Network planning techniques - Part 3: General process used in project management
Some standard content:
ICS07.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T13400.3—2009
Replaces GB/T13400.3—1992
Network planning techniques
Part 3: General process used in project management management2009-05-06Released
Digital anti-injury
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
2009-11-01Implementation
Normative references
Terms and definitions
General principles
Stages and steps for the application of network planning technology in project managementPreparation
Determine the network planning objectives
Investigation and research
Project decomposition
Work plan design
Draw a network diagram
Relationship analysis
Network diagram composition
8 Calculation parameters
Calculate the duration of work and overlap time
8.2 Calculate other times Parameters
8.3 Determine the critical path
9 Prepare a feasible network plan
Check and revise
Prepare a feasible network plan
Determine the formal network plan
Network plan optimization
Determine the network plan·
Implementation and control of the network plan
Implementation of the network plan·
Check and data collection
Control and adjustment
12 Closing
Summary·
GB/T13400.3-2009
GB/T13400 "Network Planning Technology" is divided into three parts: Part 1: Common terms:
Part 2: General provisions of network drawing method; Part 3: General procedures applied in project management. GB/T13400.3—2009
This part is Part 3 of GB/T13400 and replaces GB/T13400.3-1992 "General procedures for the application of network planning technology in project daily planning management".
Compared with GB/T13400.31992, this part has the following major changes: Name change: from "General procedures for the application of network planning technology in project daily planning management" to "Network planning technology Part 3: General procedures for application in project management"; the overall arrangement and structure of the standard have been modified according to GB/T1.1-2000: Table of contents and foreword have been added: Chapter 1 "Subject content and scope of application" has been renamed "Scope"; Chapter 2 "Reference standards" has been renamed "Normative reference documents"; Chapter 3 "Terms and definitions" has been added;
In the general procedures, the stage "Time parameter calculation and determination of critical paths" has been renamed "Calculation parameters", the stage "Optimize and determine the formal network plan" has been renamed "Determine the formal network plan", and the "End stage" has been renamed "Closing"; in the general procedures, the step "Project decomposition" has been adjusted from the "Drawing network diagram" stage to the "Preparation" stage, The "summary analysis" step is divided into two steps: "analysis" and "summary"; the basic basis of each stage and step in a general procedure is clearly emphasized; table titles are added to the tables appearing in the standard: the "work analysis table" and "calculation time parameter results" are given in the form of tables; some textual descriptions of the standard are edited to achieve the purpose of being more concise, popular, and logically consistent. This part is proposed and managed by the China National Institute of Standardization. The main drafting units of this part are: China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing Engineering Management Science Society, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Liaoning Provincial Standardization and Elegant Chemical Research Institute.
The main drafters of this part are: Li Xiaolin, Cong Peijing, Zhan Wei, Zhang Mennai, Gan Shao, Hong Yan, Ren Guanhua, Wang Dehai, and Zhao Keling. This part was first issued in 1992, and this revision is the th revision. GB/T13400.3-2009
The knowledge economy era is an era of rapid development of project compliance. Reality shows that most activities in today's human society can be operated according to projects. Project management is penetrating into various fields with a new way of thinking and management model, and has become a necessary means for human survival and the promotion of social development. With the continuous deepening of people's understanding of projects and project management, project management has experienced a development process from traditional to modern, and has gradually developed into a systematic discipline with scientific concepts, theories, knowledge, methods, techniques and means. Project management is a process of taking projects as the object, and according to the characteristics and laws of projects, efficiently planning, organizing, leading, controlling and coordinating project operations to achieve project goals. The main contents of project management include: project scope management, project time management, project cost management, project quality management, project human resource management, project communication management, project risk management, project procurement management, and comprehensive project management. The knowledge involved in project management includes general management knowledge, project management-specific knowledge, and knowledge related to projects and related matters. Knowledge of application fields. The sum of these knowledge constitutes the project management knowledge body, which includes network planning technology. Network planning technology is the most critical method in project management. The standardization of its application program plays a decisive role in the application effect of network planning technology. Network planning technicians created a special technology in management practice to manage projects independently to ensure the realization of predetermined goals. Scientific planning expression is an effective management method and is widely used in the planning and management technology of project management. It is both the implementation and control stages. Its biggest feature is that it can provide a variety of information for project management, thereby helping managers to reasonably organize project implementation, coordinate planning to clarify key points, optimize resources, and achieve project goals. In my country, network technology was promoted and applied in the 1960s. It began to be combined with page management in the 1980s, gradually becoming an integral part, and has been greatly developed, accumulating rich experience. In order to standardize the application of network planning technology in project management, this part of GB/T13400 provides guidance for the application of computer-aided network planning technology in project management, but does not involve professional operations in computer software. 1 Scope Network planning technology GB/T13400.3-2009 Part 3: General procedures for application in project management This part of GB/T13400 specifies the general procedures for the application of network planning technology in project management. This part is applicable to the management of projects in various fields. 2 Normative references The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this part through reference in this part of GB/T13400. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to an agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any referenced document without a date, the latest version shall apply to this part.
GB/T13400.1
Common terms for network planning technology
GB/T13400.2-2009
Network planning technology Part 2: General provisions for network planning 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions determined in GB/T13400.1 apply to this part. 4 General principles
4.1 The general procedures for the application of network planning technology shall be studied by taking project management and its related elements as a system. 4.2 The phase division of the application of network planning technology shall be conducive to strengthening project management. 4.3 The formulation of procedures shall be conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of the organization to the maximum extent, facilitate communication and coordination, and optimize the comprehensiveness of the construction period, resources, cost, quality and other standards
4.4 The management of network planning is a complete system dynamic process, and its procedure formulation shall be based on continuous control and adjustment during implementation. The stages and steps of network planning technology in project management The stages and steps of network planning technology in project management are shown in Table 1. Table 1 The stages and steps of network planning technology in project management Sequence
Draw network diagram
Calculate parameters
Implement network planning goals
Investigation and research
Project decomposition
Work plan design
Logical relationship analysis
Network diagram composition
Calculate work duration and overlap time
Calculate other time parameters
Determine critical path
GB/T13400.3—2009
Prepare feasible network plan
Determine formal network plan
Implementation and control of network plan
6 Preparation
Determine network plan
6.1.1 Basis
Determine network plan based on the following: Table 1 (continued)
Check and correct
Prepare feasible network plan
Network plan optimization
Determine network plan
Implementation of final network plan
Check and data collection
Control and adjust
Project specification: Detailed description of the project deliverables, work that must be carried out to deliver these deliverables, project objectives, main
Environmental factors, culture, organizational structure, resources, relevant standards, specifications, systems, etc. b)
Main contents of the target
Time target
Time-resource target;
Time-cost
Investigation and research
Main contents of investigation and research
Investigation and research generally include the following contents:
Project-related work and engineering implementation conditions, design data and other information; relevant standards, quotas, procedures and systems, etc.; resource demand and supply situation
Fund demand and supply situation
Related experience, statistical data and historical data; other relevant technical and economic data, etc.
Investigation and research methods
Investigation and research can use the following methods:
Actual observation, measurement and inquiry;
Conference investigation;
Information consultation:
Computer retrieval:
Forecast and analysis, etc.
6.3 Project Decomposition
According to the requirements of project management and network planning, decompose the project into smaller and easier-to-manage basic units. 2
6.3.2 Principles
a) Project decomposition can be oriented to objects, structures, teams, processes and deliverables. The level of decomposition and the scope of tasks should be determined according to the specific situation. b)
6.3.3 Basis
a) Project scope;
b) Project objectives;
Investigation information and implementation condition analysis.
6.3.4 Results
a) Project decomposition description;
b) Work breakdown structure (WBS) diagram or table for the project. 6.4 Work plan design
6.4.1 Basis
6.4.2 Main content
The work plan design should include the following contents
Determine the work sequence;
Determine the work (production) method:
Select the necessary resources;
Determine the work management organization of children and infants
Determine the work guarantee measures
Determine the network diagram type to be used
6.4.3 Basic requirements
The basic requirements of the work plan design should include the following items: a)
Seek the best working procedure;
Ensure the work quality, safety, energy saving and environmental protection. Use advanced concepts, technologies and experience
Reasonable division of labor and clear responsibilities;
It is conducive to improving efficiency
Shortening construction period and increasing benefits.
Drawing a network diagram
7.1 Logical relationship analysis
7.1.1 Basis
Logical relationship analysis is based on the following:
a) Designed work plan;
b) Project decomposed work;
Collected relevant information;
d) Professional work experience and management work experience of the planner, etc. 7.1.2 Logical relationship types
Logical relationship types include process relationship, organizational relationship, etc. 7.1.3 Procedure for logical relationship analysis
Determine the predecessor (or successor) and overlapping relationship of each task: a
b) Complete the logical relationship analysis part (35 columns) in the work analysis table (see Table 2) GB/T13400.32009
GB/T13400.3--2009
Job name
7.2 Network diagram composition
7.2.1 Basis
Predecessor
(or successor
task)
Logical relationship| |tt||Table 2 Work Analysis Table
Related Work
Drawing a network diagram should comply with the following basis:
a) The logical relationship of work shown in the 35th column of Table 2; b) The selected network diagram type;
c) The various provisions of GB/T13400.2--2009 7.2.2 requirements
Drawing a network diagram should meet the following requirements:
a) Draw in accordance with the provisions of 4.4 of GB/T13400.2-2009; b) Convenient to use;
Convenient for the combination of sub-diagrams and combined diagrams of work.
Steps for drawing a network diagram
Determine the layout of the network diagram:
Start from the starting work and draw from left to right in sequence; Check the work and logical relationship;
Make corrections:
Node numbering.
8 Calculation parameters
8.1 Basis for calculating work duration and overlap time
The calculation of work duration should be based on the following: a) network diagram;
b) workload;
resource supply capacity;
d) work organization method:
e) work capacity and efficiency;
D selected calculation method.
8.1.2 Calculation method
The following methods can be used to calculate time parameters: a) Estimation based on previous practical experience;
Calculation through experiments;
Calculation based on quotas, see formula (1): D=
Shortest estimated time
Work duration
Three-time estimation method
Longest estimated time
Most likely
Estimated time
Expected duration
...(1)
Where:
-Work duration, month, ten days, week, day, hour, etc.; D
-Work task volume;
Quantity of resources;
-Work efficiency quota.
GB/T13400.3—2009
For general non-affirmative networks, the working duration can be estimated by the “three-time estimation method”, as shown in formula (2): d
D. =a+4m+b
Wu Zhong:
D. ----Expected duration calculation value:
Shortest estimated time;
6-——Longest estimated time:
Most likely estimated time.
Other methods
8.1.3 Calculation results
a) Work duration
. (2)
Overlap time: start to start (STS), start to finish (S/FS), finish to start (F7S), finish to finish (FTF); b)
One of the four relationships
8.2 Calculation of other time parameters
8.2.1 Types of other time parameters
Other time parameters include the following items
a) Work time parameters: Earliest start time (S) Earliest finish time (EF) Latest start time (IS), latest finish time (LF) Total time difference (TF), free time (FFb) Node time parameters: Earliest time of node (ET), node latest time (LT) c) node time interval (LAG)
d) construction period (T) calculated construction period (T) planned construction period (T) 8.2.2 Calculation results
Time parameters should be calculated using computer software. The calculation results of time parameters are recorded in the format of Table 3, or they can be directly marked on the network plan diagram s
Table 3 Calculation results of time parameters
Job name
8.3 Determine the critical path
8.3.1 Basis
Work duration
Determine the critical path based on the following: a) Network diagram:
b) Calculation results of time parameters;
Rules, methods and identification for determining the critical path. c
8.3.2 Method
Time parameter
Is it a critical work
a) From the starting node to the end node of the network plan diagram, the line with the longest duration is the critical line: 5
GB/T13400.3—2009
b) In the double-code network plan, the key tasks with the minimum total time difference from the starting node to the end node of the network diagram are connected in series, which is the key path:
In the single-code network plan, the nodes with the minimum total time difference and zero time interval are connected in series, which is the key path 9. Preparation of feasible network plan
9.1 Inspection and correction
9.1.1 Main content of inspection
The main content of inspection should include the following: a) Whether the construction period meets the requirements;
Whether the resource demand meets the conditions and whether the resource allocation meets the resource supply conditions: b) Whether the cost meets the requirements.
Content and method of correction
Construction period correction: When the "calculated construction period" cannot meet the predetermined time target requirements, correction should be made. The correction method is: appropriately compress the duration of key tasks, change the work plan or logical relationship. b)
Resource correction: When the resource demand exceeds the supply conditions, correction should be made. The correction method is: extend the duration of non-critical work to reduce the resource demand; flexibly arrange the start and end time of non-critical work within the allowable range of total time difference and under the premise of other conditions, so as to reduce the resource demand. 9.2 Preparation of feasible network plan
9.2.1 Basis
The feasible network plan should be prepared based on the results of the correction in 9.1.2. 9.2.2 Requirements
The preparation of feasible network plan should meet the following requirements: a) Implement the provisions of 7.2.2 of this part;
Execute the results of network plan correction;
When the network plan is complex or the construction period is long, it can be refined by grading or layering. 10 Determine the formal network plan
10.1 Network plan optimization
The feasible network plan generally needs to be optimized before it can be compiled into a formal network plan. When there is no optimization requirement, the feasible network plan can be used as the formal network plan.
10.1.1 Determination of optimization goals
Network plan optimization goals generally have the following options: a) Construction period optimization;
b) "Fixed time, balanced resources" optimization; c) "Limited resources, shortest construction period" optimization; d) Time-cost optimization.
10.1.2 Network plan optimization procedure
Network plan should be optimized according to the following procedures a) Determine the optimization target:
b) Select the optimization method and optimize:
c) Review and make decisions on the optimization results. 6
10.2 Determination of the network plan
10.2.1 Preparation of the network plan description
The network plan description generally includes the following contents: a)
Preparation description;
List of main plan indicators;
Key description of the implementation plan:
Problems to be solved and main measures;
Other issues that need to be explained;
Description of the scope of work time difference allocation.
10.2.2 Determination of the formal network plan
Based on the optimization results of the network plan, a formal network plan to be implemented should be formulated and submitted for approval. 11
Implementation and control of network plan
Implementation of network plan
The implementation of network plan should carry out the following work:a) Organize and implement according to the approved network plan; establish a corresponding organizational guarantee system;
Organize publicity and implementation, and carry out necessary training:
GB/T13400.3—2009
Implement each work in the network plan to the responsible unit, the operational network plan must be implemented to the responsible person, and formulate corresponding guarantee plan implementation Specific measures, 11.2 Inspection and data collection
11.2.1 Requirements
The inspection and data collection during the implementation of the network plan should meet the following requirements: Establish and improve the corresponding inspection system and the implementation data collection and reporting system: a)
b) Establish relevant databases;
Regularly, irregularly or on an emergency basis, inspect the implementation of the network plan and collect relevant data; e
Analyze the inspection results and the relevant data collected and fed back, grasp the key, determine countermeasures, and take corresponding measures. 11.2.2 Main content
The inspection and data collection of the network plan include the following main contents: the progress of key work;
b) the progress of non-key work and the use of time difference; changes in the logical relationship of work;
resource status;
cost status;
) other problems that exist.
11.2.3 Methods
The following methods can be used to record the implementation progress during inspection: a) When the time-scale network plan is adopted, the "actual progress forward line method" or "cutting line method" can be used; b) When the time-scale network plan is not adopted, it can be directly expressed in words or appropriate symbols on the diagram, or it can be recorded in a list; c) earned value method, etc.
11.3 Control and Adjustment
11.3.1 Basis
Network plan control and adjustment should be based on the following: 7
GB/T13400.3-—2009
Approved formal network plan:
Relevant information provided by performance reports;
Change requests.
Time;
Resources:
Cost;
Work:
Others.
When deviations occur during the execution of the network plan, timely corrections must be made, and network plan corrections should be implemented according to the following procedures: a)
Determine the object and target of correction;
Select corrective measures;
Evaluate and decide on corrective measures;
Determine the updated network plan and put it into practice. d)
12 Closing
12.1 Analysis
After the network plan task is completed, an analysis should be conducted. The analysis should include the following: a) The completion status of each target;
b) Problems and their causes in planning and control work; c) Experience in planning and control work;
d) Measures to improve the level of planning and control work. 12.2 Summary
The summary of planning and control work should meet the following requirements: a) The summary should form a system, complete the summary report, and be included in organizational norms when necessary; b) Archiving1 Preparation of Network Plan Description
Network plan description generally includes the following contents: a)
Preparation description;
List of main plan indicators;
Key description of execution plan:
Problems to be solved and main measures;
Other issues to be explained;
Description of working time difference allocation range.
10.2.2 Determination of formal network plan
Formulate the formal network plan to be implemented based on the optimization results of the network plan, and submit it for approval. 11
Implementation and control of network plan
Implementation of network plan
The implementation of network plan should carry out the following work:a) Organize and implement according to the approved network plan; establish a corresponding organizational guarantee system;
Organize publicity and implementation, and carry out necessary training:
GB/T13400.3—2009
Implement each work in the network plan to the responsible unit, the operational network plan must be implemented to the responsible person, and formulate corresponding guarantee plan implementation Specific measures, 11.2 Inspection and data collection
11.2.1 Requirements
The inspection and data collection during the implementation of the network plan should meet the following requirements: Establish and improve the corresponding inspection system and the implementation data collection and reporting system: a)
b) Establish relevant databases;
Regularly, irregularly or on an emergency basis, inspect the implementation of the network plan and collect relevant data; e
Analyze the inspection results and the relevant data collected and fed back, grasp the key, determine countermeasures, and take corresponding measures. 11.2.2 Main content
The inspection and data collection of the network plan include the following main contents: the progress of key work;
b) the progress of non-key work and the use of time difference; changes in the logical relationship of work;
resource status;
cost status;
) other problems that exist.
11.2.3 Methods
The following methods can be used to record the implementation progress during inspection: a) When the time-scale network plan is adopted, the "actual progress forward line method" or "cutting line method" can be used; b) When the time-scale network plan is not adopted, it can be directly expressed in words or appropriate symbols on the diagram, or it can be recorded in a list; c) earned value method, etc.
11.3 Control and Adjustment
11.3.1 Basis
Network plan control and adjustment should be based on the following: 7
GB/T13400.3-—2009
Approved formal network plan:
Relevant information provided by performance reports;
Change requests.
Time;
Resources:
Cost;
Work:
Others.
When deviations occur during the execution of the network plan, timely corrections must be made, and network plan corrections should be implemented according to the following procedures: a)
Determine the object and target of correction;
Select corrective measures;
Evaluate and decide on corrective measures;
Determine the updated network plan and put it into practice. d)
12 Closing
12.1 Analysis
After the network plan task is completed, an analysis should be conducted. The analysis should include the following: a) The completion status of each target;
b) Problems and their causes in planning and control work; c) Experience in planning and control work;
d) Measures to improve the level of planning and control work. 12.2 Summary
The summary of planning and control work should meet the following requirements: a) The summary should form a system, complete the summary report, and be included in organizational norms when necessary; b) Archiving1 Preparation of Network Plan Description
Network plan description generally includes the following contents: a)
Preparation description;
List of main plan indicators;
Key description of execution plan:
Problems to be solved and main measures;
Other issues to be explained;
Description of working time difference allocation range.
10.2.2 Determination of formal network plan
Formulate the formal network plan to be implemented based on the optimization results of the network plan, and submit it for approval. 11
Implementation and control of network plan
Implementation of network plan
The implementation of network plan should carry out the following work:a) Organize and implement according to the approved network plan; establish a corresponding organizational guarantee system;
Organize publicity and implementation, and carry out necessary training:
GB/T13400.3—2009
Implement each work in the network plan to the responsible unit, the operational network plan must be implemented to the responsible person, and formulate corresponding guarantee plan implementation Specific measures, 11.2 Inspection and data collection
11.2.1 Requirements
The inspection and data collection during the implementation of the network plan should meet the following requirements: Establish and improve the corresponding inspection system and the implementation data collection and reporting system: a)
b) Establish relevant databases;
Regularly, irregularly or on an emergency basis, inspect the implementation of the network plan and collect relevant data; e
Analyze the inspection results and the relevant data collected and fed back, grasp the key, determine countermeasures, and take corresponding measures. 11.2.2 Main content
The inspection and data collection of the network plan include the following main contents: the progress of key work;
b) the progress of non-key work and the use of time difference; changes in the logical relationship of work;
resource status;
cost status;
) other problems that exist.
11.2.3 Methods
The following methods can be used to record the implementation progress during inspection: a) When the time-scale network plan is adopted, the "actual progress forward line method" or "cutting line method" can be used; b) When the time-scale network plan is not adopted, it can be directly expressed in words or appropriate symbols on the diagram, or it can be recorded in a list; c) earned value method, etc.
11.3 Control and Adjustment
11.3.1 Basis
Network plan control and adjustment should be based on the following: 7
GB/T13400.3-—2009
Approved formal network plan:
Relevant information provided by performance reports;Www.bzxZ.net
Change requests.
Time;
Resources:
Cost;
Work:
Others.
When deviations occur during the execution of the network plan, timely corrections must be made, and network plan corrections should be implemented according to the following procedures: a)
Determine the object and target of correction;
Select corrective measures;
Evaluate and decide on corrective measures;
Determine the updated network plan and put it into practice. d)
12 Closing
12.1 Analysis
After the network plan task is completed, an analysis should be conducted. The analysis should include the following: a) The completion status of each target;
b) Problems and their causes in planning and control work; c) Experience in planning and control work;
d) Measures to improve the level of planning and control work. 12.2 Summary
The summary of planning and control work should meet the following requirements: a) The summary should form a system, complete the summary report, and be included in organizational norms when necessary; b) Archiving
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