NY/T 5088-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free table grapes
Some standard content:
ICS 65. 020. 20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5088—2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specifications for Fresh Grape Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5088—2002
Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix.
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China.
Drafting units of this standard: Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Agricultural College, and Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of Fruit and Seedlings of the Ministry of Agriculture (Zhengzhou)). The main drafters of this standard: Liu Chonghuai, Kong Qingshan, Wang Zhongyue, Zhou Zengqiang, Pan Xing, Huang Wuji, and He Weihua. 120
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free fresh grapes This standard specifies the production management technology that should be used in the production of pollution-free fresh grapes. This standard applies to the production of open-field fresh grapes. 2 Normative references
NY/T 5088--2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. NY/T369 Grape seedlings
NY/T470 Fresh grapes
NY/T496—2002 General rules for rational use of fertilizers NY5086 Pollution-free fresh grapes for food
NY5087 Pollution-free fresh grapes for food Environmental conditions of grape production areas Announcement No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (May 22, 2002) 3 Requirements
Orchard selection and planning
3.1.1 Orchard selection
3.1.1.1 Climate conditions
The average temperature of the warmest month in areas suitable for grape cultivation should be above 16.6°C, and the average temperature of the coldest month should be above 1.1°C. The annual average temperature should be 8°C to 18°C, with a frost-free period of more than 120 days; the annual precipitation should be within 800mm, and the rainfall in the month before harvest should not exceed 50mm; the annual sunshine hours should be more than 2000h. 3.1.1.2 Environmental conditions
Follow the provisions of NY5087.
3.1.2 Enclosure planning and design
The vineyard should be planned according to the area, natural conditions and rack type. The planning content includes: operation area, variety selection and configuration, roads, shelterbelts, soil improvement measures, soil and water conservation measures, drainage and irrigation systems, etc. 3.1.3 Variety selection
Combined with climate characteristics, soil characteristics and variety characteristics (maturity period, stress resistance and quality that can be achieved at harvest, etc.), while considering comprehensive factors such as market, transportation and socio-economics, formulate a variety selection plan. 3.1.4 Rack type selection
In areas where the soil is buried for cold protection, trellises, small trellises and free fan-shaped poultry racks are the main types. In areas where the soil is not buried for cold protection, the dominant rack types include trellises, small trellises, single-arm fences and "high, wide and vertical" T-type racks. 3.2 Garden Construction
3.2.1 Seedling Quality
Seedling quality shall comply with the provisions of NY/T369. It is recommended to use virus-free seedlings. 3.2.2 Planting Time
NY/T 5088---2002
In areas where the grapes are not buried in the soil for cold protection, they can be planted from the time when the grapes fall leaves to before they sprout in the second year, but it is better to plant before the last frost (autumn planting); in areas where the grapes are buried in the soil for cold protection, it is better to plant in spring.
3.2.3 Planting Density
The number of plants planted per unit area depends on the variety, bricks and wood, soil and rack type, etc. The common planting density is shown in Table 1. Appropriate sparse planting is the development direction of pollution-free fresh-table grapes.
Table 1 Cultivation method and number of plants planted
Small shed
Free fan
Single trunk double arms
3.2.4 Planting
3.2.4.1 Disinfection of seedlings
Plant spacing/m
0. 5~ 1. 0X 3. 0~ 4. 0
1. 0~2. 0×2. 0~ 2. 5
1. 0~2. 0X2. 0~2. 5
1. 0~2. 5×2. 5~3. 5
Disinfect the seedlings before planting. Commonly used disinfectants include 3-5 degree lime sulfur mixture or 1% copper sulfate. 3.2.4.2 Dig planting pits (ditches)www.bzxz.net
Dig planting pits or planting ditches with a width of 0.8m~1.0m and a depth of 0.8m~1.0m, improve the soil and plant. 3.3 Soil, fertilizer and water management
3.3.1 Soil management
Number of planting/667m2
166444
333~134
333~134
The following grape soil management methods should be flexibly applied according to local conditions such as varieties and climatic conditions. 3.3.1.1 Grassing or covering: It is recommended to plant green manure or cover crop straw in grape gardens to increase the content of soil organic matter. 3.3.1.2 Deep plowing: Generally, deep plowing is carried out in combination with autumn fertilization after the new shoots stop growing and the fruits are harvested, and the depth of plowing is 20cm~30cm. Water in time after deep plowing and fertilization in autumn; deep plowing in spring is shallower than deep plowing in autumn, and spring plowing should be carried out as soon as possible after the soil thaws. 3.3.1.3 Clean tillage: Carry out multiple intertillage and weeding between medicinal rows and plants, and keep the soil loose and weed-free. The garden is clean and has few diseases and insect pests.
3.3.2 Fertilization
3.3.2.1 Principles of fertilization
Follow the provisions of NY/T496--2002. Balanced fertilization or formula fertilization should be carried out according to the fertilization rules of grapes. The commercial fertilizers used should be those registered for use or exempted from registration by the agricultural administrative department. 3.3.2.2 Types of fertilizers
3.3.2.2.1 Types of fertilizers allowed to be applied
3.3.2.2.1.1 Organic fertilizers
Including compost, manure, manure, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, peat fertilizer, cake fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, fertilizer processed from human and animal waste, etc.
3.3.2.2.1.2 Microbial fertilizers
Including microbial preparations and microbial treated fertilizers, etc. 3.3.2.2.1.3 Chemical fertilizers
Including nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, magnesium fertilizers and compound (mixed) fertilizers, etc. 3.3.2.2.1.4 Foliar fertilizers
Including macronutrient fertilizers, trace element fertilizers, amino acids, and humic acid fertilizers. 3.3.2.2.2 Restricted Fertilizers
Limited nitrogen fertilizers. Restricted use of fluorine-containing compound fertilizers. 3.3.2.3 Fertilization Period and Method
NY/T 5088--2002
Grapes need to be fertilized several times a year. Generally, basal fertilizers are applied in autumn after the fruit is harvested, mainly organic fertilizers, and mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, using a furrow application method of 40cm to 60cm deep. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the main fertilizers before budding, and phosphorus and potassium are the main fertilizers during the fruit expansion and color change period. In areas where trace elements are deficient, increase the types of topdressing or foliar topdressing according to the symptoms of deficiency. The last foliar fertilization should be more than 20 days after the harvest. 3.3.2.4 Fertilizer application amount
Based on the soil fertility, tree vigor and yield, refer to the standard determination that 0.25kg~0.75kg of pure nitrogen (N), 0.25kg~0.75kg of phosphorus (P20s) and 0.35kg~1.1kg of potassium (K,0) are required for each 100kg of berries per year, and balanced fertilization is carried out. 3.3.3 Water management
Good water supply is required during the budding period, berry expansion period and before winter. Irrigation should be controlled during the maturity period. The groundwater level in rainy areas is high, and water is easily accumulated in the rainy season, so drainage conditions are required. 3.4·Shaping and pruning
3.4.1 Winter pruning
Determine the cutting intensity and renewal method of fruiting mother branches based on variety characteristics, frame characteristics, tree age, yield, etc. The cutting amount of fruiting mother branches is: about 8/m2 of frame surface and about 6/m2 of trellis surface. During winter pruning, the number of buds to be retained is determined according to the planned yield: buds to be retained = planned yield/(average bunch weight × germination rate × fruit branch rate × fruiting coefficient × branching rate) 3.4.2 Summer pruning
In the tree management during the growing season of Portuguese medicinal plants, summer pruning measures such as bud removal, branch setting, new shoot pinching, and side shoot treatment are used to control the tree.
3.5 Flower and fruit management
3.5.1 Yield adjustment
The yield is adjusted by methods such as inflorescence shaping, inflorescence thinning, and fruit thinning. It is recommended that the yield of every 667m2 of mature gardens be controlled within 1500kg.
3.5.2 Fruit bagging
After thinning the fruit, bagging should be done as soon as possible, but it is necessary to avoid high temperatures after rain, and the bagging time should not be too late. Spray the whole garden with fungicide before bagging. Red grape varieties need to be bagged 10 to 20 days before harvest. For varieties that are easy to color and colorless, as well as those in the northwest region that are too heavily colored, the bags can be harvested without bagging. In order to avoid high temperature damage, do not remove the paper bag at once when bagging. First open the bottom of the bag and gradually remove the bag. 3. 6 Pest and disease control
3.6.1 Principles of pest and disease control
Implement the plant protection policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". Based on agricultural prevention and control, promote biological control, and use chemical control technology scientifically according to the occurrence law of pests and diseases.
Chemical control should be done to treat the symptoms and use the medicine at the right time; pay attention to the rotation and reasonable mixing of the medicine; use it according to the specified concentration, number of uses per year and safe interval (the time from the last use of the medicine to the fruit harvest). Keep strict and accurate records of the use of chemical pesticides.
3.6.2 Plant quarantine
Implement the relevant plant quarantine system stipulated by the state. 3.6.3 Agricultural prevention and control
In autumn, winter and early spring, timely clean up diseased and dead fruits, diseased and insect-infested branches, diseased leaves and other diseased tissues in the orchard to reduce the initial infection sources of bacteria and insects in the orchard. Use fruit bagging measures. Reasonable intercropping and appropriate sparse planting. Use drip irrigation, film laying under trees and other technologies. Strengthen summer management to avoid canopy shading. 3.6.4 Guidelines for the use of pesticides
3.6.4.1 It is prohibited to use pesticides that are highly toxic, highly toxic, have commercial residues, have "three toxicities" (teratogenic, tumorogenic, mutagenic) effects, and do not have "three certificates" (pesticide registration certificate, production license, production batch number). Common pesticides that are prohibited from use are shown in Appendix A. 3.6.4.2 It is recommended to use mineral-based pesticides, microbial and plant-based pesticides. Commonly used mineral-based pesticides include (pre-made or ready-made) Bordeaux mixture, copper hydroxide, copper rosinate, etc.
3.7 Guidelines for the use of plant growth regulators
NY/T5088--2002
Erythromycin is allowed in Application in inducing seedless fruit, promoting seedless grape berry enlargement, lengthening fruit bunches, etc. Herbicide use guidelines
The use of phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, MCPA and their esters and salts), diphenyl ether (nitropropene ether, chlorfenapyr), substituted benzene herbicides (sodium pentachlorophenol) herbicides is prohibited. The use of chlorpyrifos or other herbicides registered on grapes is allowed. 3.9 Harvesting
The harvesting of grape fruits shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of NY/T470. 124
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Prohibited pesticides
NY/T 5088--2002
BHC, DDT, chlorpyrifos, dibromochloropropane, chlorpyrifos, ethylene dibromide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, diclofenac, fluoroacetamide, chlorpyrifos, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, tetrasil, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyclamate, spirophos, idemeton, carbofuran, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos.
Note: The data is from the Announcement No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China in 2002. 125
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