GB 16424-1996 Safety regulations for metal and non-metal underground mines
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal underground mines
Safety regulations for metal and nonmetal underground mines1Subject content and scope of application
GB16424-1996
This standard specifies the safety requirements and industrial hygiene requirements for mine shafts and tunnels, underground mining, transportation and hoisting, ventilation and dust prevention, electrical facilities, drainage, fire prevention and fire extinguishing in metal and nonmetal underground mines. This standard applies to the design, construction and mining of metal and nonmetal underground mines within the territory of the People's Republic of China. This standard does not apply to the mining of coal mines, coal-bearing pyrites and other mineral deposits coexisting with coal. 2 Reference standards
GB4792 Basic standard for radiation health protection
GB5748 Method for determination of dust in the air of workplaces Hygienic standard for drinking water
GB5749 Safety regulations for blasting
GB6722
Safety regulations for large-scale blasting
GB13349
GB14161 Safety signs in mines
GBJ70 Code for design of mine power installations
Code for construction and acceptance of mine shaft and tunnel engineering
GBJ213
TJ36 Hygienic standard for design of industrial enterprises
3 Terms
Metal and nonmetal underground mines Metal and nonmetal underground mines Underground mines that mine metal ores, radioactive ores, and ores used as chemical raw materials, building materials, auxiliary raw materials, refractory materials and other non-metallic minerals (excluding coal).
4 Management
4.1 Mining enterprises and their competent departments must implement the "safety first, prevention first" production safety policy, and gradually realize the scientific and standardized safety management; while planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing and evaluating production and construction work, they must plan, arrange, inspect, summarize and evaluate safety work.
4.2 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the safety production responsibility system. The mine manager is responsible for the safety production work of the mine. The main responsible persons at all levels are responsible for the safety production work of their units, and their technical responsible persons are responsible for the safety and technical work of their units. Each functional department is responsible for the safety production work within its scope of responsibility. 4.3 Mining enterprises and pits (workshops) should set up safety organizations or full-time safety officers; mining teams should have full-time safety All staff; classes and teams should have full-time or part-time safety officers.
Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on June 14, 1996 392
Implemented on April 1, 1997
GB16424-1996
Full-time safety personnel should be graduates of no less than secondary vocational schools (or have equivalent education), have the necessary safety expertise and safety work experience, have been engaged in mining professional work for more than five years and can often go to the site. 4.4 Mining enterprises should establish and improve professional organizations for ventilation, dust prevention and radiation protection, equip them with necessary technicians and workers, and include them in the production staff establishment.
The number of full-time ventilation and dust prevention personnel should not be less than 5% to 7% of the number of people exposed to dust. 4.5 The mine manager must undergo safety training and examinations. Nuclear, with professional safety knowledge, and the ability to lead safe production and handle mine accidents. The heads of professional safety organizations and ventilation, dust prevention, and radiation protection organizations must receive professional training for no less than 1 month at the unit designated by the competent industrial department or the head office at the equivalent ministerial level, and obtain a certificate of qualification after assessment. 4.6 Mining enterprises should earnestly carry out safe production and labor protection education for employees, popularize safety knowledge and safety laws and regulations, and carry out technical and business training. Employees are allowed to take up their posts only after passing the examination. All cadres and workers shall receive at least 20 hours of safety education each year and be assessed at least once every three years.
Before new workers go down the mine, they should receive no less than 72 hours of safety education at the mine, pit entrance (workshop), and team levels. After passing the examination, they will be led by old workers to work. Only after working for at least 4 months, becoming familiar with the operation technology of this type of work and passing the assessment, can they work independently. Personnel who change their jobs must receive training on safe operation education for the new position. When adopting new processes, new technologies and new equipment, special training should be given to relevant personnel. Personnel participating in labor, visiting and internships must receive safety education before going down the mine, and be led by a dedicated person. Mines should establish and improve safety education rooms. 4.7 Special operations personnel, operators of key positions, important equipment and facilities, must undergo technical training and special safety education, and only after passing the assessment and obtaining an operation qualification certificate or license can they take up their posts. Personnel training, assessment, certification and review should be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations. 4.8 Key positions, important equipment and facilities and dangerous areas should be strictly managed, and lighting and warning signs should be set up. 4.9: Mining enterprises should determine a reasonable mining sequence, and only allow production after the development systems such as lifting, transportation, ventilation and drainage are formed. 4.10 All safety, ventilation, dust prevention, fire prevention, waterproof and other equipment and facilities shall not be destroyed or used for other purposes, and shall not be dismantled arbitrarily without the permission of the competent department.
4.11 Mining enterprises must have the following measured charts: geological structure map of the mining area, hydrogeological map, lithology distribution map, composite map of ground engineering and underground engineering, development system plan, longitudinal and transverse map, plan of each middle section, ventilation system map, power distribution system and underground electrical equipment layout map, water supply and drainage system map and mining progress chart. The chart should correctly mark: the location, name, specification and quantity of the tunnels that have been excavated and the tunnels that are planned to be excavated (annual); a.
The location and quantity of the goaf (including the filled goaf), abandoned shafts and tunnels and the planned (annual) mining area (ore blocks); b.
Ore transportation route;
d. The location of the main safety, ventilation, dust prevention, fire prevention, waterproof, drainage and other equipment and facilities; the routes and safe exits for the safe evacuation of personnel; e.
f. The progress, method, quantity and location of the surface collapse area of the goaf and abandoned shafts. The above charts should be filled in at least once a year with the development of production. 4.12 Operators are strictly prohibited from drinking before going down the mine; they must carry lighting fixtures when going down the mine: the ventilation conditions must be checked before the operation, and the floating stones on the top and sides of the operation site must be carefully checked and handled. When there are signs of serious danger to personal safety at the operation site, the danger zone must be evacuated quickly, and timely reported and handled. At the same time, warning and lighting signs must be set up, 4.13 Mining construction projects must have mining designs approved in accordance with the procedures and authority prescribed by the state. The feasibility study report and overall design of the construction project must demonstrate the safety conditions of the mine. There must be a special chapter on safety and health in the preliminary design stage, and it should run through all professional designs. 4.14 Mining enterprises and their competent departments shall formulate safety and health engineering technical measures plans and plans while compiling annual production and construction plans and long-term development plans, and extract and use special funds for safety technical measures in accordance with national regulations. The funds must be used entirely to improve the safety production conditions of mines and shall not be used for other purposes. 4.15 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the post responsibility system for production safety and post technical operation procedures, and strictly implement the duty system and shift handover393
GB16424—1996
4.16 Mining enterprises must establish and improve the attendance and inspection system for entering and leaving the mine. The duty district chief must accurately grasp the number of people on duty and the work location. After handing over the shift, if someone is found not to have left the mine, he should immediately report to the dispatching room and relevant departments, and find out the reasons in time. It is strictly forbidden to work alone in remote and dangerous work locations underground. 4.17 Mining enterprises should establish and improve the safety activity day system; they should conscientiously implement the safety inspection system. The competent department of a mining enterprise shall inspect its subordinate mines at least once a year; the mine shall be inspected at least once a quarter; and the pit entrance (workshop) shall be inspected at least once a month.
The inspection shall be attended by the leaders in charge of safety work. The relevant departments shall be instructed to solve the potential accidents and dust and toxic hazards found in the inspection within a time limit.
4.18 Mining enterprises must distribute labor protection supplies to employees in accordance with regulations. Employees must wear and use labor protection supplies and tools in accordance with regulations.
4.19 Mining enterprises shall establish rescue and medical emergency organizations composed of full-time or part-time personnel, equipped with necessary equipment, instruments and medicines. Self-rescue and mutual rescue training shall be conducted for employees every year. 4.20 When casualties or other major accidents occur in mining enterprises, the mine manager or his agent must immediately go to the scene to command and organize rescue and take effective measures to prevent the accident from expanding.
Casualties and accidents must be reported truthfully to the labor administrative department and the competent department managing mining enterprises in accordance with regulations. After the accident occurs, it must be investigated and analyzed in a timely manner to find out the cause of the accident and propose measures to prevent similar accidents from happening. 5 Mine shafts and tunnels
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 The construction and acceptance of mine shaft and tunnel projects shall comply with GBJ213. 5.1.2 The construction organization design of shaft and tunnel engineering shall be prepared by the construction unit and participated by the design unit during the capital construction period, and submitted to the competent leader of the construction unit for approval; during the production period, it shall be prepared by the mining enterprise itself and submitted to the competent mine manager for approval. The construction organization design for special excavation methods and special sections shall be submitted to the superior competent department for approval.
Before construction, construction personnel must be organized to learn the construction organization design. During construction, operations must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the construction organization design to ensure the specifications and quality of the project.
5.1.3 Each mine shall have at least two independent safety exits directly to the ground, and the distance between the safety exits shall not be less than 30m. For large mines with complex geological conditions of the ore deposit and a strike length of more than 1000m on one wing, additional safety exits shall be added at the foot of the ore body end. Each production level (middle section) must have at least two safety exits that are convenient for pedestrians and connected to the safety exits leading to the ground. The branching of the shaft and tunnel must have road signs indicating its location and the direction to the ground exit. All underground workers must be familiar with the safety exits.
5.1.4 When the hoist shaft is used as a safety exit, there must be a hoisting device and a ladder room that are in normal operation. 5.1.5 The setting of the vertical ladder room must comply with the following provisions: the inclination angle of the ladder shall not exceed 80°;
The vertical distance between the upper and lower adjacent ladder platforms shall not exceed 8m. The ladder holes of the upper and lower adjacent platforms shall be staggered, and the length and width of the platform ladder holes shall not be less than 0.7m and 0.6m respectively; the upper end of the ladder shall be 1m higher than the platform, and the lower end shall be not less than 0.6m from the shaft wall; d.
The width of the ladder shall not be less than 0.4m, and the distance between the ladders shall not be more than 0.3m; e
The ladder room and the hoist room shall be completely separated.
5.1.6 Pedestrian transport inclined shafts shall be equipped with sidewalks. The sidewalks shall comply with the following requirements: a.
The effective width of the sidewalk shall not be less than 1.0m: b. The effective clear height of the sidewalk shall not be less than 1.9m; when the slope of the inclined shaft is 7° to 15°, pedestrian steps shall be provided; when the slope is 15° to 30°, steps and handrails shall be provided; when the slope is greater than 30°, ladders shall be provided; c.
GB16424--1996
d. For inclined shafts for transporting materials, a solid partition wall shall be provided between the lane and the sidewalk. 5.1.7 The horizontal transportation lanes for pedestrians shall be provided with sidewalks, and their effective clear height shall not be less than 1.9m, and the effective width shall comply with the following provisions: Lanes for human transportation shall not be less than 0.7m; a.
Lanes for locomotive transportation shall not be less than 0.8m; b.
Lanes for trackless transportation shall not be less than 1.2m; c.
The shunting yard and the personnel boarding yard shall not be less than 1.0m on both sides; d.
Two sidewalks shall be provided at the place where the mine car is unhooked in the pit bottom yard, and the clear width of each sidewalk shall not be less than 1.0m; Lanes for belt conveyor transportation shall not be less than 1.0m. f.
5.1.8 In horizontal lanes and inclined shafts, the gap between transportation equipment and between transportation equipment and support shall not be less than 0.3m; the gap between the protruding parts of the belt conveyor and other equipment shall not be less than 0.4m; the gap between trackless transportation equipment and support shall not be less than 0.6m.
5.2 Shaft excavation
5.2.1 When excavating in the topsoil layer, the following regulations should be observed: a. Ladders should be installed in the well, and other simple lifting facilities should not be used to lift personnel; b. When constructing in the water-bearing topsoil layer, the well ring should be erected and reinforced in time, the dense back plate should be reinforced, and measures should be taken to lower the water level to prevent the sand and soil loss surface of the well wall from causing hollow walls;
. When constructing in unstable aquifers such as quicksand, silt, and gravel, special safety and technical measures must be taken. 5.2.2 When constructing a shaft, measures must be taken to prevent objects from falling. A temporary sealing plate must be set at the wellhead, and a manhole cover door must be set on the sealing plate. Fences must be installed at both ends of the manhole cover door. The structure of the sealing plate and the manhole cover door must be strong and tight. The mucking facilities must be tight, and mucking and water leakage into the well is not allowed. The tools and materials carried by the workers in the well must be tied firmly or placed in a tool bag. It is strictly forbidden to throw materials or tools into (or in) the shaft. bzxZ.net
5.2.3 Double-layer hoisting platform should be used for vertical construction. Before lifting the hoisting platform, the winch, suspension wire rope and signal device must be strictly checked and all workers under the hoisting platform must be evacuated. When moving the hoisting platform, there must be a special person to command. After the movement, it must be fixed, the gap between the hoisting platform and the shaft wall must be covered tightly, and it must be checked and confirmed to be reliable before operation is allowed. 5.2.4 In the following situations, workers must wear safety belts, and one end of the belt should be properly fastened to a solid structure: a. Removing protective rock pillars or protective platforms; installing, repairing or removing equipment in the wellbore or on the derrick, handling suspended equipment, pipes, cables in the wellbore, or working on a hanging plate; d. Riding in a bucket; cleaning pumice on the wellbore ring after blasting; hoisting pump operations during well casing construction; supporting and locking the wellhead at the middle section of the wellhead where operations in the wellbore have been temporarily terminated. 5.2.5
When using a bucket for lifting, the following regulations must be observed: a.
Before closing the manhole cover door, it is prohibited to load or unload the bucket or tie tools or materials to the hook; b.
A sturdy protective umbrella must be installed above the bucket; the manhole cover door should have an automatic opening and closing device so that it can be opened and closed in time when the bucket passes through; d.
The manhole cover should have a device to prevent the bucket from overwinding, and the wire rope hanging the bucket should be equipped with a rope stabilizing device. e.
The rock slag in the bucket should be 0.1m lower than the edge of the bucket mouth, and the long objects put into the bucket must be firmly tied to the bucket beam; the key parts on the bucket must be checked once every shift, and there must be no unfixed hanging objects around the shaft of the bucket operation channel; g.
The bucket must be raised and lowered along the guide wire rope; when there is no guide rope in the initial stage of shaft excavation, or the lifting distance of the part without guide rope under the hoisting platform shall not exceed 40m;
i. The number of people riding in the bucket shall not exceed the specified number, and the people riding in the bucket must face outside the bucket, and it is strictly forbidden to sit or stand on the edge of the bucket. It is forbidden to ride in the bucket filled with materials 395
GB16424-1996
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j. It is prohibited to use automatic flip or bottom-opening buckets to lift personnel (except when rescuing the wounded); k.
When the bucket lifts personnel to the wellhead, personnel are not allowed to enter or exit the bucket until the manhole cover door of the vehicle exit platform is closed and the bucket stops steadily; good communication signals must be set up between the wellhead, the lifting platform and the working surface at the bottom of the well. 1.
When using a rock grab to remove the rock, the following regulations must be observed: 5.2.6
Before operation, the various parts of the rock grab and the suspended wire rope should be checked in detail; a.
After blasting, the working face must be ventilated, watered, pumice treated, the well ring cleaned, and blind shots treated before rock grabbing operations can be carried out; large rocks exceeding the capacity of the rock grab shall not be grabbed; when the rock grab is unloading rock, personnel shall not stand near the bucket; d.
It is prohibited to take rock blocks from under the rock grab blades by hand; e.
There must be a special person to command the lifting of the rock grab; f.
When the rock grab is temporarily not in use, it must be lifted to a safe height by a winch. When someone is working at the bottom of the well, it is strictly prohibited to lift the rock grab only by a cylinder. g.
5.2.7When constructing a vertical shaft, a suspended metal safety ladder must be installed. The electric winch capacity of the safety ladder shall not be less than 5t. A manual winch should also be provided to prepare for lifting underground personnel in case of power failure. When the suspended safety ladder adopts a safety winch with both electric and manual functions, a manual winch may not be provided.
5.2.8 Each work site in the shaft casing should be equipped with an independent sound and light signal system and communication device to reach the shaft head. When excavation and walling are carried out in parallel, the signals sent from the hoisting platform and the excavation working face should be clearly distinguished, and a designated person should be responsible for it. A shaft head signalman must be set up, and the entire signal system should be connected by the shaft head signalman with the winch room and the shaft casing working face. 5.2.9 When deepening the shaft casing, a solid protective plate or a safety rock pillar must be left under the water pit at the bottom of the shaft to separate the deepening part of the shaft casing from the upper working middle section. The extraction of rock pillars or the withdrawal of protective plates must be subject to special construction design, and construction can only be carried out after approval by the mine manager in charge. 5.3 Inclined shaft and horizontal tunnel excavation
5.3.1 The construction of the surface opening of inclined shaft and horizontal tunnel shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the design, and support and masonry retaining wall shall be carried out in time. 5.3.2 Before using rock loader, bucket rock loader, scraper, loader or manual mucking, check and deal with the floating stones on the top and side of the working face. When moving the bucket rock loader in the inclined joint, no one is allowed to be below. 5.3.3 The following regulations must be observed in the construction of inclined shafts: a. A car blocker linked to the winch is installed at the wellhead; b. Bumpers are installed on the well neck and above the excavation working face, and they are supervised by a special person (signal worker). The bumper above the working face should be moved frequently with the advancement of the working face;
c. A shelter is installed every 30 to 50 meters on one side of the pedestrian walkway in the inclined shaft; d. A telephone and a sound and light lifting signal are installed underground. 5.4 Excavation of ceilings and chute shafts
5.4.1. When using the common method to excavate the skylight and chute, the following regulations should be observed: a. The erected work platform must be firm and reliable; b. A safe and reliable support shed must be set up in time, and the distance from the working surface must not exceed 6mc. When the excavation height exceeds 7m, facilities such as ladder room and ballast room should be installed, and the ladder room and ballast room should be separated by partitions; if there is no ladder room, a ladder with a protective shed on the top should be set up;
d. The skylight and chute should be connected with the upper horizontal lane as soon as possible, and generally no or less other projects should be opened before the connection. When other projects need to be opened, local ventilation measures should be strengthened;
When the skylight is excavated to about 7m away from the upper lane, the surveyor must give the connection position and set up warning signs and e.
fences in the upper lane;
The chute grid must not be emptied, and the amount of ore and rock not less than one batch of blasting should be retained. f.
5.4.2 When using the hanging pot method to dig the sky, the following regulations should be observed: a. Before loading the pot, the connection devices, protective covers, wire ropes, air and water pipe joints, sound and light signal systems and communication facilities of the hanging pot parts must be checked to see if they are complete and firm. If there is any damage or failure, they must be handled before operation; b. The safety factor of the wire rope used for lifting the hanging pot should be not less than 13, the number of broken wires in any one lay length should not exceed 5% of the total number of wires, and the wear should not exceed 10% of the original diameter; c. The hanging tank must be equipped with a signal operating device for raising, lowering and stopping controlled by the personnel in the tank; the signal communication and power control lines shall not be set in the same hanging tank hole as the hanging tank wire rope; d.
When raising and lowering the hanging tank, the jamming and floating stones should be handled carefully; the operators should wear safety belts and stand in the protective cover plate, and their heads shall not touch the tank cover and tank wall; after raising and lowering, the power supply of the hanging tank stabilizer should be cut off immediately and the brake device should be tied; f.
It is strictly forbidden to throw tools or materials down from the hanging tank; the deflection rate of the center hole of the skylight should not be greater than 0.5%; h.
The hanging tank winch should be locked on the short rail and disconnected from the roadway rail; the maintenance of the hanging tank should be carried out in a safe place. When the skylight is connected with the upper roadway, the ventilation and vigilance of the upper roadway must be strengthened. When using the climbing tank method to excavate a shaft, the following regulations must be observed: 5.4.3
When the climbing tank is in operation, personnel must stand in the tank. If there is a jam or floating stone, the tank must be stopped for processing; when the tank reaches the top of the guide rail, the protective umbrella should be close to the working surface and the workbench should be close to the top of the guide rail; under normal circumstances, it is prohibited to descend by deadweight. d.
When transporting the guide rail, the guide rail should be fixed with assembly pins. When installing the guide rail, you should stand under the protective umbrella to clean the floating stone and then fix the guide rail securely. e.
Wipe the oil stains on the brake in time;
Other safety matters should comply with the relevant regulations of the hanging tank method for excavation. 5.5·Shaft and tunnel support
5.5.1 When excavating shafts and tunnels in unstable rock formations, support must be provided. When excavating in soft or sandy rock formations, temporary support or special support should be set up between permanent support and the excavation working surface. 5.5.2 For parallel lanes that require support, the distance between the support and the working surface should be specified in the construction design. When stopping the excavation midway, the support must be brought to the working surface in time.
5.5.3 When setting up wooden supports, the following regulations should be observed: a. Do not use decayed, worm-hole, soft miscellaneous wood, or split pit wood. Pit wood should be treated with anti-corrosion; b. After the support is set up, wooden wedges should be used to wedge the beams, columns, tops, and sides at the joints. The gaps between the tops and sides must be plugged tightly, and the beams and columns must be fixed with nails at the joints;
The inclined shaft support should be equipped with lower supports and tie rods. For inclined shafts with a slope greater than 30°, support columns should be installed between permanent support sheds; c.
The column sockets should be driven into stable rocks;
Before blasting, the supports close to the working surface should be reinforced with nails, tie rods, and support wood; e.
If the shed legs are found to be crooked, cracked, the top beams are broken, or the pit wood is rotten, they should be replaced and repaired in time. 5.5.4 The following provisions must be observed when supporting the formwork of the shaft and tunnel: a. Fill the tunnel well; When removing the original support before laying the tunnel, the floating stones on the top and sides must be cleaned in time, and temporary roof protection measures must be taken; After laying the tunnel, the gap between the top and sides should be strengthened if the spacing of the wooden treads exceeds 1m and the spacing of the metal treads exceeds 2m; b. When erecting the treads in the tunnel with a span greater than 4m, the nodes of the metal treads must be connected with bolts, and the nodes of the wooden treads must be firm and the strength of the treads should have a safety factor of not less than 3 times the supporting weight; d. e. The lower chord of the tread shall not be used to support the workbench. 5.5.5 The following provisions must be observed when laying the tunnel in the vertical shaft: a. A temporary shaft ring should be installed between the permanent support of the vertical shaft and the excavation working face, and the shaft ring and the back plate should be tightly plugged with wedges. The distance between the permanent support and temporary well ring and the excavation working face shall be specified in the construction organization design; b. When the ordinary well drilling method is used to penetrate the surface soil layer, soft rock layer or quicksand layer, the temporary well ring must be close to the working face and should be reinforced; the back plate of the ring must be tight and laid in time; before laying the well, each shift must have a special person to check the movement and loss of the surface soil, rock layer and quicksand behind the surface and the well ring. If dangerous signs are found, the operation must be stopped immediately, the personnel must be evacuated and handled; c. The well wall must be kept flat and the interface must be tight; the gap between the rock wall and the wall should be filled with crushed stone and filled with mortar; when there is water gushing from outside, it must be led out with a conduit, and the water must be sealed after the laying is completed. 5.5.6 The following provisions must be observed in the sprayed anchor support work: the use of anchor rods, shotcrete or sprayed concrete support should be specially designed; the distance between the sprayed anchor working face and the excavation working face, the anchor rod type and angle, the thickness and strength of the spray body, etc., should be specified in the design; the eyelet of the mortar anchor rod must be cleaned and filled; b. The anchor rod should be subjected to a tensile test, and the spray body should be checked for thickness and strength; safety measures should be taken when conducting an anchoring force test underground; c. The support plate of the rod must be close to the tunnel wall and tightened with a nut; d.
When dealing with blockage in the injection pipeline, the nozzle of the spray gun must be pointed downwards and not towards personnel; e.
When spraying anchors in soft and broken rock formations, advance anchor rods must be driven to provide pre-top protection; in dynamic pressure tunnels, a combined support method of spraying anchors and metal mesh must be used; when spraying anchors in shafts and tunnels with water, waterproofing must be done in advance; when spraying anchors, personal protective equipment and good lighting should be worn. g.
5.5.7 Secondary excavation in cemented filling bodies must be carried out only after the cemented filling body reaches the specified curing period and strength, and reliable support should be set up at the same time.
5.6 Maintenance and scrapping of shafts and tunnels
5.6.1 All supported shafts and tunnels should be inspected regularly. Underground safety exits and shaft casings for lifting personnel should be inspected at least once a month; shafts and tunnels with high ground pressure and mining tunnels with frequent personnel activities should be inspected every shift. Problems found during the inspection should be dealt with in a timely manner and recorded. 5.6.2 When repairing major lifting shafts, transportation tunnels and large bunkers, a safety and technical measures plan should be prepared and must be approved by the mine manager in charge. 5.6.3 When repairing inclined shafts and horizontal tunnels, the following regulations must be observed: a. When repairing or expanding the cross-section of a horizontal tunnel, the supports near the work site should be reinforced first, and then the supports at the work site should be removed, and preparations for temporary support work should be made;
b. The number of supports to be removed each time should be determined according to the specific situation. The removal of dense supports should not exceed two supports at a time. When replacing supports in places with soft roofs, or repairing tunnel intersections and serious roof-falling areas, tie rods or supports must be added between the supports. c. Set up temporary supports: When cleaning pumice, tools must be operated in a safe place; d. When repairing inclined shafts, vehicles should be stopped, and warnings and obvious signs should be set up; e. When replacing supports in dead-end tunnels, no one should be inside. f.
5.6.4 When repairing a shaft, a construction organization design must be prepared and the following provisions must be observed: Work must be done on a solid platform, which should be equipped with protective facilities and communication signals, and there should be a reliable communication method between the working platform and the middle section of the horizontal lane;
Workers should wear safety belts;
Before work, the floating stones on the horse head gates and shaft frames of each middle section should be cleaned; c.
d. The horse head gates of each middle section should be guarded by a special person. 5.6.5 The entrances to abandoned shafts, lanes and bunkers must be closed in time. Before closing, there should be obvious signs at the entrances to prohibit entry. For abandoned shafts, inclined shafts and horizontal lanes, fences with a height of not less than 1.5m should be set around the ground entrances, and the names of the original shafts and lanes should be marked. 5.6.6 The support materials of abandoned vertical shafts and abandoned inclined shafts with an inclination angle of more than 30° are generally not allowed to be recycled. If recycling is necessary, safety and technical measures approved by the mine manager in charge should be formulated. The support material recycling of abandoned inclined shafts or abandoned horizontal tunnels with an inclination angle of less than 30° must be carried out from the inside to the outside. ·5.6.7 When repairing abandoned shafts and tunnels, the stability of the shafts and tunnels themselves and the distribution of surrounding structures, shafts and tunnels, goafs, etc., as well as the air composition and temperature in the abandoned shafts and tunnels should be understood first, and construction can only be carried out after confirming safety. 5.6.8 When repairing flooded shafts and tunnels, the exposed parts must be promptly checked for support, and measures must be taken to prevent the sudden outflow of harmful gases and accumulated water.
5.7 Fall prevention
GB16424-1996
5.7.1 The connection between the vertical shaft and each middle section must have sufficient lighting and a fence or metal mesh with a height of not less than 1.5m, and a vehicle blocker must be installed, and a fence gate must be installed at the entrance and exit. The fence gate is only allowed to be opened when people or vehicles pass through. A detour must be set at the connection between the shaft and the horizontal main tunnel, and people are prohibited from passing through the lifting room.
5.7.2 The skylight, chute, ground well and funnel mouth must be equipped with signs, lighting, guardrails or gratings, and covers. 5.7.3 When working in shafts, skylights, chutes and above the funnel mouth, as well as working at other locations 2m or more relative to the fall reference plane, workers must wear safety belts, or set up a fall protection platform or safety net below the work point. During the operation, a special person should be assigned to supervise. 6 Underground mining
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 Underground mining must be carried out in accordance with mining design and operating procedures. 6.1.2 Each mining area (pan area, ore block) must have two exits and connect the upper and lower tunnels. The support of the safety exit must be strong and equipped with a ladder.
6.1.3 The plan for mining pillars and goaf treatment must be proposed at the same time in the mining design; after the mining of the middle section of the mine room is completed, the upper middle section of the pillars should be mined immediately; the mining speed of the pillars should be compatible with the mining speed of the mine room, and the retreat mining method should be adopted. 6.1.4 The size, shape and verticality of the pillars (including top pillars, bottom pillars and intermediate pillars, etc.) must be strictly maintained, and they should be inspected and managed by special personnel to ensure their stability during the entire utilization period. 6.1.5 It is forbidden to empty the chute. It is strictly forbidden to put unqualified large pieces of ore, scrap steel, wood, wire rope and other debris into the well to prevent blockage. No water is allowed to flow into the chute.
It is strictly forbidden for personnel to stand directly on the ore in the chute and funnel or enter the chute and funnel to deal with blockage. The use of special methods to deal with blockage must be approved by the mine manager in charge.
6.1.6 When an overhanging arch or vertical slot appears during the mining operation in the stope, it is strictly forbidden for personnel to enter the underside of the overhanging arch and vertical slot for processing. The use of special methods to deal with blockage must be approved by the mine manager in charge.
6.1.7 Support measures must be taken for mining faces, mining and cutting tunnels with soft and unstable surrounding rocks; the support damaged by blasting or other reasons must be repaired in time, and operations can only be carried out after confirming safety. The floating stones on the roof and both sides must be dealt with in advance, and mining operations can only be carried out after confirming safety. It is prohibited to drill rocks and deal with floating stones at the same time in the same mining area. If signs of roof collapse are found during operation, the operation should be stopped for treatment. If signs of major roof collapse are found, the operating personnel should be notified to evacuate the site immediately and report it in time.
6.1.8 A roof management system must be established. For mining areas with unstable roofs, a special person should be designated to be responsible for inspection. 6.1.9 Mines with complex engineering geology and ground pressure activities should comply with the following regulations: set up special institutions or full-time personnel to be responsible for ground pressure management, conduct on-site monitoring in a timely manner, and do a good job of prediction and forecasting: a.
If signs of large-scale ground pressure activities are found, operations must be stopped immediately and personnel must be evacuated to a safe place; b.
Obvious signs or fences should be set up in the surface collapse area, and the shafts and tunnels leading to the collapse area should be closed, and personnel are not allowed to enter the collapse area and goaf. 6.1.10 Mines that adopt the ore retention method and the open field method for mining must take measures to fill or force the collapse of surrounding rock and deal with the goaf in a timely manner; whether the smaller, thinner and isolated goaf needs to be dealt with in a timely manner shall be decided by the mine manager in charge. 6.1.11 Underground blasting shall comply with the provisions of GB6722 and GB13349. 6.2 Mining methods
6.2.1 When mining by the comprehensive method, the roof should be carefully checked during the mining process, the floating stone should be removed, and appropriate pillars should be left according to the stability of the roof.
6.2.2 When mining by the cross brace pillar method, the cross brace support material should have sufficient strength, and one end must be tightly inserted into the bottom plate column socket; rock drilling can only be carried out after the platform is set up; personnel are prohibited from walking on the cross brace; the width of the mining area shall not exceed 3m. 6.2.3 When mining by the segmented method, the following regulations should be observed: a. Except for the tunnels used for mining, transportation, filling and ventilation, it is prohibited to dig other tunnels in the top pillar of the mining area; 399
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b. The mine rooms and pillars in the upper and lower middle sections should correspond to each other as much as possible, and the specifications should be as similar as possible. 6.2.4 When mining with the shallow hole ore retention method, the following regulations should be observed: Before mining the first layer, the lower funnel and trumpet mouth should be expanded and filled with ore; a. Each funnel should be hooked to release ore, and if it is found to be suspended in the air, the upper operation should be stopped. After the suspension is properly handled, the operation can be continued; b. The ore release personnel and the personnel in the mining area should keep in close contact, and it is not allowed to work simultaneously in the upper and lower areas within the impact range of ore release; The amount of ore released in each mining layer should be controlled to the height required to ensure the safe operation of the rock drilling working face, and the working height should generally be controlled at about 2 m.
6.2.5 When adopting the wall caving method for mining, the following provisions shall be observed: the suspended roof, the controlled roof, the distance of the roof and the safety measures for the roof caving shall be specified in the design; a.
Before the roof caving, a comprehensive inspection shall be carried out to ensure that the exit is unobstructed, the lighting is good and the equipment is safe; when the roof caving is carried out, personnel are prohibited from staying in the tunnel near the roof caving area; among the dense pillars, there shall be a safety exit with a width of not less than 0.8m every 3 to 5m; when the dense pillars are under excessive pressure, reinforcement measures shall be taken in time;
If the roof caving does not achieve the expected effect, a careful design must be made before the second roof caving can be carried out; f.
|After the roof is released, the roof-falling area should be closed in time and personnel are prohibited from entering. g.
When mining a multi-layer ore body in layers, the lower ore layer can only be mined after the upper roof rock collapses and stabilizes; h.
When mining two adjacent middle sections at the same time, the upper middle section mining face should be ahead of the lower middle section working face by the inclined length of the previous working face, and the distance should not be less than 20m;
The roof that cannot fall by itself after the pillars are removed should be re-drilled and blasted toward the roof-falling area 0.5m outside the dense pillars to force it to collapse; the removal of pillars by machine and by hand should be carried out from bottom to top and from far to near; if the inclination of the ore body is less than 10°, the order of pillar removal is not limited. 6.2.6 When adopting the sublevel caving method with bottom pillars and the stage caving method for mining, the following regulations should be observed: a. The electric rake tracks in the mining area should have independent air inlet and return ducts; the direction of the rice cake transport should be opposite to the direction of the wind flow, and the connecting roads between the electric rake tracks should be located on the wind inlet side and on the side or rear of the electric rake winch; there must be a sidewalk with a width of not less than 0.8m next to the ore chute of the electric rake track; unrepaired electric rake tracks are not allowed to leave the mine; when using extrusion blasting, the compensation space and the amount of ore released should be controlled to avoid causing an overhang; a loose cushion layer with a thickness of not less than 3 to 4m should be formed in the bottom pulling space; the top of the mining area should have a covering rock layer with a thickness not less than the height of the collapse layer. If the roof of the mining area cannot fall off by itself, it should be forced to collapse in time or filled with filling materials.
6.2.7 When adopting the pillarless segmented collapse method for mining, the following provisions shall be observed: 1.
There shall be a covering rock layer above the mining face that is greater than the segment height to ensure the safety of the mining work; if the upper plate cannot fall off on its own or the amount of rock that falls does not reach the specified thickness, forced top release must be carried out in time to make the thickness of the covering rock layer reach about twice the segment height;
When the upper and lower segments are mined at the same time, the upper segment shall be ahead of the lower segment, and the leading distance shall make the upper segment outside the displacement range of the lower segment mining working face, and shall not be less than 20m; there must be sufficient fresh air flow in the connecting roads of each segment; c.
After the mining of each segment is completed, the chute of the segment shall be closed in time. 6.2.8 When using the layered caving method for mining, the following regulations should be observed: the width of each layered access shall not exceed 3m, and the layer height shall not exceed 3.5m; a.4
When mining the upper and lower layers at the same time, the upper layer must be kept ahead of the adjacent lower layer (in the horizontal direction) by more than 15m; c.
When the false roof collapses, personnel are prohibited from staying in the adjacent access; when the false roof is blocked from falling, it is prohibited to continue mining the layer; when the roof falls and a void is produced, it is prohibited to work in the adjacent access or the lower layer tunnel d.
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When the roof collapses, it is forbidden to remove the pillars by felling; when mining the first layer, it is forbidden to remove the pillars; if the roof cannot collapse naturally in time, the gently inclined ore body should be forced to caving; f.
Drilling, charging, mining and other operations should be carried out in the support area; g.
After the mining area is mined, a reinforced false wall should be laid at the top of the mine; h.
Mining should be carried out from one side of the ore block to the direction of the skylight to avoid a dead-end working face with poor ventilation; when mining approaches the skylight, the layers must be connected to another skylight within the layer along the vein (through the vein); j
The cleaning of the working face must be carried out from the exit to the collapse area. 6.2.9 When using the backfilling method for mining, the following regulations should be observed: the mining area must have good lighting; pedestrian wells, ore chutes, drainage wells (for water-sand backfilling) and ventilation wells along the way must be kept unobstructed a.
The maximum particle size of the backfill material: the water-sand backfill material shall not be greater than 1/4 of the pipe diameter, and the cementing backfill material shall not be greater than 1/5 of the pipe diameter; b.
When using the upward layered backfilling method for mining, the backfilling well and its connecting road must be constructed first, and then the bottom structure and bottom pullway c.
construction must be carried out to create good ventilation conditions. When chute shafts and pedestrian shafts are arranged within the vein, it is strictly forbidden to blast the entire layer at one time; the blastholes in the mining area should be evenly arranged, and the roof should be arched; d.
Each layer should be filled in time after mining, and the last layer should be tightly connected to the roof after mining; personnel are prohibited from staying and passing under the filling shaft; during filling, there should be communication between the various processes; pedestrian shafts and ore discharge shafts should have reliable backing materials to prevent leakage of filling materials to prevent blockage and suspension; filling materials accumulated in the lower tunnels and ditches of the mining area should be cleaned in time; when mining is carried out by the downward cementation filling method, the ore at the bottom corners of the two sides of the mining area should be cleaned; h.
When using combined steel cylinders as road shafts (pedestrians, water filtration, ore discharge), a safety net should be hung at the wellhead before the steel cylinder assembly operation; when mining is carried out by the upward layered filling method with artificial pillars, the adjacent mining areas should be advanced by a certain distance. When mining pillars, the following regulations should be observed:
When mining top pillars and intermediate pillars, the stability of the transport tunnel should be checked in advance, and reinforcement measures should be taken if necessary. When adopting the cemented filling mining method, the mining of pillars can only be carried out after the cemented filling body reaches the required strength; when mining the intermediate pillars of two adjacent unfilled mine rooms, it is prohibited to dig tunnels in the pillars; all preparations for mining top pillars and intermediate pillars must be completed before the mining of the mine room is completed (except for the cemented filling goaf afterwards); d.
Except for the charging and blasting personnel, no unrelated personnel are allowed to enter the tunnels and pillar mining areas in the top pillars of the unfilled mine room; e.
When a large number of pillars are forcibly collapsed by large-scale blasting, safety measures should be taken for the tunnels, equipment and f.
facilities within the influence radius of the blasting shock wave and the thunder wave; if the expected collapse effect is not achieved, a supplementary collapse design should be carried out. 6.3 Mining machinery
6.3.1 When using electric winch to mine, the following regulations should be observed: a.
There should be good lighting;
The front of the winch should be equipped with protective facilities to prevent broken ropes from swinging back; before the winch starts, the driver should give a signal; when the electric winch is running, it is forbidden for people to cross the wire rope; d.
When the electric winch stops running, the wire rope should be loosened. 6.3.2 When using trackless loading equipment, the following regulations should be observed: a. When a vehicle running in the mine roadway encounters a person, it should stop to let the person pass; b. The bottom plate of the transport roadway should be flat and free of large pieces, the slope of the roadway should be less than the climbing capacity of the equipment, and the curve radius of the curve should meet the requirements of the equipment;
It is forbidden to pry floating stones with a bucket or stand in the bucket, and it is forbidden to break large pieces with a bucket; d. Personnel are prohibited from passing or staying under the raised bucket; e: Safety car barriers should be installed in the chute;
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A sturdy protective shed should be installed above the driver's seat of the scraper; g. The car box should not be overloaded, and a protective net or plate should be installed above the operating position of the operator. 7 Transportation and lifting
7.1 Horizontal tunnel transportation
7.1.1 In mines that use electric locomotives for transportation, when the length of the horizontal tunnel from the pit bottom parking lot or the flat blockhouse to the work site exceeds 1500m, a special man-carrying vehicle should be used to transport personnel.
The special man-carrying vehicle should have a metal roof, and electrical connections should be made from the roof to the car and frame to ensure reliable grounding through the rails. 7.1.2 When a special man-carrying vehicle is used to transport personnel, the following regulations must be observed: a. Before each shift, a special person should check the vehicle structure, connection device, axle and brake, and only transport personnel after confirming that they are qualified; b. The places where people get on and off the train should have good lighting and departure bells; if there are more than two destinations, there should be light signs indicating the train's destination: the busbar of the overhead line electric locomotive must be equipped with a section switch, and the power supply must be cut off when people get on and off the train; the shunting yard in the double-track lane should be equipped with a section locking device, and other vehicles are prohibited from entering the boarding line when people get on and off the train; c
The train speed shall not exceed 3m/s;
It is prohibited to transport explosive, flammable and corrosive items or attached material vehicles at the same time. 7.1.3 Passengers must strictly abide by the following regulations: a.
Obey the driver's instructions;
The tools and parts carried must not be exposed outside the car; when the train is running and before it stops, it is forbidden to stick the head and body out of the car, and it is forbidden to get on and off the car; d.
It is forbidden to overload the train, and the safety door chain must be hung when the train is running; e
It is forbidden to climb on the train, jump off the train, and sit at the vehicle connection or the locomotive head platform; f
It is forbidden to take other vehicles except those for people, rescue the wounded, and deal with accidents. 7.1.4 When transported by train, the mine car must use a connection device that cannot be unhooked by itself. For vehicles that cannot automatically unhook, the extension length of the bumpers or buffers at both ends should not be less than 100mm. Vehicles parked on a self-sliding slope must be stabilized with reliable braking devices or wooden wedges. 7.1.5 When pushing carts by hand, the following regulations must be observed: a The pusher must carry a mining lamp. In the section with poor lighting, the mining lamp should be hung at the front of the mine car in the direction of travel; b. One person is only allowed to push one car. The distance between vehicles traveling in the same direction shall not be less than 10m when the slope of the track is less than 5%; it shall not be less than 30m when the slope is greater than 5%; it is prohibited to push the car manually when the slope is greater than 10%; c. When running on a line that can slide by itself, there should be a reliable braking device; the driving speed shall not exceed 3m/s; it is strictly prohibited for the pusher to slide or let the car fly,
d. When the mine car passes through the turnout, tunnel entrance, air gate, curve and the section with a large slope, and when two cars meet, there are people or obstacles in front, derailment, parking, etc., the pusher should issue an alarm in time. 7.1.6 In the transport tunnel, personnel must walk along the sidewalk. When the train passes each other in the double-track tunnel, personnel are prohibited from staying between the two tracks. It is prohibited to cross the train.
7.1.7 Permanent tracks shall be laid in time with the tunnel excavation, and the length of temporary tracks shall not exceed 15m. The roadbed of permanent tracks shall be paved with crushed stone or gravel ballast, the thickness of the ballast under the sleepers shall not be less than 90mm, and the depth of the sleepers buried in the ballast shall not be less than 2/3 of the thickness of the sleepers.
7.1.8 The curve radius of the track shall comply with the following provisions: a. When the driving speed is less than 1.5m/s, it shall not be less than 7 times the maximum wheelbase of the vehicle; b. When the driving speed is greater than 1.5m/s, it shall not be less than 10 times the maximum wheelbase of the vehicle; when the track curve angle is greater than 90°, it shall not be less than 10 times the maximum wheelbase of the vehicle; c.
For large vehicles with bogies (such as shuttle cars, bottom-dumping mine cars, etc.), it shall not be less than the requirements of the vehicle technical documents. d.
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7.1.9 The widening of the curved track and the superelevation of the outer rail shall meet the requirements of the transportation technical conditions. The track gauge error of the straight track shall not exceed +5mm and -2mm, the plane error shall not exceed 5mm, and the rail joint gap shall not exceed 5mm. 7.1.10 When repairing the line, a temporary signal shall be set up at least 80m before and after the work site, and it shall be removed after the repair is completed. 7.1.11 When using electric locomotives for transportation, the following regulations must be observed: a.
In return air lanes with explosive gases, it is prohibited to use overhead wire electric locomotives; in mines with high sulfur and spontaneous combustion hazards, explosion-proof battery electric locomotives should be used; b.
The brakes, lights, alarms, connectors and overcurrent protection devices of the electric locomotive must be checked every shift. If any of them is abnormal, it must not be used; c.
The electric locomotive driver must not leave his post without permission; when the driver leaves the locomotive, he must cut off the power supply to the motor, pull down the controller handle, remove the d.
car key, and tighten the brake to stop the locomotive. 7.1.12 When operating the electric locomotive, the following regulations must be observed: a. The driver shall not stick his head or body out of the train; Train braking distance: when transporting personnel, it shall not exceed 20m; when transporting materials, it shall not exceed 40m; for large locomotives over 14t b.
(or double locomotives) traction transportation, it shall be determined according to the transportation conditions, but shall not exceed 80m. On the main transportation road transported by electric locomotives, non-motorized vehicles must obtain the consent of the dispatcher before driving; c.
During normal driving, the locomotive must be towed at the front of the train (except for shunting or handling accidents); d.
When the train passes through the air gate, tunnel entrance, curve, turnout and section with large slope, and when there are vehicles ahead or the line of sight is obstructed, the train must e.
slow down and sound the alarm;
f.When anyone finds any situation that hinders the train's progress ahead of the train, he should use a mining lamp, sound or other means to send an emergency stop signal to the driver; when the driver finds any abnormal situation or signal ahead of the train, he should immediately stop the train for inspection and troubleshoot before continuing to drive; g. Before the electric locomotive stops steadily, the hook must not be removed; h. It is strictly forbidden to reverse without a connecting device or to reverse for a long distance; if it is necessary to reverse for a short distance, it must slow down and drive slowly, and a special person must observe and monitor in front of the reverse.
7.1.13 The hanging height of the busbar of overhead line electric locomotive transportation (measured from the rail surface) shall comply with the following provisions: not less than 2m in the main underground transportation lanes, shunting yards and where the sidewalks intersect with the transportation lanes; a.
b. In the pit bottom parking lot, the distance from the pit bottom to the boarding lot shall not be less than 2.2m. The installation of busbars for electric locomotive transportation shall comply with the following provisions: 7.1.14
a. The spacing between the busbar suspension points shall not exceed 5m in the straight section and not exceed 3m in the curved section; b. The horizontal pull wires on both sides of the busbar clamp shall be insulated with porcelain bottles. The distance between the clamp and the porcelain bottle shall not exceed 0.2m, and the distance between the clamp and the roadway roof or the support beam shall not be less than 0.2m; c. The distance between the busbar and the outer edge of the pipeline shall not be less than 0.2m; d. The intersection of the busbar and the metal pipeline shall be separated by insulating materials. 7.1.15 The busbars for electric locomotive transportation shall be equipped with section switches, and the section distance shall not exceed 500m. Each branch line shall also be equipped with a section switch. During get off work hours, the busbar within 50m of the shaft must be cut off from the power supply. When the transportation work of overhead locomotive is interrupted for more than one shift, the power supply of locomotive lines in non-working areas must be cut off. When repairing locomotive lines, the power supply must be cut off first and the lines must be grounded. The grounding point should be set in a visible part of the working area. 7.1.16 When using belt conveyors, the following regulations should be observed: a. The maximum slope of materials transported by belt conveyors should not be greater than 15° upward (lump ore) and not greater than 12° downward; the distance between the highest point of the belt conveyor and the top plate should not be less than 0.6m; the maximum external dimensions of the materials should not be greater than 350mm; b. It is prohibited for people to ride on unmanned belt conveyors; belt conveyors should not be used to transport materials and equipment that are too long; c. The minimum width of the conveyor belt should not be less than 2 times the maximum size of the material plus 200mmd. The belt safety factor of the belt conveyor should not be less than 8 when calculated according to the static load, and should not be less than 3 when calculated according to the dynamic load during starting and braking;
e. The roller diameter of the steel cord belt conveyor should be no less than 150 times the diameter of the wire rope and no less than 1000 times the diameter of the wire.
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