This standard applies to the terminology used in radar and is completely consistent with the IEC Publication 50 (60) "International Electrotechnical Vocabulary" (International Electrotechnical Vocabulary) 1970 Second Edition Chapter 7 "Radiolocation and Radio Navigation" (Radiolocation and radio navigation) Section "Radar" (Radar). GB/T 3784-1983 Radar terminology GB/T3784-1983 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T3784—1983
Radar Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions
related to radar
Published on 1983-06-27
Implemented on 1984-03-01
State Bureau of Standards
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radar Terms and Definitions
Related to radar
UDC 621.396.96
GB/T3784—1983
This standard applies to terms and definitions used in radar and is consistent with IEc Publication 50 (60) "International Electrotechnical Vocabulary" (International Electrotechnical Vocabulary) Second Edition 1970 Chapter 7 "Radiolocation and Radionavigation" navigation) is completely consistent with Section 3 "Radar". 1 Radar
Uses radio waves reflected or automatically re-emitted from distant targets to obtain target information. Usually includes distance measurement. Primary radar
primaryradar
A radar that only reflects the incident wave from the target.
3 Secondary radar
secondaryradar
A radar that causes the responding target to automatically re-emit at the same wavelength or other wavelengths. In order to be able to measure the distance, the delay caused by the re-emission must be short and accurate enough.
Note: The above three definitions are different from those given in the Radio Regulations (Radioregulations). 4 Continuous-wave radar
cW radar
continuous-wave radar
CW radar
A radar that transmits continuous waves.
5 Pulse modulated radar
Pulse radar
pulse-modulated radar
pulse radar
A radar that emits a series of discrete radio frequency pulses, usually all of which have essentially the same radio frequency. 6 Frequency modulated radar
FM radar
frequency-modulated radar
FMradar
-A radar that emits frequency modulated waves.
Note: The frequency of the echo is compared with the frequency of the transmitted wave at the moment of reception to measure the distance. 7 Doppler radar
Dopplerradar
A radar that uses the radio Doppler effect to determine the radial component of the target's relative velocity to the radar system. 8Continuous-wave Doppler radarcontinuous-wave Doppler radarissued by the National Bureau of Standards on June 27, 1983implemented on March 1, 1984a Doppler radar that emits continuous waves.
9Pulse Doppler radar
pulse-Doppler radar
A Doppler radar that emits pulse waves. 10Coherent pulse radarcoherent-pulse radar
GB/T3784—1983
A pulse modulation radar in which the radio frequency oscillation in the repetitive pulse has an invariant phase relationship with a certain continuous oscillation. 11Moving-target indication radar
MTI radar
moving-target indication radarM.TI radar
-A radar that uses some measures to partially or completely suppress the image of a fixed target on the display. Note: The term MTI is sometimes extended to a radar system that can also eliminate targets moving at a predetermined constant speed relative to the system by discrimination. 12 Identification friend or foe
identificationfriend or foe
Identification system using secondary radar.
Note: "IFF" means "identification friend or foe", and this system was originally developed for this purpose. 13 Spike
Instantaneous deflection or brightness change of a light spot on a cathode ray tube display. For example, it is caused by the signal of a transponder. Note: ① In IFF technology, it refers to a response. ② This term generally (only in English) also refers to any deflection observed on the radar display. 14 Gap coding
Gap coding
For identification purposes, the response of a transponder is divided into long and short pulse groups (similar to Morse code). 15width coding
duration coding
width coding
duration coding
The width of the pulses sent from the transponder is varied according to a prearranged code in order to indicate identification. 16chopping
chopping
chopped response
refers to the rapid on-off switching of the transponder for the purpose of identification. 17search
search
Searching for information about a target in a certain airspace. Note: This term was formerly used only to refer to the manual change of the beam direction. 18range search
range search
A regular search within a predetermined, but usually variable, range range. 2
19 Scanning
scanning
GB/T3784—1983
The scanning of radar antenna refers to the process of regularly changing the direction of the beam for search or angular tracking. Note: Angular tracking is not included in the French definition. 20 Mechanical scanning
mechanical scanning
Scanning achieved by rotating all or part of the antenna. 21 Electrical scanning
electrical scanning
refers to a scanning method that changes the beam direction as required by changing the phase of the current in each element of the antenna. Note: This technology is also applicable to direction finding.
22 Sector scanning
sector scanning
Scanning around any desired axis within a limited plane angle. 23 Conical scanning
conical scanning
Scanning that forms a cone with the axis of the beam. Note: Conical scanning can generally achieve better angular accuracy by comparing the signal amplitudes at each point within a circle.
automatic range,bearing or elevation measurement Automatic determination of the range, azimuth or elevation of a target by means of a servo mechanism excited by the echo. 25 Automatic aiming
angle tracking
automatic aiming
angle tracking
refers to a system process in which a radar beam is automatically directed at a target moving relative to the radar using an echo-controlled mechanism. 26 Automatic tracking
automatic following
Automatic aiming with automatic radar ranging. Note: The term "automatic tracking" is not to be understood as "automatic aiming". 27 Instantaneous target detection
instantaneous target detection A method of detecting the position of a target by comparing the signals received simultaneously by several antenna elements (at least two of which constitute the angular coordinates).
28 Static split
static split
A method of detecting the position of a target by comparing simultaneously the signals corresponding to two or more beam directions that differ slightly from the target direction.
Note: This technique is also used for direction finding.
29 beam switching
beam switching
split (deprecated)
aerial switching (deprecated)lobe switching (deprecated)
lobeswinging(deprecated)
lobing (deprecated)
GB/T3784—1983
A method of detecting the target direction by continuously comparing the signals corresponding to two or more beam directions that are slightly different from the target direction. The movement of the beam can be continuous and periodic, or it can be discontinuous. 30 echo matching
echomatching
The echo matching in beam switching refers to switching the antenna system until the echoes corresponding to the two beam directions are equal. 31 radar interference strip
window(inradar)
A metal foil strip that can produce radar echoes and is dropped from an aircraft or rocket. 32 Railings
Lines perpendicular to the time base on a range-to-amplitude display produced by a specific form of interference. 33 Radar camouflage
A method of concealing the existence or characteristics of a target to avoid radar detection
Note: One method is to use a covering or coating to greatly reduce the radio energy reflected to the radar. 34 Radar (equipment)
radar (set)
A complete set of devices that perform radar functions. Note: The English word "radar"
35 Airborne intercept radar
air-interception radar
The word can refer to equipment or function.
A type of airborne radar used to search and track other aircraft. 36 Ground-controlled interception
ground-controlled interception G.CI
In aviation, ground command interception is the technique of directing one aircraft toward another by a ground radar. Both aircraft can be observed on the same display, and information is sent to the aircraft by radio. 37V-beam system
V-beam system
A radar system that produces two fan-shaped beams (one beam is vertical, the other is inclined, and intersects at the horizon). When using V-beam to measure altitude, the directional antenna system rotates continuously about the vertical axis, and the time difference between the echoes received from a target by the two beams determines its altitude.
38Radar range finder
radar range finder
A radar that only measures distance.
39Transponder
transponder
A component of a secondary radar system that, when it receives a pulse from a radar device or interrogator, sends a pulse or a series of pulses as a reply, so that the aircraft or beacon equipped with the transponder can be identified by the interrogation station. 4
40Interrogator
interrogator
A pulse transmitter specially used to stimulate the transponder. 41Interrogating signal
interrogating signal
Signal sent by the interrogator.
42Responder
responsor
GB/T3784—1983
A device that receives the response signal (stimulated by the interrogation signal) sent by the transponder. 43Cross band transponder
Cross band transponder
A transponder whose response signal has a frequency different from the interrogation signal frequency. 44Corner reflector
corner reflector
A transmitter composed of three mutually perpendicular intersecting planes, whose reflected wave direction is parallel to the incident wave direction. 45 coherent oscillator
coherent oscillator
oscillator that provides a reference for comparing the RF phase of the transmitted and received pulses in coherent pulse radar. 46 modulator
modulator
the modulator in pulse radar is a device that produces a series of short pulses of a certain power, which causes the transmitting tube to oscillate during each pulse.
47 pulse forming line
pulse forming line
an artificial line that stores energy from a DC or AC source and releases it in the form of modulated pulses. 48 triggered spark-gap
triggered spark-gap
a spark gap controlled by a voltage pulse.
49 trigger tube
trigatron
a gas-filled tube with a spark gap and a discharge trigger electrode, sometimes used in radar modulators. 50Display
display
Equipment for visual display of received signals in radar. 51Display
display
Visual display of received signals.
52Meter display
meterdisplay
Display of an instrument using a pointer or galvanometer. 53Digital display
numerical display
Display in digital form.
54Cathode ray tube display
cathode ray tube display
GB/T3784—1983
Display of received signals on the cathode ray tube screen. 55Intensity modulated display
intensity modulated display
Cathode ray tube display that uses a video signal to modulate the electron beam density so that the brightness of the light spot becomes a function of the echo intensity. NOTE: This form of display is found in many devices, for example in plan position displays, altitude-position displays, elevation-position displays. 56 Direction display
A cathode ray tube display. The echo is represented by a light spot, whose position gives the target direction relative to a reference direction. 57 Two-dot display
A cathode ray tube display. Two light spots represent an echo, whose relative position gives some information about the target coordinates. 58 Column display*
A display used in conjunction with the beam switching method. The echo displayed on the cathode ray tube undergoes a displacement synchronized with the beam switching.
59 Range-amplitude display
range-amplitudedisplay
A radar display in which the time base is used as the range scale, and the echo is a deflection perpendicular to the base line, the amplitude of the deflection depending on the intensity of the echo.
60A type display
type\A” display
Range-bearing display with a straight line as the time base. 61Range-bearing display
Type B type display
Range-bearing display
type“\B” display
A radar display in which an echo is displayed as a bright spot on the screen. The rectangular coordinates of the bright spot indicate the range and azimuth of the target. 62Plan position display
plan-position indicator
A radar display with brightness modulation, which shows the relative positions of various targets that produce echoes like a map. Note: The center of a general plan position display corresponds to the position of the radar antenna. 63 Off-centre plan position display
off-centre plan display
A plan position display whose center does not correspond to the position of the radar antenna. 64 Hollow plan position display
expanded centre plan display
A plan position display whose zero value distance is equivalent to a circle around the center of the display. 65 Sector display
sector display
-A display within a limited narrow sector. 66 Height-position display
*Adoption instructions: There is no English entry in the second edition of IEC50 (60) (the same below). 6
height-position indicator
range-height indicator\
GB/T3784—1983
A radar display device that can display the target slant range and the target elevation angle on an enlarged scale, and can directly read the target altitude according to the elevation angle (see Chapter 55, Brightness Modulation Display). 67 Elevation-position indicator
elevation-position indicator E.PI
A radar display device that can simultaneously display the target elevation angle (true scale) and slant range (see Chapter 55, Brightness Modulation Display). 68 Azimuth stabilized plane position indicator
azimuth stabilized PPI
A plan position display in which the true north position in the display remains constant regardless of the motion of the vessel or aircraft. Note: This term may be extended to stability relative to magnetic north. 69skiatron
A cathode ray tube whose screen has the property of darkening under electron beam bombardment. Note: The afterglow of the line depends on the temperature of the screen and can be changed by illumination with light of appropriate wavelength. 70skiatron display
A display using a blacktrace tube.
71chart-comparison unit
An optical instrument that enables the display of a radar plan position display to be superimposed on a navigation chart. 72RFenvelope indicator
RFenvelope indicator
A cathode ray tube display that shows the envelope of the RF signal transmitted by a pulse radar and can be used as a transmitter monitor. 73 instantaneous automatic gain control
“instantaneous\ automatic gain controlI.AGC
Refers to a fast automatic gain control in radar, which does not respond to a single echo, but responds to changes in the average clutter level, thereby reducing clutter.
74 Anti-clutter gain control
auti-cluttergain control
A control circuit that can automatically and smoothly increase the gain of the radar receiver from a small value to a maximum value within a certain period of time after each transmitted pulse, so that the amount of amplification of the unwanted near echo is less than that of the distant echo. 75 Differentiation
differentiation
A method of suppressing clutter by using the differential characteristics of a filter circuit with high-pass characteristics. 76 Differential filter
Instructions for use: "height-positionindicator" and "range-heightindicator" are different in principle, block diagram and circuit, and the definition does not apply to the latter.
GB/T3784—1983
A device in pulse radar that weakens clutter based on signal differentiation. 77 High-frequency head
Note: A term referring to the high-frequency components of a radar (sometimes including the antenna system, and usually including the pre-IF amplifier). 78 Radar head
radarhead
When the antenna, feeder, and high-frequency head are very close together, the three are collectively referred to as the radar head. 79 Echo box
echobox
A low-damped cavity resonator excited by the transmit pulse. Note: Usually immediately following each transmit pulse, a series of damped oscillations in the resonant cavity are reradiated to the radar receiver for the radar to test the entire unit. 80 Transmit-receive tube
TR tube
T-Rtube
A gas-filled tube that becomes a short circuit when strongly ionized under high-power radiation, but allows low-power energy to pass when weakly ionized. Note: "TR" is the abbreviation for transmit-receive. 81keep-aliveelectrode
An electrode with a high negative potential in the TR tube that keeps the tube in a long-term ionized state. 82Multiplexer*
A device in radar that combines the functions of TR switch and beam switching. 83radar relay
radar relay
A system that can forward information from radar at a certain distance. 84target
target
An object whose information is detected by radar.
85electric distance*
The distance between two points is expressed by the time it takes for an electromagnetic wave to propagate from one point to another. 86confusion region
confusion region
A region where the target echo cannot be distinguished from other echoes around the target. 87radar pulse
radarpulse
A pulse emitted by the radar.
88Echo volume
echoing volume
The spatial area in which the energy of a given pulse emitted by the radar is distributed at a certain moment. 89Direct wave
groundwave
The RF energy transmitted directly from the radar transmitter to its receiver. b.
This term is also used to describe the effect caused by the energy transferred from the transmitter to the display. 90Direct wave suppression
groundwavesuppression
refers to the reduction of receiver gain during the presence of the direct wave. 91Echo
GB/T3784—1983
The RF energy received after being reflected from an object. a.
b. Effect on the radar display.
92 Stationary echo
Stationary echo
The echo from an object that has no relative motion with the radar. 93 Permanent echo
permanent echo
The fixed echo caused by a permanent obstacle. 94 Ground target echo
ground returns
The useful echo from the ground received by the airborne radar. 95 Land target echo
land returns
The useful echo from the coastline received by the shipborne radar. 96 Sea target echo
sea returns
The useful echo from the sea surface received by the radar (station). Unwanted echo
Unwanted echo
The echo from objects other than the target or caused by equipment failure. 98parasitic echo
parasitic echo
A kind of useless echo caused only by equipment failure. 99 "Foreign object echo"
An unwanted echo from an object other than the target. 100 Sidelobe echo
sideecho
The echo produced on the display by the sidelobe of the radar antenna. 101 Tail lobe echo
Back echo
The echo produced on the display by the tail lobe of the radar antenna. 102 Notch
Refers to the baseline jump on the range-amplitude display, which is another name for "echo". 103 Thatch
Amplitude deflection caused by random noise on the time baseline of the range-amplitude display. 104 Snowflake
A spotted background caused by random noise on the brightness modulation display. 9
105 Clutter
clutter
GB/T3784—1983
The chaotic unwanted echo that appears on the radar display. 106 Sea clutter
sea clutter
Clutter caused by sea waves.
107 "Performance Index"
The ratio of the minimum detectable echo pulse power to the transmitted pulse power.108 Radar cross section
echoing area
The radar cross section refers to an area perpendicular to the direction of the radar transmitting wave at the location of the target. If the power intercepted by this area is uniformly radiated in all directions, the power flux generated at the radar receiving antenna is equal to the power flux generated by the reflection of the target itself.
109 Simple target*
A target whose radar cross section is independent of the radar direction.110 Illumination
Illumination (of a target)
The action of the radar beam projecting onto the target.
111 Radar equation
radar equation
A mathematical equation that represents the relationship between the transmitting power, receiving power, antenna gain of a primary radar and the radar cross section and target distance. 112Compound target
compound target
A target composed of a large number of chaotic reflecting surfaces, the volume of which the entire set occupies exceeds the volume illuminated. 113Complex target
complextarget
A target composed of a large number of reflecting surfaces, the volume of which the entire set is smaller than the volume of the radar resolution unit. 114Target flicker*
The rapid movement of the target echo around its center position. 115Shadow region
shadow region
Under normal propagation conditions, the receiving field strength is weakened by certain obstacles, making it impossible for the radar to effectively detect the target. 116Cancellation ratio
cancellation ratio
The ratio of the echo voltage from the same fixed target when the permanent echo cancellation device is working and not working. 117Blind speeds
blind speeds
The radial speed of the target when the radar equipped with a permanent echo cancellation device cannot detect it. 118 Jitter effect*
A form of jitter that affects the echo of a moving target when displayed on a Doppler radar. 119 Expand
toexpand
Refers to the expansion of all or part of the time base range on the range-amplitude display. 120 Strobe pulse
Strobe pulse
GB/T3784—1983
A pulse with a width less than the repetition period used to carefully examine a certain section of the repetition period. Note: In radar, a strobe pulse is sometimes used to automatically track the echo of a moving target. 121 StrobeWww.bzxZ.net
to strobe
Select the required section of the repetition period. 122 Walking strobe pulse
A strobe pulse that automatically changes its timing within a given range. 123 Automatic strobe pulse
automaticstrobepulse
A strobe pulse that automatically adjusts the time to synchronize with a given echo even if the distance to the target changes. 124 Strobe marker
Strobemarker
A small bright spot, short cut or other sudden change produced on the radar display scan line to indicate a section of the time base that should be paid attention to.
125 Range marker
Range marker
A visual mark on the radar display used to measure distance or correct the time base. 126 Step-strobe marker
Step-strobe marker
A strobe marker represented in the form of steps on the time base. 127 Well-strobe marker
A strobe marker represented in the form of a rectangular drop on the time base. 128 Calibration marks
calibrationmarks
Reference marks produced on the display for calibration or ranging. 129 Transponder reply efficiency
The ratio of the number of responses issued by the transponder to the number of valid interrogations received. 130 Dead time of transponder
Dead time (of a transponder)
The shortest time interval after a pulse when the transponder has not yet given a new signal. 131 Ringing time
ringingtime
The time from the end of the radar transmission pulse to the time when the energy returned by the echo box can still ensure the generation of a visible signal on the display. 132 Transponder non-reply rate*
The ratio of the number of interrogations received without a response to the total number of interrogations received. 133 Trace
Trace on a flat position display refers to the process of retaining the trace of the echo signal on the fluorescent screen through the action of the signal on the rotating time base, or refers to the retained trace.131 Ringing time
ringingtime
The time from the end of the radar transmission pulse to the time when the energy returned by the echo box can still ensure the generation of a visible signal on the display. 132 Transponder non-answer rate*
The ratio of the number of inquiries received without response to the total number of inquiries received. 133 Trace
The trace on the flat position display refers to the process of retaining the trace of the echo signal on the fluorescent screen through the effect of the signal on the rotating time baseline, or refers to the retained trace.131 Ringing time
ringingtime
The time from the end of the radar transmission pulse to the time when the energy returned by the echo box can still ensure the generation of a visible signal on the display. 132 Transponder non-answer rate*
The ratio of the number of inquiries received without response to the total number of inquiries received. 133 Trace
The trace on the flat position display refers to the process of retaining the trace of the echo signal on the fluorescent screen through the effect of the signal on the rotating time baseline, or refers to the retained trace.
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