GB/T 50283-1999 Unified standard for reliability design of highway engineering structures
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Engineering construction standards full text information system
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T50283—1999
Unified standard for reliability design ofhighway engineering structuresConstruction standards
1999-06-10
State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
Engineering construction standards full text information system
1999-10-01
Jointly issued
Engineering construction standards full text information system
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Engineering structure reliability
Unified standard for reliability design ofhighway engineering structuresGB/T50283-—1999
Editor department: Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of ChinaApproval department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of ChinaEffective date: October 1, 1999
1999Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Notice on the release of the national standard "Uniform Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures"
Construction Standard [1999] No. 151
According to the requirements of the "1987 Engineering Construction Standards and Specifications Formulation and Revision Plan" (Annex 8 of Document No. 2630 of Jizong [1986]) of the State Planning Commission, the "Uniform Standard for Reliability Design of Highway Engineering Structures" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Communications and relevant departments has been reviewed and approved as a recommended national standard by the relevant departments, with the number GB/T50283-1999, and will be implemented on October 1, 1999.
This standard is managed by the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Communications Highway Planning and Design Institute is responsible for the specific interpretation work, and the Ministry of Construction Standards and Norms Research Institute organizes China Planning Press to publish and distribute. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
June 10, 1999
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
This standard is edited by the Ministry of Communications in accordance with the requirements of the State Planning Commission's Document No. 2630 [1986], and is specifically compiled by the Ministry of Communications Highway Planning and Design Institute and eight other units including the Ministry of Communications Highway Research Institute. It was approved and issued by the Ministry of Construction on June 10, 1999 with Document No. 151 of Construction Standard [1999]].
During the preparation of this standard, the preparation team, based on summarizing practical experience and scientific research results, mainly made provisions on structural functional requirements, structural reliability and structural design safety level, structural limit state, design status, self-standard reliability index, classification, statistical characteristics, representative values, effect combination of action, statistical parameters and standard values of material and geotechnical properties and structural geometric parameters, structural analysis and testing, limit state design expression, partial coefficient, quality management and control, etc., and widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country. Finally, the Ministry of Transport reviewed and finalized it together with relevant departments. In view of the fact that this standard is the first preparation, in the process of implementation, it is hoped that all units will combine engineering practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating data. If any modification or supplement is found, please send your opinions and relevant information to the Highway Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Transport (address: No. 33 Chaomian Hutong, Dongsiqian, Beijing, postal code: 100010) for reference in future revisions.
Editor-in-chief, co-editor and main drafter of this standard:Editor-in-chief: Highway Planning and Design Institute of Ministry of Transport Co-editor: Highway Research Institute of Ministry of Transport
Tongji University
Chongqing Highway Research Institute of Ministry of Transport
Xi'an University of Highways and Transportation
Chongqing Jiaotong University
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Hunan University
Jilin Province Transportation Research Institute
Fujian Normal University
Main drafters:
Guo Xiuwu
Li Yuliang
Huang Zhengyu
Wang Xudong
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Sha Qinglin
Bao Weigang
Xu Guanghui
Chen Xiangbao
Li Zhengrong
Yao Zukang
Dai Yixin
Deng Weidong
Tan Zhiming
Liu Qingcheng
Lin Zhongmin
Zou Tianyi
Zhang Shuting
Li Xiaosong
Chen Qianying
Li Yanghai
Cheng Xiangyun
Zhang Shifeng
Tang Boming
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2 Terms and Symbols
3 Limit State Design Principles +
General Provisions
3.2 Limit state equations
Reliability index of structures
Actions on structures
General provisions
4.2 Classification of actions
4.3 Random characteristics of actions and basic design parameters4.4 Effects of actions and their combinations
5 Properties of materials and geotechnical materials and geometrical parameters of structures5.1 Properties of materials and geotechnical materials
5.2 Geometrical parameters of structures
6 Structural analysis and testing…
Limit state design methods
7.1 General provisions
7.2 Expressions for limit state design
8 Quality management and control
Terminology used in this standard
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1 General provisions
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to unify the basic principles of highway engineering structure design and make the design of various types of highway engineering structures meet the requirements of advanced technology, safety and reliability, applicability and durability, and economic rationality.
1.0.2This standard is applicable to the design of the overall structure and structural components of highway bridges, and structures such as highway, first-class and second-class highway pavements. It is also applicable to the construction and use stages of structures. Other road engineering structures can refer to it for implementation. 1.0.3This standard is compiled in accordance with the basic principles of the national standard "Uniform Standard for Reliability Design of Engineering Structures" GB50153-92. The design principles and methods specified in this standard are the common criteria that should be followed in the compilation of various structural specifications for highway engineering. 1.0.4 The probability that a structure will complete its intended function within a specified time and under specified conditions is called structural reliability.
1.0.5The design reference period T of highway engineering structures should be: 100 years for bridge structures; no more than 30 years for cement concrete pavement structures, and no more than 15 years for asphalt concrete pavement structures.
Highway engineering structures must meet the following functional requirements: 1. They must be able to withstand various possible actions during normal construction and normal use; 2. They must have good working performance during normal use; 3. They must have sufficient durability under normal maintenance; 4. They must be able to maintain the necessary overall stability during and after the occurrence of expected accidental events.
1.0.7 The design safety level of highway engineering structures shall be divided into three levels according to the severity of the consequences of possible structural damage, and shall comply with the specifications in Table 1.0.71
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Safety Level
Design Safety Level of Highway Engineering Structures
Pavement Structure
Expressway Pavement
First-class Highway Pavement
Second-class Highway Pavement
Bridge and Culvert Structure
Extra-large Bridges, Important Bridges
Large Bridges, Medium Bridges, Important Small Bridges
Small Bridges, Culverts
For highway engineering structures with special requirements, their safety levels may be determined separately according to specific circumstances.
The pavement structures of highways of the same technical level should adopt the same safety level; when necessary, the design safety level of some sections may be reduced by one level. The safety level of highway bridge structural components should be the same as that of the overall structure; partial adjustments can be made when necessary, but the difference after adjustment shall not exceed one level.
1.0.9 All highway engineering structures shall have the specified reliability. Effective quality management and control shall be carried out according to the design reliability during the survey, design, construction and use stages; the corresponding specifications shall make specific provisions for quality management and control in accordance with the requirements of this standard. 2
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1.1 Reliability reliability
The ability of a structure to complete its intended function within a specified time and under specified conditions. It includes the safety, applicability and durability of the structure. 2.1.2 Design reference period design reference period When conducting structural reliability analysis, the reference time parameters used to consider the relationship between various basic variables and time under the permanent design condition are used. 2.1.3 Safety classes safety classes
In order to make the structure have reasonable safety, the design class is divided according to the severity of the consequences of the damage to the engineering structure.
2.1.4 Design situations design situations represent a set of physical conditions in a certain period of time. During design, it must be ensured that the structure does not exceed the relevant limit state within the period.
2.1.5 Limit state equation limitstateequatian The relationship between the relevant basic variables when the structure or component is in the limit state. 2.1.6 Basic variables basicvariables
The main variables that affect the reliability of the structure. They are generally random variables. 2.1.7 Structural function function of structural performance A function with basic variables as independent variables used to describe the functional status of the structure.
Calibration method calibrationmethod
A method to determine the target reliability index used in structural design through inverse analysis of the implicit reliability level of existing structures or previous design specifications. 3
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
3reliabilityindexβ
2.1.9Reliability indexβ
A quantitative index that measures the reliability of a structure and is defined byβ=一@-1（p）, where @-1（·）is the inverse function of the standard normal distribution. The reliability index specified by the standard as the basis for structural design is called the target reliability index. 2.1.10Stochastic processesstochasticprocessesA random variable that changes with continuous time parameters. It can be described by a random process probability model.
Probability distributionprobabilitydistribution2.1.11
The description of the statistical law of a random variable is generally expressed by a probability density function or a probability distribution function.
2.1.12Statistical parameter
statisticalparameter
Generally refers to the numerical characteristics of a random variable, such as the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, etc.
Fractile
The variable value corresponding to a certain probability of the random variable distribution function. 2.1.14 Representative value of action The specified value of action adopted for different design purposes when designing structures or structural components, which includes standard value of action, quasi-permanent value, frequent value, etc. 2.1.15
Combination of action effects The random superposition of the effects produced by several actions on the structure. 2.1.16 Additive geometrical quantity The adjusted value adopted for the geometric parameters of the actual structure or structural component due to deviation from the standard value.
2.1.17 Resistance
The ability of a structure or structural component to withstand the effects of actions, including bearing capacity, stiffness, crack resistance, etc.
2.1.18 Structural importance coefficient
coefficientforimportanceofstructure
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EngineeringConstructionStandardFull-textInformationSystem
For structures with different safety levels, the partial coefficient is used to make them have the specified reliability.
CoefficientforcombinationfactioneffectsIn the combination of action effects, the reduction factor is used for the action due to the low probability of the most unfavorable values of several independent variable action effects appearing at the same time. Partialsafetyfactor
When using the probabilistic limit state design method, the coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. It is divided into two categories: action partial coefficient and resistance partial coefficient.
2.1.21 Reliability coefficient
reliability coefficient
When using the probabilistic limit state design method, a single comprehensive coefficient is used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. 2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Symbols related to structural reliability
Probability of failure of a structure
P.——Structural reliability (reliability probability)
R—Resistance of the structure or structural component
S Effect of action
Design reference period of a structure
——i-th basic variable
Z——Structural function
βReliability index of the structure
limit——Average value of the resistance of the structure or structural componento——Standard deviation of the resistance of the structure or structural component——Coefficient of variation of the resistance of the structure or structural component Number 1 Average value of action effect
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
as—Standard deviation of action effect
as—Coefficient of variation of action effect
2.2.2 Symbols related to action and action effect
F—Structural action
G—Permanent action
G—Standard value of permanent action
Q—Variable action
Q—Standard value of variable action
S—Standard value of action effect
S. Effect of design value of action
2.2.3 Symbols related to materials, geotechnical properties and geometric parametersa
-Geometric parameters of structure or structural component
-Standard value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component-Design value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentf-Structural material and geotechnical properties
-Standard value of material and geotechnical properties
-Design value of material and geotechnical properties
-Average value of material and geotechnical properties
-Coefficient of variation of material and geotechnical properties
Aa———Additional value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentAa
-Average value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component. —Coefficient of variation of geometric parameters of structures or structural members 2.2.4 Symbols related to the design formula of structural limit states SGk——Effect of the standard value of the ith permanent action SGid——Effect of the design value of the ith permanent action Sox——Effect of the standard value of the automobile load with impact coefficient SQd
Effect of the design value of the automobile load with impact coefficient Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System5 Limit state equation limitstateequatian The relationship between the basic variables when the structure or component is in the limit state. 2.1.6 Basic variables basicvariables
The main variables that affect the reliability of the structure. They are generally random variables. 2.1.7 Structural function functionofstructuralperformance Function of basic variables as independent variables used to describe the functional status of the structure.
Calibration method calibrationmethod
A method to determine the target reliability index used in structural design through inverse analysis of the implicit reliability level of existing structures or previous design specifications. 3
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
3reliabilityindexβ
2.1.9 Reliability index β
A quantitative index defined by β=一@-1(p) to measure the reliability of the structure, where @-1(·) is the inverse function of the standard normal distribution. The reliability index specified by the standard as the basis for structural design is called the target reliability index. 2.1.10 Stochastic processes Random variables that vary with continuous time parameters. They can be described by a random process probability model.
Probability distribution probability distribution 2.1.11
Description of the statistical law of random variables, generally expressed by probability density function or probability distribution function.
2.1.12 Statistical parameter
statistical parameter
Generally refers to the numerical characteristics of random variables, such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, etc.
Fractile
The variable value corresponding to a certain probability of the random variable distribution function. 2.1.14 Representative value of action representative value of acts The specified value of actions used for different design purposes when designing structures or structural components, which includes standard value of actions, quasi-permanent value, frequent value, etc. 2.1.15
Combination of action effects combination for action effects The random superposition of the effects produced by several actions on the structure. 2.1.16 Additive Geometrical Quantity The adjusted value of the geometric parameter of the actual structure or structural member due to the deviation from the standard value.
2.1.17 Resistance
The ability of a structure or structural member to withstand the effects of action, including bearing capacity, stiffness, crack resistance, etc.
2.1.18 Coefficient for Importance of Structure
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
For structures with different safety levels, the partial coefficient adopted to make them have the specified reliability.
Coefficient for Combination of Faction Effects In the combination of action effects, the reduction factor adopted for the action due to the low probability of the most unfavorable values of several independent variable action effects occurring at the same time. Partial safety factor
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. It is divided into two categories: action partial factor and resistance partial factor.
2.1.21 Reliability coefficient
reliability coefficient
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the single comprehensive coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. 2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Symbols related to structural reliability
Probability of failure of a structure
P.——Structural reliability (reliability probability)
R—Resistance of structure or structural component
S Effect of action
Design reference period of a structure
——i-th basic variable
Z——Structural function
βReliability index of structure
Limit——Average value of resistance of structure or structural component Www.bzxZ.net
Standard deviation of resistance of structure or structural component
Coefficient of variation of resistance of structure or structural component Number 1 Average value of action effect
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
as—Standard deviation of action effect
as—Coefficient of variation of action effect
2.2.2 Symbols related to action and action effect
F—Structural action
G—Permanent action
G—Standard value of permanent action
Q—Variable action
Q—Standard value of variable action
S—Standard value of action effect
S. Effect of design value of action
2.2.3 Symbols related to materials, geotechnical properties and geometric parametersa
-Geometric parameters of structure or structural component
-Standard value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component-Design value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentf-Structural material and geotechnical properties
-Standard value of material and geotechnical properties
-Design value of material and geotechnical properties
-Average value of material and geotechnical properties
-Coefficient of variation of material and geotechnical properties
Aa———Additional value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentAa
-Average value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component. —Coefficient of variation of geometric parameters of structures or structural members 2.2.4 Symbols related to the design formula of structural limit states SGk——Effect of the standard value of the ith permanent action SGid——Effect of the design value of the ith permanent action Sox——Effect of the standard value of the automobile load with impact coefficient SQd
Effect of the design value of the automobile load with impact coefficient Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System5 Limit state equation limitstateequatian The relationship between the basic variables when the structure or component is in the limit state. 2.1.6 Basic variables basicvariables
The main variables that affect the reliability of the structure. They are generally random variables. 2.1.7 Structural function functionofstructuralperformance Function of basic variables as independent variables used to describe the functional status of the structure.
Calibration method calibrationmethod
A method to determine the target reliability index used in structural design through inverse analysis of the implicit reliability level of existing structures or previous design specifications. 3
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
3reliabilityindexβ
2.1.9 Reliability index β
A quantitative index defined by β=一@-1(p) to measure the reliability of the structure, where @-1(·) is the inverse function of the standard normal distribution. The reliability index specified by the standard as the basis for structural design is called the target reliability index. 2.1.10 Stochastic processes Random variables that vary with continuous time parameters. They can be described by a random process probability model.
Probability distribution probability distribution 2.1.11
Description of the statistical law of random variables, generally expressed by probability density function or probability distribution function.
2.1.12 Statistical parameter
statistical parameter
Generally refers to the numerical characteristics of random variables, such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, etc.
Fractile
The variable value corresponding to a certain probability of the random variable distribution function. 2.1.14 Representative value of action representative value of acts The specified value of actions used for different design purposes when designing structures or structural components, which includes standard value of actions, quasi-permanent value, frequent value, etc. 2.1.15
Combination of action effects combination for action effects The random superposition of the effects produced by several actions on the structure. 2.1.16 Additive Geometrical Quantity The adjusted value of the geometric parameter of the actual structure or structural member due to the deviation from the standard value.
2.1.17 Resistance
The ability of a structure or structural member to withstand the effects of action, including bearing capacity, stiffness, crack resistance, etc.
2.1.18 Coefficient for Importance of Structure
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
For structures with different safety levels, the partial coefficient adopted to make them have the specified reliability.
Coefficient for Combination of Faction Effects In the combination of action effects, the reduction factor adopted for the action due to the low probability of the most unfavorable values of several independent variable action effects occurring at the same time. Partial safety factor
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. It is divided into two categories: action partial factor and resistance partial factor.
2.1.21 Reliability coefficient
reliability coefficient
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the single comprehensive coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. 2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Symbols related to structural reliability
Probability of failure of a structure
P.——Structural reliability (reliability probability)
R—Resistance of structure or structural component
S Effect of action
Design reference period of a structure
——i-th basic variable
Z——Structural function
βReliability index of structure
Limit——Average value of resistance of structure or structural component
Standard deviation of resistance of structure or structural component
Coefficient of variation of resistance of structure or structural component Number 1 Average value of action effect
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
as—Standard deviation of action effect
as—Coefficient of variation of action effect
2.2.2 Symbols related to action and action effect
F—Structural action
G—Permanent action
G—Standard value of permanent action
Q—Variable action
Q—Standard value of variable action
S—Standard value of action effect
S. Effect of design value of action
2.2.3 Symbols related to materials, geotechnical properties and geometric parametersa
-Geometric parameters of structure or structural component
-Standard value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component-Design value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentf-Structural material and geotechnical properties
-Standard value of material and geotechnical properties
-Design value of material and geotechnical properties
-Average value of material and geotechnical properties
-Coefficient of variation of material and geotechnical properties
Aa———Additional value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentAa
-Average value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component. —Coefficient of variation of geometric parameters of structures or structural members 2.2.4 Symbols related to the design formula of structural limit states SGk——Effect of the standard value of the ith permanent action SGid——Effect of the design value of the ith permanent action Sox——Effect of the standard value of the automobile load with impact coefficient SQd
Effect of the design value of the automobile load with impact coefficient Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System16AdditivegeametricalquantityThe adjusted value of the geometric parameters of the actual structure or structural member due to the deviation from the standard value.
2.1.17Resistance
The ability of a structure or structural member to withstand action effects, including bearing capacity, stiffness, crack resistance, etc.
2.1.18Coefficientforimportanceofstructure
EngineeringConstructionStandardFull-textInformationSystem
EngineeringConstructionStandardFull-textInformationSystem
For structures with different safety levels, the partial coefficient adopted to make them have the specified reliability.
CoefficientforcombinationfactioneffectsIn the combination of action effects, the reduction factor adopted for the action due to the low probability of the most unfavorable values of several independent variable action effects occurring at the same time. Partial safety factor
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. It is divided into two categories: action partial factor and resistance partial factor.
2.1.21 Reliability coefficient
reliability coefficient
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the single comprehensive coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. 2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Symbols related to structural reliability
Probability of failure of a structure
P.——Structural reliability (reliability probability)
R—Resistance of structure or structural component
S Effect of action
Design reference period of a structure
——i-th basic variable
Z——Structural function
βReliability index of structure
Limit——Average value of resistance of structure or structural component
Standard deviation of resistance of structure or structural component
Coefficient of variation of resistance of structure or structural component Number 1 Average value of action effect
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
as—Standard deviation of action effect
as—Coefficient of variation of action effect
2.2.2 Symbols related to action and action effect
F—Structural action
G—Permanent action
G—Standard value of permanent action
Q—Variable action
Q—Standard value of variable action
S—Standard value of action effect
S. Effect of design value of action
2.2.3 Symbols related to materials, geotechnical properties and geometric parametersa
-Geometric parameters of structure or structural component
-Standard value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component-Design value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentf-Structural material and geotechnical properties
-Standard value of material and geotechnical properties
-Design value of material and geotechnical properties
-Average value of material and geotechnical properties
-Coefficient of variation of material and geotechnical properties
Aa———Additional value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentAa
-Average value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component. —Coefficient of variation of geometric parameters of structures or structural members 2.2.4 Symbols related to the design formula of structural limit states SGk——Effect of the standard value of the ith permanent action SGid——Effect of the design value of the ith permanent action Sox——Effect of the standard value of the automobile load with impact coefficient SQd
Effect of the design value of the automobile load with impact coefficient Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System16AdditivegeametricalquantityThe adjusted value of the geometric parameters of the actual structure or structural member due to the deviation from the standard value.
2.1.17Resistance
The ability of a structure or structural member to withstand action effects, including bearing capacity, stiffness, crack resistance, etc.
2.1.18Coefficientforimportanceofstructure
EngineeringConstructionStandardFull-textInformationSystem
EngineeringConstructionStandardFull-textInformationSystem
For structures with different safety levels, the partial coefficient adopted to make them have the specified reliability.
CoefficientforcombinationfactioneffectsIn the combination of action effects, the reduction factor adopted for the action due to the low probability of the most unfavorable values of several independent variable action effects occurring at the same time. Partial safety factor
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. It is divided into two categories: action partial factor and resistance partial factor.
2.1.21 Reliability coefficient
reliability coefficient
When designing with the probabilistic limit state design method, the single comprehensive coefficient used in the design expression to ensure that the designed structure has the specified reliability. 2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Symbols related to structural reliability
Probability of failure of a structure
P.——Structural reliability (reliability probability)
R—Resistance of structure or structural component
S Effect of action
Design reference period of a structure
——i-th basic variable
Z——Structural function
βReliability index of structure
Limit——Average value of resistance of structure or structural component
Standard deviation of resistance of structure or structural component
Coefficient of variation of resistance of structure or structural component Number 1 Average value of action effect
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
as—Standard deviation of action effect
as—Coefficient of variation of action effect
2.2.2 Symbols related to action and action effect
F—Structural action
G—Permanent action
G—Standard value of permanent action
Q—Variable action
Q—Standard value of variable action
S—Standard value of action effect
S. Effect of design value of action
2.2.3 Symbols related to materials, geotechnical properties and geometric parametersa
-Geometric parameters of structure or structural component
-Standard value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component-Design value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentf-Structural material and geotechnical properties
-Standard value of material and geotechnical properties
-Design value of material and geotechnical properties
-Average value of material and geotechnical properties
-Coefficient of variation of material and geotechnical properties
Aa———Additional value of geometric parameters of structure or structural componentAa
-Average value of geometric parameters of structure or structural component. —Coefficient of variation of geometric parameters of structures or structural members 2.2.4 Symbols related to the design formula of structural limit states SGk——Effect of the standard value of the ith permanent action SGid——Effect of the design value of the ith permanent action Sox——Effect of the standard value of the automobile load with impact coefficient SQd
Effect of the design value of the automobile load with impact coefficient Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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