GB 19218-2003 Technical requirements for medical waste incinerators (Trial)
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB19128—2003
Technical requirements for medical waste incinerators
(Trial)
Technical standard for medical waste incinerator2003-06-30Promulgated
State Environmental Protection Administration
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
National Development and Reform Commission
2003-06-30Implementation
This standard is formulated to implement the "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste", prevent and control the pollution of the environment by medical waste incinerators, protect the health of the lake and the people.
This standard is proposed by the Science and Technology Standards Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Communications of the State Administration of Standardization, and the Environment and Resources Comprehensive Utilization Department of the State Development and Reform Commission. This standard is drafted by the Institute of Solid Pollution Control Technology of the National Research Institute of Environmental Sciences. This standard is a trial standard, which will be implemented from June 30, 2003, with a trial period of one year. 1. Scope of application
Technical requirements for medical waste incinerators (trial) This standard applies to the design and manufacture of incinerators for treating medical waste. 2. Referenced standards
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part, however, the parties to the agreement based on this part are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated referenced documents, the latest versions shall apply to this part. GB8978—1996 Integrated sewage discharge standard GB18484—2001 Pollution control standard for hazardous waste incineration GB/T16157-1996 Method for determination of particulate matter in exhaust gas from stationary pollution sources and sampling of gaseous pollutants HJ/T201998 Technical specification for sampling and preparation of industrial solid waste 3. Definition
3.1 Medical waste: Infectious waste generated by hospitals, health and epidemic prevention units, patient sanatoriums, medical research units, etc., mainly including:
1) Hospital clinical infectious waste Waste, including waste from surgery or autopsy (such as tissues, contaminated materials and instruments, etc.), waste medical materials and instruments contaminated by blood or human body fluids, and other waste (such as waste dressings, waste medical gloves, waste syringes, waste infusion sets, waste blood transfusion sets, etc.); 2) Waste generated by hospital hemodialysis (such as discarded equipment, test tubes, filters, aprons, gloves, etc.); 3) Waste containing bacterial colonies and pathogen culture fluids and bacterial preservation fluids generated in clinical, teaching, research and other medical activities, as well as infected animal bodies; || tt||4) All wastes generated by infectious wards (such as excrement, waste dressings, domestic garbage and any other waste equipment and waste materials that patients have come into contact with);
5) Waste sharp objects generated by the hospital, including waste needles, waste hypodermic needles, waste scalpels, waste infusion sets, waste surgical saws, broken glass, etc.; 6) Sludge generated by hospital wastewater treatment;
7) Expired pharmaceutical and chemical wastes
3.2 Incinerator: Use thermal technology to treat waste to decompose it and achieve zero 3.3 Thermal reduction rate: refers to the percentage of the mass of the incineration residue reduced by incineration to the mass of the original incineration residue, and the calculation method is as follows:
P=(AB)/A×100%
Where: P thermal reduction rate, %;
A the mass of the original incineration residue at room temperature after drying, g; B the mass of the incineration residue cooled to room temperature after incineration at 600℃ (±25℃) for 3h, g. 3.4 Flue gas residence time: the residence time of the flue gas generated by combustion from the last combustion air injection port or the burner outlet to the flue cold air injection port. 3.5 Incinerator temperature: the temperature at the center of the incinerator combustion chamber outlet. 3.6 Reference state: the gas state at a temperature of 273.16K, a pressure of 101.325kPa, and an oxygen content of 11% (dry flue gas).
4. Basic requirements
4.1 The design of the incinerator should ensure that its service life is not less than 10 years. 4.2 The technical performance of the refractory materials used in the incinerator should meet the requirements of the combustion atmosphere of the incinerator, and the quality should meet the corresponding technical standards of the selected refractory materials, and be able to withstand the alternating thermal stress of the working state of the incinerator. 4.3 The appearance of the incinerator body should be strict and regular, without obvious concave and convex scars or damage: the paint surface should be smooth and firm, without obvious paint hanging and paint particles; the surface treatment parts should be smooth and free of rust. 4.4 The door of the incinerator should be flexible to open and close, tight and light. The size of the furnace door should match the size of the medical waste packaging to avoid the medical waste packaging from being scattered and broken during feeding. 4.5 The incinerator should use a closed automatic feeding device, and can be connected with the automatic unloading device to avoid contact between the operator and the medical waste as much as possible.
4.6 The incinerator should be equipped with a secondary combustion chamber; the secondary combustion chamber should be equipped with combustion air and auxiliary combustion devices. 4.7 The design of the incinerator bed should prevent the leakage of liquid or incompletely burned waste, ensure that incompletely burned medical waste does not leak into the slag through the bed, and enable the air to be evenly distributed along the bed. 4.8 The incinerator should have a complete flue gas purification device. The flue gas purification device should include an acid gas removal device, a dust removal device and a dioxin control device, and have anti-corrosion measures. The dust removal device should give priority to bag dust collectors. If a wet dust removal device is selected, it must be equipped with complete wastewater treatment facilities. Electrostatic dust removal and mechanical dust removal devices shall not be used. 4.9 The incinerator should be equipped with a monitoring system, a control system, an alarm system and emergency safety and explosion-proof devices. The monitoring system can display online the parameters that characterize the operating conditions of the incinerator, such as the combustion temperature and furnace pressure of the incinerator. 4.10 The flue gas purification device of the incinerator should be equipped with an online automatic flue gas monitoring system to monitor the flue gas emission status. 5. Technical performance requirements
5.1 The technical performance requirements of medical waste incinerators are shown in Table 15.2. The selection of the volume heat load and cross-sectional heat load of the main combustion chamber of the incinerator should meet the requirement that the center temperature of the furnace is not less than 750°C when the waste has a low calorific value of 1000Kcal/h. The selection of the furnace size should ensure that the medical waste has sufficient residence time in the furnace to ensure that the waste is fully burned. 5.3 The oxygen content in the flue gas at the outlet of the medical waste incinerator should be 6%-10% (dry flue gas). 5.4 During the operation of the medical waste incinerator, the system must be kept in a negative pressure state to avoid the escape of harmful gases. 5.5 The surface temperature of the furnace body shall not be higher than 50°C. 5.6 The height of the exhaust chimney of the incinerator should be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB18484. Table 1 Technical performance indicators of medical waste incinerators Incinerator temperature (℃)
≥850
6. Environmental protection technical indicators
Flue gas residence time (S)
Thermal ignition reduction rate of incineration residue (%)
6.1 The emission limit of the exhaust gas of the medical waste incinerator under the reference state shall not be higher than the limit specified in GB18484-2001 (see Appendix 1).
6.2 Other environmental protection technical indicators are shown in Table 2. Table 2 Technical indicators of environmental protection equipment of medical waste incinerators Limit value No.
Residue bacterial content
6.3 If there is sewage discharge from the medical waste incinerator, it should be disinfected before discharge. The monitoring items of sewage should include pH value, Fi, NO3, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, fecal coliform group and total residual chlorine (see Appendix 2). 6.4 Medical waste incineration fly ash shall be safely disposed of as hazardous waste. 7. Safety requirements for incinerators
7.1 The burner of the incinerator should be equipped with a safety protection device. After the burner is started, the safety protection device should be able to automatically cut off the fuel supply and alarm when the ignition is abnormal. 7.2 Before the incinerator stops running (including normal shutdown and safety program shutdown), there must be a procedure for cooling the combustion chamber. When the temperature of the combustion chamber drops to the set value, the cooling program stops and the incinerator stops working. 7.3 The incinerator must have explosion-proof measures and devices. 7.4 The power supply of the incinerator must have a leakage protection device. 7.5 Under normal temperature and relative humidity not exceeding 85%, the insulation resistance of the electrical circuit shall not be less than 2M and can withstand 1min power frequency (50Hz) and voltage 1500V experiments, and there shall be no breakdown and short circuit. 7.6 Each connector must be accurately positioned and reliably connected. 7.7 The connecting wires between the control box and each controlled device must be protected by metal hard and hose. 7.8 The oil and gas circuit attached to the furnace body and its accessories should be installed firmly, and there shall be no leakage at the connection. 8. Inspection method
8.1 Furnace temperature The temperature at the center of the incinerator combustion chamber outlet is measured by thermocouple. 8.2 Flue gas residence time and furnace heat load are determined according to the design documents. 8.3 Determination of thermal burn-off rate: Samples are taken and prepared according to HJ/T20, and according to this technical requirement 3.3 requirements are measured and calculated, and the average value of three times is taken as the judgment value. 8.4 The analytical test method for the emission of gas pollutants from the medical waste incinerator system shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB18484 (see Appendix 3).
8.5 The sewage generated by the medical waste incinerator shall be tested for its emission pollutants in accordance with the method specified in GB8978 (see Appendix 4).
8.6 The oxygen concentration shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T16157. 8.7 The insulation resistance of the electrical appliance shall be measured with a 500V megohmmeter: the insulation strength shall be subjected to a 50Hz, 1500V AC voltage withstand test for 1min.
8.7 The safe ignition time of the oil or gas burner is 5s to 7s. If ignition failure or fault flameout occurs, the safety protection device shall be able to automatically cut off the fuel supply. The stop scavenging time before re-ignition shall not be less than 30s. Test once every 3 minutes, test continuously for 10 times, and the number of successes shall not be less than 9 times. Appendix 1 Emission limits of air pollutants from medical waste incinerators 1) Serial number
Smoke blackness
Pollutants
Carbon dioxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Nitrogen oxides (in terms of NO2)
Mercury and its compounds (in terms of Hg)
Cadmium and its compounds (in terms of Cd)
Arsenic, nickel and its compounds (in terms of As+Ni) Lead and its compounds (in terms of Pb)
Chromium, tin, antimony, copper, manganese and their compounds (in terms of Cr+Sn+Sb+Cu+Mn (Calculation)
Dioxin
The maximum allowable emission concentration limit at different incineration capacities (mg/m) ≤300(kg/h)
300～2500
(kg/h)
Ringelmann I level
0.5TEQng/m
1) In the test calculation process, 11%02 (dry gas) is used as the conversion basis. The conversion formula is: c=10/(21-Os) × cs
Where: c is the concentration of the measured pollutant after conversion under standard conditions (mg/m); Os is the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas (%): Cs
is the concentration of the measured pollutant under standard conditions (mg/m2). Appendix 2 Discharge Limits of Wastewater from Medical Waste Incinerators Serial No.
Note:*
Pollutant
Fecal coliform count
Total residual chlorine
100 pieces/L
Maximum allowable discharge concentration
500 pieces/L
(mg/L)
>6.5(Contact time ≥
≥2500(kg/h)
1000 pieces/L||tt ||>5(contact time≥
Sewage discharged into Class IIIII waters in GB3838 and Class II sea areas in GB3097 shall comply with the first-level standard: sewage discharged into Class IV and V waters in GB3838 and Class III sea areas in GB3097 shall comply with the second-level standard: sewage discharged into urban drainage systems with secondary sewage treatment plants shall comply with the third-level standard. After chlorination disinfection, dechlorination treatment shall be carried out to meet this standard. Appendix 3 Discharges from medical waste incinerators Gas analysis method 2.
Pollutants
Smoke blackness
Carbon oxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
Nitrogen oxides
Analysis method
Lingelmann smoke method
Gravimetric method
Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
Formaldehyde absorption Pararosaniline spectrophotometry Membrane filter--fluoride ion selective electrode method
mercury thiocyanate spectrophotometry
silver nitrate volumetric method
naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride spectrophotometry
cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry
atomic absorption spectrophotometry
flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry
atomic absorption spectrophotometry Method
5-Br-PADAP spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Method source
GB/T5468-91
GB/T16157-1996
HJ/T44-1999
HJ/T27-1999
HJ /T43-1999bZxz.net
"Air and Waste Gas Monitoring and Analysis Methods", China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1990. "Solid Waste Test Analysis and Evaluation Manual", China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1992, P332～359 Appendix 4 Analysis Methods for Wastewater from Medical Waste Incinerators Serial Number
Pollution
Fecal Coliform Group Count
Total Residual Chlorine
Glass Electrode Method
Analytical method
Ion selective electrode method
Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Multiple tube fermentation method
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine spectrophotometry
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine titration method
Method source||t t||GB6920—86
GB7484—87
GB7468—87
GB7485—87
GB7475—87
GB7475—87
《Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods (Fourth Edition)》, China Environmental Science Press, 200
GB11898-89
GB11897-895(contact time ≥
≥2500(kg/h)
1000/L
>5(contact time ≥
Sewage discharged into Class IIIII waters in GB3838 and Class II seas in GB3097 shall comply with the first-level standard: sewage discharged into Class IV and V waters in GB3838 and Class III seas in GB3097 shall comply with the second-level standard: sewage discharged into urban drainage systems with secondary sewage treatment plants shall comply with the third-level standard. After chlorination disinfection, dechlorination treatment must be carried out to meet this standard. Appendix 3 Analysis method of emission gases from medical waste incinerators 2.
Pollutants
Flue gas blackness
Carbon dioxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)||tt ||Nitrogen oxides
Analysis method
Ringelmann smoke method
Gravimetric method
Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
Formaldehyde absorption pararosaniline spectrophotometry filter membrane-fluoride ion selective electrode method
Mercury thiocyanate spectrophotometry
Silver nitrate volumetric method
Naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride spectrophotometry
Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry Method
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
Diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
5-Br-PADAP spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry||tt| |Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Method source
GB/T5468-91
GB/T16157-1996
HJ/T44-1999
HJ/T27-1999
HJ/T43-1999
《Air and waste gas monitoring and analysis methods》, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1990. 《Solid waste test analysis and evaluation manual》, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1992, P332～359 Appendix 4 Analysis method for wastewater from medical waste incinerators No.
Pollution
Fecal coliform count
Total residual chlorine
Glass electrode method
Analysis method
Ion selective electrode method
Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry Method
Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Multiple tube fermentation method
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine spectrophotometry
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine titration method
Method source
GB6920—86|| tt||GB7484—87
GB7468—87
GB7485—87
GB7475—87
GB7475—87
《Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods (Fourth Edition)》, China Environmental Science Press, 200
GB11898-89
GB11897-895(contact time ≥
≥2500(kg/h)
1000/L
>5(contact time ≥
Sewage discharged into Class IIIII waters in GB3838 and Class II seas in GB3097 shall comply with the first-level standard: sewage discharged into Class IV and V waters in GB3838 and Class III seas in GB3097 shall comply with the second-level standard: sewage discharged into urban drainage systems with secondary sewage treatment plants shall comply with the third-level standard. After chlorination disinfection, dechlorination treatment must be carried out to meet this standard. Appendix 3 Analysis method of emission gases from medical waste incinerators 2.
Pollutants
Flue gas blackness
Carbon dioxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
Hydrogen chloride (HCl)||tt ||Nitrogen oxides
Analysis method
Ringelmann smoke method
Gravimetric method
Non-dispersive infrared absorption method
Formaldehyde absorption pararosaniline spectrophotometry filter membrane-fluoride ion selective electrode method
Mercury thiocyanate spectrophotometry
Silver nitrate volumetric method
Naphthylethylenediamine hydrochloride spectrophotometry
Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry Method
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
Diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
5-Br-PADAP spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry||tt| |Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Method source
GB/T5468-91
GB/T16157-1996
HJ/T44-1999
HJ/T27-1999
HJ/T43-1999
《Air and waste gas monitoring and analysis methods》, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1990. 《Solid waste test analysis and evaluation manual》, China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 1992, P332～359 Appendix 4 Analysis method for wastewater from medical waste incinerators No.
Pollution
Fecal coliform count
Total residual chlorine
Glass electrode method
Analysis method
Ion selective electrode method
Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry Method
Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Multiple tube fermentation method
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine spectrophotometry
N,N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine titration method
Method source
GB6920—86|| tt||GB7484—87
GB7468—87
GB7485—87
GB7475—87
GB7475—87
《Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods (Fourth Edition)》, China Environmental Science Press, 200
GB11898-89
GB11897-89
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