Some standard content:
ICS 07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T19117—20D3
Specifications for monitoring of acid rain
Specifications for monitoring of acid rain rain2003-05-16 Issued
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2003-12-01 Implementation
The standard is based on the national and international standards and is confirmed on the basis of the GR/T*9117-23
The long-term acid rain observation station and the acid rain communication center laboratory jointly complete: the sampling technology of the two rain observation stations, the measurement of P[value and conductivity is the basis for the measurement of precipitation samples, and the analysis of the chemical composition of precipitation samples is carried out to provide corresponding technical support and training, quality assurance and quality control for the laboratory; the standard is based on the relevant work of the routine observation station, and the acid rain detection center's work needs and external specifications are stipulated.
Appendix E of this standard is a normative record. The following is an informative appendix. This standard is proposed by the China Meteorological Administration and is managed by the China Meteorological Administration. The main units of this standard are: road, point, day, aftermath, rust. This standard is the first drink.
1 Model map
Acid rain observation specification
GB/T 19117—2003
This standard specifies the acid rain measurement site, laboratory, precipitation work collection, storage, delivery and measurement standards. The measurement of precipitation sample H value, data recording and data archiving, the writing of visual measurement environment report, etc. must be within the space method, the filter effect and the shape sequence standard are applicable to the observation work carried out at the fixed point, and the temperature effect can be carried out at non-fixed nest currency observation sites. 2 Normative references The following documents have become clauses of this standard through the use of this standard. For dated references, all subsequent revisions (excluding the contents of the revision) or amendments are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to the agreement reached under this standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions are applicable to GB/T111-19S. 3580.11SS2 General rules for sampling and analysis of atmospheric precipitation GBT-3580.21SS2 General rules for sampling and analysis of atmospheric water GB: 1: %530.3-[553 Method for determination of atmospheric conductivity B/T_3580.4-[952 Method for determination of mH value of atmospheric precipitation Electrode method JB: 1279--1999 Method for preparation of pH-sensing liquid JB: 19366-1999 Laboratory conductivity meter 3 Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.
Acid rain
Acid rain refers to atmospheric precipitation with a pH value less than . Atmospheric composition: required, all, etc. 3.2
monitnting facidrain
Rain observation
European rainfall rules refer to the systematic sampling of atmospheric peak water at fixed stations, measuring the pH value and conductivity of atmospheric precipitation, and providing precipitation samples that can be directly analyzed for chemical composition:
The pH value of atmospheric precipitation is expressed in terms of precipitation alkalinity, which is a negative number that can be determined based on the hydrogen activity. pHIg[II]
[H+ is hydrogen concentration and the unit is degree liter W·.-]3. 4
Electrical conductivity of atmospheric precipitation (specific conductivity) reflects the cleanliness of atmospheric precipitation, expressed in degrees per meter, which is defined as the ratio of the conductivity measurement function to the electric field density [unit is ampere per square meter (A·m-\). The unit of electrical conductivity is siemens per meter, expressed by -m, and the usual unit is microseconds per centimeter, expressed by uS·cm-!.
GR/T 1911/-20J3
4 Work tasks of precipitation measurement are: complete the collection of water samples, the measurement of water level and conductivity, record the data, select and report the data, and submit the chemical composition analysis of precipitation samples according to the requirements: protect the working environment of the observation site and laboratory, and report the observation environment report of the research period number 10: correctly use and maintain the observation equipment, ensure the correct operation of the observation equipment: participate in the observation plan. 5 Observation site, facilities and observation environment report 5.1 Observation site The observation site is not used for the installation of precipitation sampling equipment, wind tunnel and actual benefit equipment, as well as other plug-in equipment and facilities. All of them are selected in the training site from the beginning of the month. Stay away from industrial and residential areas because of the gathering of wind. The terrain is flat. Avoid direct contact with pollution sources by objects such as tall trees and other objects that hang over commercial buildings. The observation area should be larger than [:×m. There should be a 1.2m high fence around the measurement area. There should be grass cover inside the measurement area, and a small single sheet of c.3\-0.3\ wide should be laid (no pond should be used). 5.2 Equipment and installation in the field
The measurement device for precipitation and wind volume should be a special device that meets the technical requirements of the meteorological authority of the Ministry of Pressure. The precipitation can be collected by artificial rods or artificial sampling devices. The wooden sample rack is made of stainless steel. The production grid and installation scale are shown in Figure 1.
ras T~wh.
Sampling capture:
Sampling body:
Water sedimentation and salt pressure.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of artificial precipitation sampling device
The automatic precipitation sampling device should have its own precipitation sensors, and in the precipitation piece, it can automatically open and close the precipitation sampling container. The installation size requirements of the automatic precipitation sampling device are the same as those of the artificial precipitation sampling device. The arrangement of the instruments in the measurement field should be noted that they should not affect each other and are convenient for standard operation: only the equipment should be arranged according to their height, and the high equipment should not be installed in the north. The north-south direction should not be small, the instrument fence should not be greater than 3, and the sampling rack should not be blocked in the four directions within the 5-degree range. 5.3 Precipitation sampling device
The precipitation sampling device is a sample barrel or a sampling capture device. The sampling bag is reusable. The sampling pot is for one-time use. The sampling bag is made of vinyl plastic (1/4 in diameter). GB/T19117-2003
The sampling bag is made on site or in a dragon, and the size is coordinated with the sampling barrel. After unfolding, it can be completely distinguished from the inside of the machine, and the upper edge can be exposed to the sampling machine. 5.. So that it can be fixed below. The central laboratory conducts oil selection and fall tests on the sampling bags that have been stopped once, and 2 guarantees it. The sample barrel used in conjunction with the holding bag is a total of sm~1m in diameter, so that the air between the sampling barrels can be discharged
The sampling barrel must be cleaned according to the prescribed procedures before use, and 5.4 Environmental report
The person who conducts the environmental inspection must write an environmental report before the use of the sampling barrel. At the beginning of the year, the scientific research team wrote· A copy of the environmental monitoring report shall be prepared, and the original content shall be modified or confirmed. The pollution sources and local circulation shall be observed in time.
Observation environmental report Appendix A
6 Observation laboratory
6.1 Requirements for observation laboratory
The observation laboratory shall be equipped with a dedicated measurement and analysis workbench, a dedicated sample cabinet and a refrigerator. It shall have a 2V current power supply, and a 59W power supply when necessary. The test room shall be equipped with water supply and drainage facilities. The indoor environment shall be clean, dust-free, open flames are prohibited, and waste disposal shall meet the environmental requirements of 5.2 Pure water
Deionized water or secondary water should be used for preparing reagents and analyzing. It is referred to as pure water. Its conductivity is very low. 6.3 Commonly used chemical reagents
In acid rain observation, the purity level of reagents used is chemically pure or analytically pure. Commonly used chemical reagents are shown in Table 1. Chemical reagents used in acid rain observation
Chemical source
6.4 Commonly used liquids and instruments
Main
H, the most common test, the test vehicle
Clean the test rails with various brands.The service equipment used by the user is called: research ring, sign five, table and Sichuan, washing, photosensitive disk, ethylene machine, system with double wide cover (ethylene six, etc., the minimum number of equipment and the above arrangement are shown in Table 2, Table 2 acid before viewing the use of some of the equipment and main purpose name
Fat uL
nLEx :ul.
ll r? m
2t ni. --1 000 Tal.
lowest micro-print
leading, kind of inflammation
color sample, second-grade writing products on
plate, first-grade products with 1
polar field
Feng'an Chuan Sui
inorganic Ji Chi, blue effect precipitation part number
civilian standard condensate
as the medium standard, etc., sample convex capacity of the customer's preparation time
GB/T'9117-20C3
sampling bottle
Wang Ke bottle
[3 .nl...2e3 n..
Please accompany
Table 2 (continued)
Grade, type
Color or science
White (no! Work, aggregate furnace, blue
White (no|aggregate screen and in good
Main category small mouth
Oral instruments
Not compatible with fat water samples
Store samples
Only stainless steel scissors, stainless steel scissors, glassware, corners, hair training for washing, gauze and method can taste each type of instruments and instruments and must not be used in the same room. They should be cleaned, rubbed or wiped in time after use, and placed in a classified manner: Keep disinfected, 6. Washing and drying of harmful blood vessels
The blood vessels used last time should be washed with synthetic detergent, then rinsed with water, soaked in 6% hydrochloric acid solution overnight, rinsed with tap water until neutral, and then disinfected with pure water twice. For non-glassware, rinse with tap water first, then wash with synthetic detergent, then rinse with tap water, and finally disinfected with pure water twice.
For blood vessels used in medicine, avoid using chemicals such as chemicals, and wash them in bottles. Only a small amount of tap water can be added to the bottles. Cover the bottles and use After washing, the instrument should be dried naturally to avoid the influence of dust. Meters and collectors can only be dried naturally: 6.6 Preparation and use of standard buffer solution: The pH value of precipitation agent can be observed by observing the change of precipitation H in the cloud and selecting the standard buffer solution: The pH value of precipitation agent is always higher than 7. For the measuring station, select the standard buffer solution with acidity and neutrality: The pH value of precipitation agent is always higher than 7. For the measuring station, select the standard buffer solution with acidity and neutrality. The standard buffer solution should be prepared according to the specified volume. See Appendix for the preparation method of standard buffer solution. 13 The standard flushing solution should be kept for three months. It should be placed in a clean place without direct sunlight, in a refrigerator at 1.1-1 CT. Do not use the standard flushing solution if it is mixed with precipitation. 6.7 The maintenance and use of the analyzer
The pH meter and conductivity analyzer should be placed in a room that is protected from development, sunlight, and corrosion. The discontinued components should be restored (cleaned) in time and placed in a fixed position. In addition, the performance of the instrument should be checked or checked regularly: The instrument should not be disassembled or stored at will, and the standard should not be used for other purposes. The use of the instrument should be scheduled. 7.1 Precipitation sampling and measurement preparation
The precipitation sampling time is from 08:00 to 08:00 every day. When the precipitation reaches 1.2mm, the precipitation samples are collected and taken once in a precipitation sampling day. The precipitation process is collected once, and the new precipitation is collected for several days. The new precipitation is collected and transported to the precipitation sampling container.
If there is precipitation for several consecutive days, the precipitation samples of each day are collected separately. 2 Steps for collecting precipitation samples
7.2.1. Preparation of precipitation sample container
Preparation of precipitation sample container 1. The work should be carried out in the acid removal laboratory. When using a sampling bucket for sampling: just rinse the sampling bucket with pure water once to twice: pour out the used pure water or use a small amount of pure wood to clean the bucket; cover the bucket and store it for later use.
Use a fork sample (additional sampling conditions: when sampling, install the sampling rod firmly and remove the space between the sample barrel and the beam. 4
GR/T19117—2003
, the upper edge of the sample bag should be 5cm: use a clean rope to stand on the standard state. During the placement and collection of the sampling container, the operator must pay attention to the flammable film. Do not touch the inner belt with your hands and other items.
7.2.2 Safety of sampling containers with water
When sampling manually, when the ice knife is used, hold the prepared sampler securely on the rack, open it and start sampling. Do not open the lid when there is no precipitation or before precipitation to wait for sampling. When the automatic sampling device is used, the sampling device should be placed at the beginning of the sampling. When the observer places the precipitation sampling container, he should approach the precipitation sampling equipment from the downwind area, place the precipitation sampling device, and put the removed bucket in a clean container and bring it back to the planning room for storage to prevent contamination. In addition, the collection of precipitation sampling devices
manual sampling, after the precipitation is effective (or when waiting for the water to be collected), collect the sampling screen in time, and the waiting time should not exceed the time
. When the automatic sampling device is used, the sampling should be collected at the entrance and the precipitation sampling container should be collected at the entrance. When the observer collects the precipitation, he should approach the precipitation sampling room from the downwind area and bring the container with the good precipitation sample to the laboratory first.
7.2.4 Record the precipitation coming in and out at a fixed time. When collecting the sampler, the actual collection time should be required to be placed in the sampler until it is fully charged. 7.3 Preparation for the measurement of precipitation samples
In order to prevent the temperature of the precipitation samples from affecting the measurement value, the measurement personnel should make sure that the water samples are in contact with the room temperature for a fixed time before measurement. Solid precipitation samples should be allowed to melt naturally at room temperature. The samples should be placed in the sample container in the vehicle to avoid contamination. 7.2 Storage and transportation of precipitation samples
When storing and transporting precipitation samples, the precipitation samples that have not been measured should be packed in washed polyethylene bags, and the sampling location, period, and precipitation time should be noted on the probe. The water samples should be stored in a refrigerator for 4 to 10 days. The total temperature of the water samples should not exceed 3 hours in the refrigerator. The temperature should also be kept at a high temperature. 7.5 Measurement of fresh water samples
Measure the conductivity and H value of the fresh water samples separately. If the amount of old water samples is small, the conductivity of the fresh water samples should be measured first, and then the H value. The water sample is less than m. It is indeed not yellow. It can be produced in detail in the record to prove the value of the juice. The value of
8.1 Measuring receiver
GB:118S stipulates about C cause T design
Make the meter into a measuring sensor to measure the precipitation sample temperature. The factory has just made an accurate return to 0. 8.2 [Value measurement operation
8.2.1 Prepare and preheat the electrode or dial the H control to make it effective. Note the requirements of this manual. Before measuring samples with the meter, it should be turned on for half an hour. 9.2.2 Calibration of the meter Before measuring each precipitation sample, use a neutral standard flushing grid to position the pH meter and use acidic (chemical) standard flushing liquid for calibration. 8.2.3 Determine the pH value of the precipitation sample Adjust the meter to the test state.
GD/T19117-—2003
Rinse the iron electrode with a small amount of or pure water, then carefully rinse the electrode with water sample, connect a small amount of water (Y% wax) in the beaker below the sample liquid level, set the beaker to the front position, and then read the fixed value P[1.0. Repeat the measurement for three times. When measuring, the measuring end of the pH meter should be passed through water (the composite electrode should be set in saturated chlorinated culture solution). 8.2.4 Data Recording
Record the estimated measurement readings and record the average H value, retaining two digits after the decimal point. 9 Conductivity Measurement
9.1 The conductivity measurement device is specified in JB/T93-103:1.1 The measurement range is 12cm to 0c-2-m. 8.1.
9.2 Single-step measurement
9.2.1 Turn on the power of the device before measuring, and preheat it for half an hour. 9.2.2. Calibration of the conductivity meter
Measure the conductivity sample through the water, check whether the electrode constant setting is correct, and calibrate the conductivity meter according to the instrument operating instructions. 9.7.3 Calibration of the conductivity meter for water-based samples or precipitation-based samples
Put a small amount of pure water into the conductivity pot to measure the electrodes. Quickly rinse the electrodes with a small amount of precipitation sample. Take a small amount of precipitation sample 1 calibration cup, fill the measuring cup with sample liquid, and then take the following steps: Gently let the cup stand, and then read the conductivity value, and measure once. 9.2.41 Data recording
Record the measured conductivity readings, calculate and record the average value, record the sample temperature during measurement, and correct the readings to the conductivity value at 25 o'clock (please refer to the following regulations). 10 Quality control and quality assurance
1G. 1 Improve the quality management system
Establish the observation shift system, the safe use system of instruments and chemical reagents and the management system of observation station, improve the observation data and archive management system and the quality inspection system of observation work: 10.2 Prepare measurement quality control chart
Prepare the quality control chart of non-precipitation conductivity and essential quantity, and determine the upper and lower limits of the station's effective measurement according to the quality control standard. C.IC.3 Retest
When the conductivity and pH value of the observation exceed the upper and lower limits of the station, the station shall conduct retests immediately. When the conductivity value of each conductivity value is greater than 10.S·m, the sample shall be transported to another station or laboratory in accordance with the provisions of 7.1, and retested outside the station. The test results shall be regarded as the original observation records and also need to be saved and archived. 1G.4 Quality Assessment
The Municipal Quality Assessment Bureau shall organize the measurement of the sample at the specified time according to the measurement of the product, and report the results of the assessment of the sample to the relevant technical personnel of this station. The quality of the observation of melting rain should be evaluated by the pump [). 11.1 Acid Rain Observation Records and Acid Rain Observation Data
GR/T19117-2503
When precipitation occurs, the acid rain observation record book should be used for checking. The format and writing instructions of the previous observation should refer to the instructions for acid observation. The record should be filled in at the observation station: the regular record should be filled in at noon. The characters should be clear and neat. If there are any errors, the whole group will be marked and the record will be written correctly. It is forbidden to write on the record book. 11.2 Compile the acid rain observation data
The previous observation records are compiled monthly. The total and statistics are compiled regularly. When precipitation occurs in a region, acid rain observation data should be compiled. The acid rain observation data should be reviewed before archiving. For the format and compilation instructions of the acid rain data file, refer to Appendix F. GB19112-2003
A1 format
reduction x quantity uu
learn to reduce direction, wind post easy,
wind beam (m.)
democracy area to wind flow (%
can be contested/T.-
to bomb point also show Beijing map
Asian to earth
Lichuan state record
multiple notes:
f{45*...133)
(135*~225*)
North (31-·-\)
time record A
(normative appendix)
observation environment notice
acid rain observation station current measurement environment notice
wind number
5 krr withinWww.bzxZ.net
5 km---JG in.
Sea Technology Business Woman
1o kin--35 km
20 kr-.5℃ am
Pollution Source Adjustment
Notes·
Fill in:
A,2Fill in details
Unit Name
Acid South Observation Station Observation Environment Report (Point End Author
CNCC:
GB/T19117·2013
Type of fuel and quantity
Station Director:
Non-point quantity
A.2.1 When writing the observation environment report in the first year, the type of observation site must be carefully investigated. And measure the pH value of three provinces. If there is no site relocation or site change in the following years, the pH value will be slightly changed. The method of measuring soil transmission is to dig 10:g of soil (after natural wind) from the surface of the ground at 51 m above the precipitation sampling point and 2 points (the soil within 2 years cannot be collected), and then take out 100% of the pure soil (mixed with 200% of the residual) from the small hole, and then take the water sample after the pH value is corrected. 4.2.2 Statistics of dominant and sub-dominant wind direction and precipitation within 2 days , which is different from the statistical results of the previous year. The standard for seasonal division is March, April, and May as summer, June, July, and August as autumn, September, October, and November as autumn, and January, March, and winter. A.2.3 The observation area is 50m wide, and the area outside the observation area is 50m wide. Tall objects refer to trees higher than 19 meters, houses, towers, and pagodas. If the situation is the same as the previous year, it is called "upward year". A.2.4 The land conditions are filled in according to the direction and position. At most two fields in the year column can be filled in. The land use area is divided into: urban area, industrial area, agricultural area, pastoral area, forest, tidal flat, ocean, sea, lake surface (mountainous area), desert, etc. If there are corresponding land use characteristics in the old state, the order is the same as the previous year, and the order can be simply filled in. If there are large-scale construction sites under the current model, they can be indicated in the notes. A.2.5 In the pollution source adjustment column, fill in the pollution sources within 20m, such as clothing factories, stone pool chemical plants, thermal power plants, cement plants, coal-fired plants, and steel plants within 590m. When the sun does not come out, add a page, such as the previous year, the same as the name of the meal, the name of the column except the white fin Dian write \ hate the previous year". GB/T19117-2003
B.1 Type
Chinese flavor standard green one reading
B, 2 Preparation method
Appendix B
Normative Appendix)
Standard solvent and preparation method
Table B Standard solvent Chemical name:
First day acid
Mixed Kang avoidance station
Molecular formula
Nn, Ky, - 1nF.r!
concentrated!·
25uL liquid
pre-play test station should be concentrated according to the need to prepare a cup of standard flushing. Precipitation PI value of the film "year"? : H value is lower than? . The center of the Chenshui Fushan annual addition to the test station, and the need to prepare neutral and acidic standard buffer solution. That is, the H value is higher than 7.7 all year round, and the precipitation area of the measuring station accounts for more than % of the annual precipitation. When the precipitation value is at the same chemical range, and the standard scalding solution cannot meet the needs, two kinds of standard scalding solutions, neutral and colloidal, should be customized at the same time. The steps are as follows: A, 2.11 Note: Prepare the chemicals needed to prepare the standard scalding solution. Their grades and international standards should be in accordance with the requirements in Table [and Table H]. If the table is damaged or the indication is unclear, it must not be misused. 2.1.2 Prepare 50mL (or 20mL) of flask and glassy resin (or other materials) for washing. Fill the beaker with pure water (volume: 25mL or 50mL). Add about 80mL to 10mL of pure water to the beaker according to the dosage standard in Table 1.2.1.4. Add 20mL to 39mL of pure water to the beaker. Repeat this process 5 times. Add 1/4 of the volume to the beaker. When the volume reaches 1/4 of the volume, support the bottom of the container with your hand and pull it 3 to 3 times to make the mixture evenly mixed. Then continue to add pure water, and carefully add more when the concentration line is about 1cm--2cm later, until the surface is full and the mark is marked. When observing the system, put the volume bottle flat, and cover it with the volume report in accordance with the regulations B2.1.6. When you choose the volume bottle, press the thumb vertically on the bottle, and only use the same amount of atmosphere. Move the volume bottle with both fingers halfway: the liquid will fall into the bottle according to the sentence B.2.1. After the preparation is completed, the label is called the name of the treatment machine, the preparation time and the name of the person in charge
B.2.1.8 In the acid-driven combustion record, the name of the standard grade flushing agent, the original data such as the date, chemical name, purity, manufacturer's address, volume, etc. (in case of self-repair, the net weight of the package is the net weight of the package) shall be recorded and filed together with the case materials. H.2.2 During the preparation process, if aerosol, wave or micro-surface line appears, it should be re-prepared! Preparation,
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