Ergonomic principles for the design of control centres Part 6 : Principles of control centres arrangement
Some standard content:
DL/T 575. 6--1999
This standard is compiled with reference to the contents of control center layout in the research results of ergonomics standardization at home and abroad (see Appendix A). The cost-saving series of standards DL/T575 is titled "Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers" and includes 12 sub-standards: DL/T575.1 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions; Part 2: Field of view and division of viewing area;
DL/T575.2 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers DL/T575.3 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Part 3: Hand reach and division of operating area: Part 4: Dimensions of confined space;
DI./T575.4 Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers Guidelines for ergonomics design of control centers
DI/T 575.5
Part 5: Principles of control center design;
Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control center; Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center
DL/T 575.6
DL/T575.7 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 7: Layout of control room;
DL/T575.8 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 8: Layout and size of workstations; DI/T575.9 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 9: Displays, controllers and related functions; DL/T575.10 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements; Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center
DL/T 575.11 #
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center
DL/T 575.12 #
Appendix A of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. Part 11: Evaluation principles for control rooms; Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) workstations This standard is under the jurisdiction of the State Power Corporation Power Automation Research Institute. The main drafting units of this standard are: State Power Corporation Power Automation Research Institute, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding.
Main drafters of this standard: Tong Shizhong, Chen Yiran, Wu Changshan, Zhang Jinhua, Hua Donghong, Liu Wei1273
1 Scope
Electric Power Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centres
Part 6: Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 6:Principles of control centres arrangementDL/T575.6 --- 1999
This standard specifies the layout principles, layout design procedures and requirements for relevant elements of control centres using ergonomic principles.
This standard applies to the overall layout design of various control centres. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards: D1./T575.1-1999 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 1: Terms and Definitions DI./T575.5-1999 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 5: Principles of Control Center Design DI./T575.7-1999 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 7: Layout of Control Rooms DI./T575.111999 Guidelines for Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 11: Principles of Evaluation of Control Rooms 3 Definitions
The definitions adopted in this standard are shown in DL/T575.1-1999. 4 Control Center Overall Layout Design Procedure
4.1-General Methods
The study of plant location planning (also known as general layout plan) is an important part of control center layout design. Plant location planning is to draw a plan of all production units, main equipment, buildings and roads in the production building or on the production site. The site location planning includes the selection of the location of the control center relative to the monitored objects (such as process equipment, production equipment, buildings, transportation systems and other targets to be monitored), and includes various other workstations (in the workshop or control room, etc.). This standard focuses on the overall layout design of the control center from the perspective of ergonomics based on the site plan, work content and work organization. It includes the location of the control room relative to the production site, and the location of each room related to the function of the control room. The passages of the production site, the flow routes of people and goods, and the traffic problems within the site should also be considered. In addition, there are many other factors (such as economic factors, the size, shape and environment of the entire area, the actual use of the site, etc.) that should be comprehensively considered and properly handled. The actual location of the control center relative to the subsystems to be controlled and (or) monitored forms a constraint on the control room, workstations and operations. It also restricts the passages, distances, communication methods, and flexibility of job design and work organization design. The actual location of the control room is extremely important to operation in some cases (such as safety and information reception), but not so important in other cases.
4.2 Control Center Layout Design Steps
The overall layout of a factory or facility, production and work processes, main operating rules and the overall layout of the building are the key factors to be considered at the beginning of the project. 4.2.1 Control Center Design Phase
DL/T 575. 6 -1999
The design process of a control center usually consists of the following stages (see DL/T375.5---1999): a) clarify the problem;
b) functional design;
c) conceptual design;
d) detailed design;
e) operational feedback.
4.2.2 Layout Design Steps
The design principles of the control center layout should be studied and determined during the conceptual design phase. The layout of the control center is the first step in the detailed design. The layout design of the control center can be carried out in the following steps (see Figure 1): a) Initiate the overall layout design during the conceptual design phase, which consists of a description of the expected performance of the work system (system functions) and an overview of the tasks to be completed within the work system, including the assignment of tasks to operators or the configuration of technical equipment (see 4.3); b) The overall layout of the site or production facility, including the determination of the location of the control center (see 4.4);
c) Make an overall description of the space requirements of the control center. An effective method is to define the work space for each task to be completed in the control center, and then configure the work space to the work station according to ergonomic requirements (see 4.5). 4.2.3 User Participation
From the perspective of ergonomics, user involvement in the design of the control center is essential. The general method of user participation in the design of the control center can be referred to DI./T575.5-1999. The first contact between the user and the project team can be made during the situation analysis. Then, the project team should consult the user on the layout of the control center. At this time, it is more effective to use tools such as scale models, magnetic layout templates, or computer dimensional models.
4.3 Design start
Design start: Detailed description of system functions (applicable to existing situations and new projects) List the tasks of the system
(people's tasks, equipment tasks, exchange operations) Design work and work organization
(see DL/T 575. 5)
Determine the overall layout of the site
(apply the considerations listed in 4.4) Define the constraints on the location of the control room
List the space requirements for each task
List the connection between the tasks
Group the work areas and list the relevant requirements
Preparation for control center layout
Figure 1 Flow chart of control center layout design
The starting point of the control center layout design is to list the work tasks to be completed. This work task description includes each task assigned to the operator or instrument or equipment. In fact, task allocation affects the automation level of instruments, equipment and their supporting software and tools (decision support, alarm management, etc.)
4.3.1 Determination of the number of workers
Generally speaking, the number of people required to complete the work tasks and the relationship between them, as well as the duration, frequency, mental and physical workload of the work tasks should be known, but in practice they may be different. Note: A job is a combination of various work tasks that are assigned to one or more workers to perform in order to achieve certain goals. The combination of various work tasks and the duration and frequency of each work task may change over a period of time (for example, during an 8-hour shift).
4.3.2 Types and characteristics of engineering projects
There are two types of engineering projects:
a) Redesign of existing facilities. Design part of the existing plant area into a new control center, or merge several control rooms into a new control room. At this time, it is best for an ergonomics expert to conduct a situational analysis. In order to provide relevant ergonomics information for the redesign. One of the results of the situational analysis is a detailed review of the existing work tasks. Based on this, the impact of the new project on the work tasks is studied and a functional analysis is conducted.
b) In some cases, there is little or no ergonomic data on existing situations to compare and use for a completely new control center design (another reason for the lack of data may be that there is no time to complete a rather time-consuming situation analysis). In this case, the functional analysis can only provide a rough overview of the work tasks. Since there is no useful actual experience with these work tasks, the project team's assessment can be used as a "working assumption". As the design process progresses, the "working assumption" will be replaced by accurate data. For projects that are redesigned in an existing situation, the design work will be affected and constrained by changes in existing operations and work organization. However, the existing situation has good reference value and allows users to participate in the design process. For a completely new design project, the operation and work organization design should be carried out at the beginning of the project. The results of the design of operations and work organization often have an important impact on the design of control centers and jobs. 4.3.3 Work Task List
Due to technological advances, the content of work and tasks often changes during the design cycle. Therefore, during the project design period, a list of all known work tasks should be listed and all information about the project process should be recorded. 4.3.4 Allocation of Equivalent Work
The next step is to allocate the work tasks as "equivalent work". An equivalent work is the total amount of work that an operator can complete in a certain period of time. This is also the initial clarification of the number of workstations that should be equipped. The term "equivalent work" is used because there are actually various different allocations of work tasks among operators, and the number of operators in a team depends on the work organization. The result of the allocation of work tasks can estimate the number of people required for work in the control room and other functional rooms of the control center and the entire operation area. 4.4 Location of the Control Center
To determine the best location of the control center in the plant, the interaction of the following factors should be considered. 4.4.1 Ergonomics
a) Visibility requirements. If a production process or site (area) requires to be observed by the operator, the operator's work area should be located where visual monitoring can be carried out.
b) The distance between the local workstations in the control center, work unit, and local control room. c) Environmental aspects, such as appropriate light and windows, avoid high noise, avoid toxic, flammable, explosive and vibration, etc. In the case of external alternating electromagnetic fields (such as radar, microwave emission sources, etc.), the workplace should be located in a place where these effects are less (its impact on human health has not yet been clarified). For strong microwave radiation that cannot be avoided, appropriate protective measures should be taken. d) Accessibility of the control center and emergency exits. c) Recommendations for work and work organization design. f) Future expansion.
4.4.2 Technical aspects
a) Civil structure of the building
b) The relationship between each production unit (related production process) and each protection area. c) The route of pipelines, cables and ventilation ducts. 4.4.3 Other aspects
a) Some safety issues of the control center. For example, whether explosion-proof buildings are used, whether protective measures are taken for toxic and harmful factors, and whether the control center uses protective bodies (such as shielding). b) Confidentiality: proximity to the public, special safety inspections and control doors. c) Public relations.
d) Building aspects (factory buildings should conform to industrial environments). In order to make the interior design reasonable, the design team should include architects. 4.5 General description of the control center operation area
A general description should be made for the requirements of the control center operation area. An effective method is to describe the operation area of each job in detail. 4.5.1 Working area grouping principles
Working areas should be grouped according to one or more of the following principles: a) Working areas are arranged in one room, such as all process control, monitoring working areas and resting areas can be arranged in the same room; b) Working areas are combined, such as process control and monitoring areas can be combined with process management areas (that is, the two tasks are performed by the same person at the same work location);
c) Working areas are placed in separate rooms (excluding other operations). 1276
4.5.2 Contents of the general description of the working area
DL/T 575.6—1999
The general description of the working area involves the control room and the functionally related rooms (see Chapter 6). The description should include the following factors: a) The number of users in each room (including changes in the number of people); b) The size of the workstations to be equipped in each room and the estimated space requirements; c) The requirements for shift handover and a brief description of the team. Finally, it is also necessary to consider leaving enough space for future renovation and expansion. 4.6 Control Center Layout Design
Based on the general description of each work area and the overview of the requirements for each work area, the functional design of the control center can be carried out. Its main aspects are:
a) the relationship or connection between each work area; b) the passage leading to the work area;
c) environmental restrictions (for example, avoid windows facing the screen of the display); d) architectural principles of the overall layout of the house, such as shape, ground, columns or steel structures, traffic and work routes, as well as the location of windows, door and window frames, sunshades, color configuration, decoration, air conditioning, etc., all of which are architectural (including aesthetic) concerns should be considered comprehensively;
e) passages for equipment installation and maintenance.
5 Several aspects of the overall layout of the control center
5.1 Overview
The overall layout design usually needs to consider several interrelated factors. For example, to determine the optimal distance between the control center and the process unit, the accessibility of the process unit (in terms of the required response time), work organization and job distribution (i.e., distribution between operators in the control room and operators on site) need to be considered.
5.2 Work Contact
The following factors should be considered:
a) Independent work areas that require frequent verbal communication with each other should be located in close proximity. Note: The meaning of a work area may be an operator's workbench, an office or any other workplace, including temporary work areas (such as maintenance work areas, etc.).
b) The equipment layout of the control room should enable visual communication between operators when necessary.
c) Matters unrelated to the functions of the control room should not distract the attention of operators in the control room (for example, a separate office should be set up for work such as signing contracts, and a separate conference room should be set up for regular meetings, etc.).
d) Rooms and workstations with different functions should be separated from each other to avoid potential interference, such as sound interference. 5.3 Roads and Traffic
The following factors should be considered:
a) Pedestrian passages in the plant area, including those in and out of the control center, should be reasonable. Unless there are special considerations (such as safety, confidentiality, etc.), the distance of the passages should be as short as possible to facilitate production personnel to frequently enter and exit the control center. b) Pedestrian passages through the control center should be practical and effective. For the convenience of communication, the distance should be as short as possible. c) If a part of the plant area requires visual surveillance, the work location where such surveillance tasks are performed determines the location of the control center in the plant area.
d) Restrictions on the exit of personnel from the control center shall not hinder the exit of approved personnel. e) A dedicated passage for emergency exits should be set up. f) The layout of the venue should enable visitors to easily reach various visiting points. g) Users may feel uncomfortable when their seats are facing away from the population or frequently used passages. From the perspective of safety, it is best for users to be able to see people entering the room from their normal working position. 5.4 Environmental Conditions
The following factors should be considered:
DL/T 575.6---1999
a) The materials used for floors, walls and ceilings should control glare, reflection and large contrast: The control room should reduce noise and provide appropriate sound insulation.
b) Potential external disturbance sources (such as traffic, running equipment) should be measured, evaluated and recorded, and the control room should be located at the lowest disturbance position:
5.5 Maintenance and cleaning
The following factors should be considered:
a) Factory building materials that are easy to maintain and clean should be selected, such as materials for floors, ceilings, door handles and railings. Cleaning measures should be taken when personnel enter the control center.
b) Equipment (computers, screens, printers, etc.) should be easily accessible for maintenance. c) Equipment that requires regular maintenance (such as lighting fixtures, fire alarm and gas detection systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems) should be easily accessible. d) The laying of cables should be concealed but accessible so that they can be maintained and repaired at any time, and possible future expansion should be considered. e) When carrying out maintenance activities, the interference to the control room operators should be minimized. 5.6 Visitors
Visitors should be considered when designing the control center. Professional visitors and general visitors should be distinguished, and their respective requirements should be fully understood, and the following factors should be considered: a) General visitors should be guided when passing through the control center, and their routes should minimize interference to operators. Conditions suitable for receiving general visits should be created (such as setting up an observation corridor outside the central control room). b) The confidentiality of the data on the operator's workbench and display screen should be ensured not to be leaked. c) Professional visitors may be allowed to enter the control room, but corresponding convenient conditions should be provided to enable them to see the screen display clearly. Operators should not be disturbed unless necessary.
5.7 Data and Documents
The management of data and documents used by operators and other personnel should be as follows: a) The storage and configuration of data should make it easy to find and return frequently used data. b) The archiving facilities should be able to meet the requirements of data capacity. c) Special measures should be taken for data required in emergency situations. d) In order to save space and speed up retrieval, computer-assisted management should be considered, especially for emergency procedure data. 5.8 Design Compatibility
In addition to the obvious difference in the design of the rest area and the working area, the atmosphere of each functional room should be quiet and harmonious, and have a certain degree of compatibility in design and decoration. Differences in style and contrast should be appropriately used, but huge differences should be avoided. These considerations also apply to other buildings in the Shangyi plant area.
5.9 Population and Transportation
The following factors should be considered:
a) The doors and passages of the control center should ensure that most equipment can be transported and passed. The future replenishment, maintenance and updating of equipment should also be considered, and sometimes the floor or ceiling may need to be removed. b) The space required for population management should be considered. c) Access to emergency rescue equipment, emergency equipment and emergency exits should be prepared. d) Confidentiality and security of control and monitoring functions (such as direct entrances, special doors and doors, and exits that require security inspection). 6 Work areas and facilities related to the control center 6.1 Overview
The layout design of the control center needs to take into account various requirements. In order to simplify the design process, 6.2 to 6.5 give a general description of the work areas and functional rooms of the control center, including some special requirements. These requirements can also be used as a checklist for checking the completeness of the control center design.
The contents of Chapters 4 and 5 can be applied to each functional room. There are many requirements for design, and there are many options in the design process (including functional analysis), so the project team should propose appropriate principles and follow the above checklist. 6.2 Control and monitoring functions
Control and monitoring work areas can be set up in the same room or combined with the following work spaces: a) Documentation work and corresponding work areas: Considering the facilities needed for document preparation and other management work, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers, VDTs. b) Management tasks and corresponding work areas: duty records, memoranda, etc. c) Analysis/diagnosis tasks and their corresponding work areas: Considering the use of the same information, including the possibility of several people discussing certain issues together;
d) Supervision tasks and their corresponding work areas: Considering various factors such as work organization, confidentiality, observation of the entire production process, etc. e) Pass and visitor management tasks and their corresponding work areas: This work space (such as a counter) can be part of the control room or arranged in a separate room, depending on whether there are conflicts between the two, such as work organization (who will manage passes and visitors), dealing with peak hours, knowing exactly what is happening on site, and maintaining a quiet environment in the control room. 6.3 Maintenance and support
The following factors should be considered:
a) Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area: Many details of these areas will be provided by the equipment supplier, and environmental factors, initial installation and future maintenance channels need to be considered. b) Printer area: The use of the printer (long-term use, diagnostic use, immediate use) and the expected equipment noise level need to be considered. c) Repair area, engineer work area: In the control room, various hardware and software maintenance and development work may be required. Generally, these work areas should be designed for 8 hours of normal operation. d) Storage area (such as storage of spare parts).
e) Battery room/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) room: Special environmental requirements should be put forward. 6.4. Health, safety and living facilities
The following factors should be considered:
a) Emergency exits and facilities (such as storage of personal protective equipment). b) Rest area, kitchen, smoking area: These aspects mainly depend on the relevant regulations on rest time, eating and smoking, and it is also necessary to consider that it is easy to get out of the control room in case of emergency.
c) Operator personal storage area: The personal storage area is used to store personal items, study books, training guides, work clothes, instruments, tools, etc. d) Sanitary area: In addition to toilets, bathrooms, and washrooms, a sanitation management room should also be considered to remove dirt from various parts of the control center. e) Visitor reception room: It is used to receive non-professional visitors (see 5.6). f) Special cultural requirements area: The designer should check whether there are special rooms or special arrangements in the control center based on local customs and cultural background.
g) Rescue area/facilities: Refer to local regulations. 6.5 Others
The following is listed as a separate room for the operation area (some of which can be combined): a) Meeting area, training/learning/simulation area: List the required equipment and materials and the number of people who may use the area, based on which the number and area of such rooms/areas can be estimated.
b) Security area: Consider the need to set up barriers between the various parts of the control center (or part of it) and other facilities related to the staff's access.
c) Technical support center.
d) Accident management area: In the event of a disaster, special communication equipment and equipment should be considered. 7 Verification of control center layout
To ensure that the control center layout design is carried out in accordance with the specified requirements, verification must be carried out after the design is completed, in accordance with DL/T575.11. 1279
DL/T575.6-1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 2 Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12806 Visitors
Visitors should be considered when designing the control center. A distinction should be made between professional visitors and general visitors. The requirements of these two types of visitors should be fully understood, and the following factors should be considered: a) General visitors should be guided when passing through the control center, and their routes should minimize interference with operators. Conditions suitable for receiving general visits should be created (such as setting up an observation corridor outside the central control room). b) The confidentiality of the information on the operator's workbench and display screen should be ensured not to be leaked. c) Professional visitors may be allowed to enter the control room, but corresponding convenient conditions should be provided to enable them to see the screen display clearly. Operators should not be disturbed unless necessary.
5.7 Data and Documents
The management of data and documents used by operating personnel and other personnel should be as follows: a) The storage and configuration of data should make it easy to find and return commonly used data. b) Archiving facilities should be able to meet the requirements of data capacity. c) Special measures should be taken for data required in emergency situations. d) In order to save space and speed up retrieval, computer-assisted management should be considered, especially emergency procedure data. 5.8 Compatibility of design
Except for the obvious difference between the rest area and the work area, the atmosphere of each functional room should be peaceful and harmonious, and have a certain compatibility in design and decoration. Differences in style and contrast should be used appropriately, but great differences should be avoided. These considerations also apply to other buildings in the Shangyi plant area.
5.9 Population and transportation
The following factors should be considered:
a) The doors and passages of the control center should ensure that most equipment can be transported and passed, and future equipment replenishment, maintenance and updating should also be considered, and sometimes the floor or ceiling may need to be removed. b) The space required for population management should be considered. c) Passages for emergency rescue equipment, emergency equipment and emergency exits should be prepared. d) Confidentiality and security of control and monitoring functions (such as direct population, special doors and doors, and exits that require security inspection). 6 Workspaces and facilities related to the control center 6.1 Overview
The layout design of the control center needs to consider various requirements. In order to simplify the design process, 6.2 to 6.5 are given! This is a general description of the control center work area and functional rooms, including some special requirements. These requirements can also be used as a checklist for checking the completeness of the control center design.
The contents of Chapters 4 and 5 can be applied to each functional room. The design requirements are numerous and there are many options in the design process (including functional analysis). Therefore, the project team should propose appropriate principles and follow the above checklist. 6.2 Control and monitoring functions
Control and monitoring work areas can be set up in the same room or combined with the following work spaces: a) Documentation work and corresponding work areas: Consider the facilities required for document preparation and other management work, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers and VDTs. b) Management tasks and corresponding work areas: duty records, memoranda, etc. c) Analysis/diagnosis tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering the use of the same data, including the possibility of several people discussing certain issues together;
d) Supervision tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering various factors, such as work organization, confidentiality, observation of the entire production process, etc. e) Pass and visitor management tasks and their corresponding workspaces: This workspace (such as a counter) can be part of the control room or arranged as a separate room, depending on whether there are conflicts between the two, such as work organization (who will manage passes and visitors), dealing with peak hours, knowing exactly what is happening on site, and maintaining a quiet environment in the control room. 6.3 Maintenance and support
The following factors should be considered:
a) Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area: Many details of these areas will be provided by the equipment supplier, and environmental factors, initial installation and future maintenance channels need to be considered. b) Printer area: Consider the use of the printer (long-term use, diagnostic use, immediate use) and the expected equipment noise level. c) Repair area, engineer work area: In the control room, various hardware and software maintenance and development work may be required. Generally, these work areas should be designed for 8 hours of normal operation. d) Storage area (such as storage of spare parts).
e) Battery room/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) room: Special environmental requirements should be put forward. 6.4. Health, safety and living facilities
The following factors should be considered:
a) Emergency exits and facilities (such as storage of personal protective equipment). b) Rest area, kitchen, smoking area: These aspects mainly depend on the relevant regulations on rest time, eating and smoking, and it is also necessary to consider that it is easy to get out of the control room in case of emergency.
c) Operator's personal storage area: The personal storage area is used to store personal items, study books, training guides, work clothes, instruments, tools, etc. d) Sanitary area: In addition to toilets, bathrooms and washrooms, a sanitation management room should be considered to remove dirt from various parts of the control center. e) Visitor reception room: used to receive non-professional visitors (see 5.6). f) Special cultural requirements area: designers should check whether there are special rooms or special arrangements in the control center based on local customs and cultural background.
g) Rescue area/facilities: refer to local regulations. 6.5 Others
The following is listed as a separate room for the operation area (some of which can be combined): a) Meeting area, training/learning/simulation area: list the required equipment and materials and the number of people who may use the area, based on which the number and area of such rooms/areas can be estimated.
b) Security area: consider the need to set up barriers between various parts of the control center (or part of it) and other facilities related to the staff's exit and entry.
c) Technical support center.
d) Accident management area: In case of disaster, special communication equipment and devices should be considered. 7 Inspection of control center layout
To ensure that the control center layout design is carried out in accordance with the specified requirements, verification must be carried out after the design is completed, in accordance with DL/T575.11. 1279
DL/T575.6-1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 2 Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12806 Visitors
Visitors should be considered when designing the control center. A distinction should be made between professional visitors and general visitors. The requirements of these two types of visitors should be fully understood, and the following factors should be considered: a) General visitors should be guided when passing through the control center, and their routes should minimize interference with operators. Conditions suitable for receiving general visits should be created (such as setting up an observation corridor outside the central control room). b) The confidentiality of the information on the operator's workbench and display screen should be ensured not to be leaked. c) Professional visitors may be allowed to enter the control room, but corresponding convenient conditions should be provided to enable them to see the screen display clearly. Operators should not be disturbed unless necessary.
5.7 Data and Documents
The management of data and documents used by operating personnel and other personnel should be as follows: a) The storage and configuration of data should make it easy to find and return commonly used data. b) Archiving facilities should be able to meet the requirements of data capacity. c) Special measures should be taken for data required in emergency situations. d) In order to save space and speed up retrieval, computer-assisted management should be considered, especially emergency procedure data. 5.8 Compatibility of design
Except for the obvious difference between the rest area and the work area, the atmosphere of each functional room should be peaceful and harmonious, and have a certain compatibility in design and decoration. Differences in style and contrast should be used appropriately, but great differences should be avoided. These considerations also apply to other buildings in the Shangyi plant area.
5.9 Population and transportation
The following factors should be considered:
a) The doors and passages of the control center should ensure that most equipment can be transported and passed, and future equipment replenishment, maintenance and updating should also be considered, and sometimes the floor or ceiling may need to be removed. b) The space required for population management should be considered. c) Passages for emergency rescue equipment, emergency equipment and emergency exits should be prepared. d) Confidentiality and security of control and monitoring functions (such as direct population, special doors and doors, and exits that require security inspection). 6 Workspaces and facilities related to the control center 6.1 Overview
The layout design of the control center needs to consider various requirements. In order to simplify the design process, 6.2 to 6.5 are given! This is a general description of the control center work area and functional rooms, including some special requirements. These requirements can also be used as a checklist for checking the completeness of the control center design.
The contents of Chapters 4 and 5 can be applied to each functional room. The design requirements are numerous and there are many options in the design process (including functional analysis). Therefore, the project team should propose appropriate principles and follow the above checklist. 6.2 Control and monitoring functions
Control and monitoring work areas can be set up in the same room or combined with the following work spaces: a) Documentation work and corresponding work areas: Consider the facilities required for document preparation and other management work, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers and VDTs. b) Management tasks and corresponding work areas: duty records, memoranda, etc. c) Analysis/diagnosis tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering the use of the same data, including the possibility of several people discussing certain issues together;
d) Supervision tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering various factors, such as work organization, confidentiality, observation of the entire production process, etc. e) Pass and visitor management tasks and their corresponding workspaces: This workspace (such as a counter) can be part of the control room or arranged as a separate room, depending on whether there are conflicts between the two, such as work organization (who will manage passes and visitors), dealing with peak hours, knowing exactly what is happening on site, and maintaining a quiet environment in the control room. 6.3 Maintenance and support
The following factors should be considered:
a) Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area: Many details of these areas will be provided by the equipment supplier, and environmental factors, initial installation and future maintenance channels need to be considered. b) Printer area: Consider the use of the printer (long-term use, diagnostic use, immediate use) and the expected equipment noise level. c) Repair area, engineer work area: In the control room, various hardware and software maintenance and development work may be required. Generally, these work areas should be designed for 8 hours of normal operation. d) Storage area (such as storage of spare parts).
e) Battery room/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) room: Special environmental requirements should be put forward. 6.4. Health, safety and living facilities
The following factors should be considered:
a) Emergency exits and facilities (such as storage of personal protective equipment). b) Rest area, kitchen, smoking area: These aspects mainly depend on the relevant regulations on rest time, eating and smoking, and it is also necessary to consider that it is easy to get out of the control room in case of emergency.
c) Operator's personal storage area: The personal storage area is used to store personal items, study books, training guides, work clothes, instruments, tools, etc. d) Sanitary area: In addition to toilets, bathrooms and washrooms, a sanitation management room should be considered to remove dirt from various parts of the control center. e) Visitor reception room: used to receive non-professional visitors (see 5.6). f) Special cultural requirements area: designers should check whether there are special rooms or special arrangements in the control center based on local customs and cultural background.
g) Rescue area/facilities: refer to local regulations. 6.5 Others
The following is listed as a separate room for the operation area (some of which can be combined): a) Meeting area, training/learning/simulation area: list the required equipment and materials and the number of people who may use the area, based on which the number and area of such rooms/areas can be estimated.
b) Security area: consider the need to set up barriers between various parts of the control center (or part of it) and other facilities related to the staff's exit and entry.
c) Technical support center.
d) Accident management area: In case of disaster, special communication equipment and devices should be considered. 7 Inspection of control center layout
To ensure that the control center layout design is carried out in accordance with the specified requirements, verification must be carried out after the design is completed, in accordance with DL/T575.11. 1279
DL/T575.6-1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 2 Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12805 gives! A general description of the control center work area and functional rooms, including some special requirements. These requirements can also be used as a checklist for checking the completeness of the control center design.
The contents of Chapters 4 and 5 can be applied to each functional room. The design requirements are numerous and there are many options in the design process (including functional analysis). Therefore, the project team should propose appropriate principles and follow the above checklist. 6.2 Control and monitoring functions
The control and monitoring work area can be set up in the same room or combined with the following workspaces: a) Documentation work and corresponding work area: Consider the facilities required for document preparation and other management work, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers and VDTs. b) Management tasks and corresponding work areas: duty records, memoranda, etc. c) Analysis/diagnosis tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering the use of the same data, including the possibility of several people discussing certain issues together;
d) Supervision tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering various factors, such as work organization, confidentiality, observation of the entire production process, etc. e) Pass and visitor management tasks and their corresponding workspaces: This workspace (such as a counter) can be part of the control room or arranged as a separate room, depending on whether there are conflicts between the two, such as work organization (who will manage passes and visitors), dealing with peak hours, knowing exactly what is happening on site, and maintaining a quiet environment in the control room. 6.3 Maintenance and support
The following factors should be considered:
a) Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area: Many details of these areas will be provided by the equipment supplier, and environmental factors, initial installation and future maintenance channels need to be considered. b) Printer area: Consider the use of the printer (long-term use, diagnostic use, immediate use) and the expected equipment noise level. c) Repair area, engineer work area: In the control room, various hardware and software maintenance and development work may be required. Generally, these work areas should be designed for 8 hours of normal operation. d) Storage area (such as storage of spare parts).
e) Battery room/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) room: Special environmental requirements should be put forward. 6.4. Health, safety and living facilities
The following factors should be considered:
a) Emergency exits and facilities (such as storage of personal protective equipment). b) Rest area, kitchen, smoking area: These aspects mainly depend on the relevant regulations on rest time, eating and smoking, and it is also necessary to consider that it is easy to get out of the control room in case of emergency.
c) Operator's personal storage area: The personal storage area is used to store personal items, study books, training guides, work clothes, instruments, tools, etc. d) Sanitary area: In addition to toilets, bathrooms and washrooms, a sanitation management room should be considered to remove dirt from various parts of the control center. e) Visitor reception room: used to receive non-professional visitors (see 5.6). f) Special cultural requirements area: designers should check whether there are special rooms or special arrangements in the control center based on local customs and cultural background.
g) Rescue area/facilities: refer to local regulations. 6.5 Others
The following is listed as a separate room for the operation area (some of which can be combined): a) Meeting area, training/learning/simulation area: list the required equipment and materials and the number of people who may use the area, based on which the number and area of such rooms/areas can be estimated.
b) Security area: consider the need to set up barriers between various parts of the control center (or part of it) and other facilities related to the staff's exit and entry.
c) Technical support center.
d) Accident management area: In case of disaster, special communication equipment and devices should be considered. 7 Inspection of control center layout
To ensure that the control center layout design is carried out in accordance with the specified requirements, verification must be carried out after the design is completed, in accordance with DL/T575.11. 1279
DL/T575.6-1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 2 Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12805 gives! A general description of the control center work area and functional rooms, including some special requirements. These requirements can also be used as a checklist for checking the completeness of the control center design.
The contents of Chapters 4 and 5 can be applied to each functional room. The design requirements are numerous and there are many options in the design process (including functional analysis). Therefore, the project team should propose appropriate principles and follow the above checklist. 6.2 Control and monitoring functions
The control and monitoring work area can be set up in the same room or combined with the following workspaces: a) Documentation work and corresponding work area: Consider the facilities required for document preparation and other management work, including the use of electronic auxiliary equipment such as personal computers and VDTs. b) Management tasks and corresponding work areas: duty records, memoranda, etc. c) Analysis/diagnosis tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering the use of the same data, including the possibility of several people discussing certain issues together; wwW.bzxz.Net
d) Supervision tasks and their corresponding workspaces: Considering various factors, such as work organization, confidentiality, observation of the entire production process, etc. e) Pass and visitor management tasks and their corresponding workspaces: This workspace (such as a counter) can be part of the control room or arranged as a separate room, depending on whether there are conflicts between the two, such as work organization (who will manage passes and visitors), dealing with peak hours, knowing exactly what is happening on site, and maintaining a quiet environment in the control room. 6.3 Maintenance and support
The following factors should be considered:
a) Computer area, electronic equipment area, cable rack area: Many details of these areas will be provided by the equipment supplier, and environmental factors, initial installation and future maintenance channels need to be considered. b) Printer area: Consider the use of the printer (long-term use, diagnostic use, immediate use) and the expected equipment noise level. c) Repair area, engineer work area: In the control room, various hardware and software maintenance and development work may be required. Generally, these work areas should be designed for 8 hours of normal operation. d) Storage area (such as storage of spare parts).
e) Battery room/uninterruptible power supply (UPS) room: Special environmental requirements should be put forward. 6.4. Health, safety and living facilities
The following factors should be considered:
a) Emergency exits and facilities (such as storage of personal protective equipment). b) Rest area, kitchen, smoking area: These aspects mainly depend on the relevant regulations on rest time, eating and smoking, and it is also necessary to consider that it is easy to get out of the control room in case of emergency.
c) Operator's personal storage area: The personal storage area is used to store personal items, study books, training guides, work clothes, instruments, tools, etc. d) Sanitary area: In addition to toilets, bathrooms and washrooms, a sanitation management room should be considered to remove dirt from various parts of the control center. e) Visitor reception room: used to receive non-professional visitors (see 5.6). f) Special cultural requirements area: designers should check whether there are special rooms or special arrangements in the control center based on local customs and cultural background.
g) Rescue area/facilities: refer to local regulations. 6.5 Others
The following is listed as a separate room for the operation area (some of which can be combined): a) Meeting area, training/learning/simulation area: list the required equipment and materials and the number of people who may use the area, based on which the number and area of such rooms/areas can be estimated.
b) Security area: consider the need to set up barriers between various parts of the control center (or part of it) and other facilities related to the staff's exit and entry.
c) Technical support center.
d) Accident management area: In case of disaster, special communication equipment and devices should be considered. 7 Inspection of control center layout
To ensure that the control center layout design is carried out in accordance with the specified requirements, verification must be carried out after the design is completed, in accordance with DL/T575.11. 1279
DL/T575.6-1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centers Part 2 Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12806-1999
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centres Part 2: Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 12806-1999
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main References
[1ISO/WD11064-2 (1997) Ergonomic Design of Control Centres Part 2: Layout of Control Rooms and Their Food Distribution Rooms Original Toilets [2] GB16251/T--1996 Ergonomic Principles for Work System Design (EAV ISO6385, 1981) [3] ISO924121992) Ergonomic Requirements for Visual Display Terminals for Office Work Part 2: Task Requirements Guide [4] EN614-1 (1995) Safety of Machinery - Ergonomic Design Principles Part 1: Terminology and General Principles 1280
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