Some standard content:
ICS55.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T31268—2014
Restricting excessive packaging for commodity-General rule2014-12-05Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2015-05-01Implemented
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. GB/T31268—2014
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying these patents. This standard was proposed by the China Packaging Federation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Packaging Standardization (SAC/TC49). The drafting units of this standard are: China Packaging Federation, Fujian Minxuan Technology Co., Ltd., Sichuan Yibin Plus Packaging Materials Co., Ltd., Suzhou Meiyingsen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan Mingfeng Packaging Products Manufacturing Co., Ltd., and the General Research Institute of Mechanical Science. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Li, Huang Xue, Zou Yaobang, Chen Like, Zhu Bin, Chen Hua, Zhu Jing, and Zhou Lin. Engineering
1 Scope
General Principles for Restricting Excessive Packaging of Commodities
GB/T31268—2014
This standard specifies the general principles, packaging design, packaging materials, and packaging costs for restricting excessive packaging of commodities. This standard applies to the packaging of all commodities. 2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T4122.1—2008 Packaging terms Part 1: Basics GB/T4892
GB/T8166
GB/T12123
GB/T13201
GB/T13757
Dimension series of rigid rectangular transport packaging
Cushioning packaging design
General requirements for packaging design
Dimension series of cylindrical transport packaging
Dimension series of bag transport packaging
GB/T16716 (all parts) Packaging and packaging waste GB/T17448
3 Terms and definitions
Dimension series of container bag transport packaging
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T4122.1-2008 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T4122.1-2008 are repeated below. 3.1
Contents
Products or articles contained in a package.
[GB/T4122.1-2008, definition 2.9]
excessivepackage
Excessive packaging
Packaging that exceeds the normal packaging function requirements and whose number of packaging layers (3.3), packaging interspace ratio (3.4) and packaging cost exceed the necessary level. [GB/T4122.1-2008, definition 2.25]3.3
Package layers
The number of physically detachable packaging layers that completely wrap the goods. Note: Completely wrapping the goods refers to packaging methods that prevent the goods from falling out. 3.4
Package interspace ratioThe ratio of the space occupied by the contents of the package to the total volume of the package. 1
GB/T31268—2014
4 General
4.1 Packaging shall comply with relevant laws and regulations and relevant national and industry standards, and the possibility of recycling and the impact on health and the environment shall be considered.
4.2 Without damaging the basic principle of the function of commodity packaging, the packaging shall be lightweight and simple packaging shall be adopted. 4.3 Under the premise of meeting the main functions of the packaging, its auxiliary functions shall be simple and practical (such as sealing function, opening function, carrying function, decorative function, etc.).
4.4 The size and shape of the packaging shall be appropriate, and the structure shall be simplified as much as possible, and the number of packaging layers and packaging void ratio shall be reduced. 4.5 It is encouraged to use reusable, recyclable and recyclable packaging, and it shall comply with the provisions of all parts of GB/T16716. 4.6 When packaging is not required, it may not be packaged. It is encouraged to reuse packaging containers and for customers to bring their own original packaging containers to hold the goods when supplying retail goods.
5 Packaging design
5.1 The packaging should be tight, scientific and reasonable, and meet the requirements of GB/T12123. 5.2 The principles of proper protection function, appropriate materials, appropriate volume and capacity, and reasonable cost should be followed. On the premise of meeting the normal packaging function requirements, the packaging design should be adapted to the quality and specifications of the contents, effectively utilize resources, and reduce the amount of packaging materials. 5.3 Reasonably simplify the packaging structure and function, and it is not advisable to adopt cumbersome forms or complex structures. Try to avoid too many packaging layers and too large voids. If necessary, the packaging can be designed in grades according to the specific circulation environment conditions. 5.4 For reusable packaging, the structure and strength of the packaging should be considered. The impact of the number of reuses and its economy. 5.5 For disposable packaging, it should be as simple and practical as possible while meeting the circulation environment conditions and being convenient for consumers. 5.6 Packaging that protects goods, facilitates carrying and use during the use of goods should be considered together with the entire life cycle of the product, especially strength, portability and performance. 5.7 For goods that can only be used with packaging, such as liquid, gas, powdered products, etc., the properties, usage characteristics and life cycle of the goods should be considered, and the packaging materials and packaging structure types should be appropriately determined. 5.8 For packaging that can also serve other functions after the packaging function is completed, the main function and secondary function should be distinguished, and its economy and practicality should be fully considered to avoid excessive increase in packaging costs and waste of packaging materials in pursuit of other secondary functions. 5.9 The specifications and dimensions of packaging containers for unit transport should be based on the provisions of the size series standards of GB/T4892GB/T13201, GB/T13757 and GB/T17448 according to different packaging loading forms. The specifications and dimensions of packaging containers for non-unitized unit transportation shall refer to the relevant standards and meet the requirements of loading as much as possible on transportation vehicles. It is encouraged to use container or pallet packaging. 5.10 The gap between the contents and the inner wall of the packaging container shall be based on the fact that the contents will not be damaged due to deformation of the packaging when subjected to impact or pressure under normal circumstances, and should not be too large.
5.11 For packaging design that requires cushioning, the gap between the contents and the inner wall of the packaging container shall be based on the capacity of the cushioning material. The material selection and thickness of the cushioning material shall be designed and calculated in accordance with relevant standards such as GB/T8166. 5.12 According to the type of container used, for detachable or decomposable contents, and for multiple contents, stability and compactness can be achieved through disassembly, decomposition, combination and other methods and reasonable internal protection (cushioning, fixing, etc.). 5.13 When there are standard container types to choose from, standard container types should be selected. When there are no standard container types to choose from, the container type should be determined first, and then the container design should be carried out. The packaging container should be designed in accordance with relevant standards. 5.14 When designing the container structure, the container should be easy to process and manufacture, easy to assemble, easy to store and transport, easy to load and unload mechanically, and easy to pack in containers or pallets.
5.15 The container shape and structure of the series product packaging should be overall coordinated, and the container shape and structure of the multi-purpose packaging should have the value of reuse.
6 Packaging materials
GB/T31268—2014
6.1 The selection of packaging materials should be based on the principle of economy and thrift, and common and economical packaging materials should be used as much as possible, and environmentally friendly packaging materials should be given priority. For some commonly used packaging materials, please refer to Appendix A. 6.2 The packaging materials used should pay attention to the impact of packaging waste on the environment. Non-toxic and harmless packaging materials should be used, and packaging waste should be easy to recycle, degrade and treat. The use of recyclable and recyclable packaging materials is encouraged. 6.3 The packaging should be made of a single material, or packaging materials that are easy to separate. The structural form of packaging that requires multiple materials should be designed as a detachable structure, which is convenient for classification and recycling after disassembly and decomposition. 6.4 The packaging materials should be reasonably selected according to the packaging technical requirements. If there are current standards, relevant standards should be adopted; if there are no current standards, the types, specifications and various performance indicators of the packaging materials used should be specified, and comprehensive consideration should be given to the source of goods, specifications, performance, price, etc. Packaging cost
7.1 The cost of the entire life cycle of packaging should be considered. Packaging costs include material costs, production costs, packaging costs, transportation and handling costs, storage and custody costs, recycling and processing costs, etc. These costs are basically related to the packaging method, packaging size and complexity. The selection of packaging materials and structural forms should take into account the above cost composition. 7.2 Take effective measures to control direct packaging costs, consider the impact on the environment and the related costs incurred when recycling and reusing packaging and disposing of waste. For reusable packaging, in addition to manufacturing costs, recycling and management costs should be considered. 7.3 The packaging costs added to the price of goods should be minimized to minimize transportation and storage costs. 7.4 For commodities of different natures, choose appropriate packaging materials, adopt appropriate packaging structures and control packaging costs as much as possible. 3
GB/T31268—2014
A.1 Plastics
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Some commonly used packaging materials and products
Some commonly used plastic packaging materials and products are shown in Table A.1. Table A1
Material or product name
Polyethylene hollow containerbzxZ.net
Polyethylene turnover box
Organic glass
Polypropylene plastic woven bag
Polypropylene turnover box
Polypropylene hollow container
PC hollow container
High impact polystyrene turnover box
Polyamide plastic turnover box
Plastic pallet
Polyethylene plastic strapping tape
Polypropylene film
PET blister
PET sheet box
Polyethylene film
Polypropylene plastic strapping tape
Polystyrene film, sheet
PET bottle
Biaxially oriented polyester film||t t||PET heat-shrinkable polyester film
Polyethylene foam plastic
Polypropylene foam plastic
Polystyrene foam material
Polystyrene foam sheet
Soft polyvinyl chloride calendered film and sheet
Some commonly used plastic packaging materials and products
Recycling characteristics
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Reusable Use, recyclable
Reusable, recyclable
Recyclable
Recyclable
Recyclable
Recyclable
Generally disposable, recyclable
Disposable, recyclable
Disposable, recyclable
Disposable, recyclable
Disposable, recyclable
Disposable, recyclable
Disposable, cross-linked polyethylene foam waste is difficult to recycle, pearl cotton waste is recyclable
Disposable, non-cross-linked polypropylene foam can be melted and reused or recycled and granulated, cross-linked products are difficult to melt and recycle
One-time use, recyclable, but the recycling cost is high, generally incineration treatment. One-time use, recyclable, but the recycling cost is high, generally incineration treatment. One-time use, recyclable, waste landfill, incineration will pollute the environment. Serial number
Material or product name
Rigid polyvinyl chloride film
Soft polyoxyethylene blown film
Rigid polyvinyl chloride blown film
PVC heat shrink film
Polyethylene stretch film (self-adhesive film, wrapping film) Polyvinyl chloride foam plastic
Polyvinyl chloride plastic bottle
Degradable plastic film
PVDC heat shrink film, sausage casing film
Plastic-plastic composite
Common metal packaging materials and products are shown in Table A.2. Table A.2
Metal drums
Material or product name
Metal three-piece cans
Metal two-piece cans
Metal closures, bottle caps
Metal aerosol cans
Metal hoses
Aluminum-plastic composite materials
Common paper packaging materials and products are shown in Table A.3. Table A.1 (continued)
GB/T31268—2014-
Recycling characteristics
Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Single-use, recyclable, landfill or incineration will pollute the environment. Landfill and incineration of waste will pollute the environment. Single-use, degradable, not easy to recycle. Single-use, generally not recyclable, landfill and incineration of waste will pollute the environment. Single-use, generally not recyclable. Common metal packaging materials and products
Recycling characteristics
Reusable, recyclable
Cannot be reused, recyclable. Cannot be reused, recyclable. Recyclable, but with certain difficulty
Single-use, recyclable
Single-use, recyclable
Single-use, recyclable. There are still technical problems in the dissociation of plastics and metals. Table A.3
Packing paper
Corrugated box
Material or product name
Common paper packaging materials and products
Recycling characteristics
Most packaging papers cannot be reused, and food paper is single-use. Recyclable, completely degradable
Limited reuse, recyclable, completely degradable5
GB/T31268—2014
Honeycomb paperboard
Molded pulp
Material or product name
Packing paperboard
Food paper container
Paper-plastic composite
Paper-aluminum-plastic composite
A.4 Bamboo, wood
Table A.3 (continued)
Recycling characteristics
Limited reuse, recyclable, completely degradable Limited reuse, one-time use for food packaging; recyclable, completely degradable
Reusable or for other purposes, recyclable, completely degradableReusable, cross contamination should be avoided when used for chemical and pharmaceutical transportation packaging; recyclable, completely degradable
Limitedly reusable, recyclable, completely degradable, pulp molded tableware is disposable
Disposable, recyclable, completely degradable, disposable, recyclable, completely degradable, discarded after one-time use, can be naturally aged and degraded; paper and plastic can also be recycled. Disposable, waste can be recycled; the separation process is complicated, which increases energy consumptionEnergy consumption
Common bamboo and wood packaging materials and products are shown in Table A.4. Table A.4
Ordinary wooden box
Sliding wooden box
Frame wooden box
Wooden chassis
Wooden pallet
Material or product name
Wire-bound box
Lipa-shaped wooden barrel
Bamboo plywood box
Bamboo pallet
Assembled plywood box
Plastic wood pallet
Molded particle board pallet
Plywood pallet
Common bamboo and wood packaging materials and products
Recycling characteristics
Reusable and recyclable
Reusable and recyclable
Recyclable Use, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
Recyclable, recyclable
A.5 Glass ceramics
Common glass ceramic packaging materials and products are shown in Table A.5. Table A.5
Common glass ceramic packaging materials and products
Material or product name
Packaging glass bottles
Medical packaging and controlled pharmaceutical bottles
Ceramic packaging products
Recycling characteristics
GB/T31268—2014
Some food glass containers can be reused; chemical glass containers cannot be reused. Glass can be recycled
Medical (medical) bottles cannot be reused, cannot be recycled, some can be reused, generally recyclable
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