deducting the heat loss of incomplete combustion of solids. 2.3.9 Ash-retention efficiency
The percentage of the ash content of the discharged slag to the ash content of the pre-furnace coal. 2.8.10 Load range at coastant temperature Load range at coastant temperature The load range within which the boiler outlet steam temperature is maintained at the rated value. 2.3.11 Injection flow (rate) Injection flow (rate) The cooling water flow rate of the water injection desuperheater.4
Furnace enclosure design pressure
The structural strength calculation pressure specified when designing the furnace wall. 2.8.5 Heat input
heat input
The total amount of heat input into the boiler with each kilogram or standard cubic meter of fuel, including the basic low calorific value and sensible heat of the fuel, as well as the heat brought by the use of external heat sources to heat the fuel-sensitive air. 2.8.6 Effective utilization of heat by the boiler
heat output
The total amount of heat absorbed by the working fluid in the boiler per unit time, including the heat absorbed by water and steam, as well as the heat consumed by sewage and self-use steam.
Fuel consumption
Fuet consumption
The amount of fuel consumed by the boiler per unit time. 2.3.8 Calculated fuel consumption
calculated fuel consumption
The fuel consumption after deducting the heat loss of incomplete combustion of solids. 2.3.9 Ash - retention efficiency The percentage of ash content in the discharged slag to the ash content in the pre-furnace coal. 2.8.10 Load range at coastant temperature The load range in which the boiler outlet steam temperature is maintained at the rated value. 2.3.11 Injection flow (rate) The flow rate of cooling water in the water injection desuperheater.4
Furnace enclosure design pressure
The structural strength calculation pressure specified when designing the furnace wall. 2.8.5 Heat input
heat input
The total amount of heat input into the boiler with each kilogram or standard cubic meter of fuel, including the basic low calorific value and sensible heat of the fuel, as well as the heat brought by the use of external heat sources to heat the fuel-sensitive air. 2.8.6 Effective utilization of heat by the boiler
heat output
The total amount of heat absorbed by the working fluid in the boiler per unit time, including the heat absorbed by water and steam, as well as the heat consumed by sewage and self-use steam.
Fuel consumption
Fuet consumption
The amount of fuel consumed by the boiler per unit time. 2.3.8 Calculated fuel consumption
calculated fuel consumption
The fuel consumption after deducting the heat loss of incomplete combustion of solids. 2.3.9 Ash - retention efficiency The percentage of ash content in the discharged slag to the ash content in the pre-furnace coal. 2.8.10 Load range at coastant temperature The load range in which the boiler outlet steam temperature is maintained at the rated value. 2.3.11 Injection flow (rate) The flow rate of cooling water in the water injection desuperheater.
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