Some standard content:
ICS65.020.01
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T1214-2006
Technical Rules for Cucumber Seed Production
Rules for vegetable seed production of cucumber2006-12-06 Issued
2007-02-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are informative appendices, and Appendix C is a normative appendix. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Crop Seed Standardization Committee. NY/T1214—2006
Drafting units of this standard: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Ministry of Agriculture Crop Seed Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Jinan). The main drafters of this standard are: Liao Qin, Chen Yingzhi, Wang Xiurong, Zhang Meiying, Sun Xiaolei, Zhang Shoucai, Gu Xingfang 1
1 Scope
Technical regulations for cucumber seed breeding
This standard specifies the breeding procedures and methods for cucumber original seeds and field seeds. This standard applies to the breeding of conventional cucumber seeds and hybrid seeds. 2 Referenced standards
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The clauses in the following documents constitute the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard, however, the parties to the agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T3543.1~GB/T3543.7 Inspection procedures for crop seeds Packaging of major crop seeds
GB7414
5 Storage of major crop seeds
GB7415
GB8079
Terms and definitions
Vegetable seeds
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
breederseed
The first batch of seeds of a variety or hybrid parent line with stable genetic traits and consistent characteristics bred by breeders. 3.2
basic seed
The first to third generation propagated with breeders' seeds, or produced according to the basic seed production technical procedures and determined to meet the specified quality standards.
certified seed
field seed
seed from the first to third generation or hybrids of conventional seed, which have been confirmed to meet the specified quality standards. 3.4
gynoecious line
stable line with normal development of female organs, no male organs, and uniform traits. 4 Stock production
4.1 Stock production of conventional varieties
Stock production can be divided into two methods, one is direct breeding by breeders' seeds, and the other is the "three-system" method, namely single plant selection (plant selection), plant line selection (plant line surface), and mixed line (stock painting) breeding. 4.1.1 Single plant selection
4.1.1.1 Primary selection
The number of plants in the original population shall not be less than 300. When the plants first show female flowers, select single plants with the characteristics of the original variety and mark them with a sign.
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4.1.1.2 Pollination
On the afternoon of the day before the female and male flowers open, select the fully developed but unopened female and male flower buds on the primary selected single plants and place them on the ground. Clamp its corolla and do not let it open naturally. The next morning, when the male flowers begin to shed pollen, pick the male flowers, loosen the corolla of the female flowers, and evenly smear the pollen of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers on the same plant. Then clamp the corolla of the female flowers, and immediately hang a sign to mark the plant number and pollination time, and then remove all non-target female flowers on the plant. Generally, the second or third female flower is used for pollination. 4.1.1.3 Reselection
The preliminary selectors will conduct reselection when the melons on the individual plants have developed to commercial maturity, and eliminate the individual plants whose melon strips do not meet the characteristics of this variety, as well as the individual plants with slow melon strip development, low fruit setting rate, and serious diseases. 4.1.1.4 Final selection
The final selection will be conducted when the melons on the individual plants have developed to physiological maturity. Eliminate the melons whose color and net pattern do not meet the characteristics of this variety. Single plants with different characteristics, as well as single plants with poor development and death from various diseases. For varieties with more serious mixing, single plant selection can be carried out continuously for 2 to 3 generations. 4.1.2 Strain selection
Each strain group shall not be less than 30 plants.
4.1.2.1 Isolation
Different strains can be planted in an isolation area, using gauze isolation or artificial flower clip isolation. 4.1.2.2 Pollination
Use mixed pollination within the strain, the method is the same as 4.1.1.24.1.2.3 Strain selection
It is carried out during the maturity period of commercial melons, and strains with significant differences from the original variety are eliminated. The seed melons of the selected strains are harvested and mixed and stored as seeds for the original seed nursery next year
4.1.3 Mixed-line propagation
4.1.3. 1 Isolation
Plant the selected strains in a gauze shed or natural isolation area, with a natural isolation of no less than 2000m. 4.1.3.2 Pollination
In the natural isolation area, pollinate naturally, and use artificial or insect-assisted pollination in the net. 4.1.3.3 Weeding and inferiority removal
During the seedling stage, flowering stage, commercial melon maturity stage and before the melon is harvested, weeds, inferior plants and diseased plants should be eliminated in batches. 4.2 Inbred line production
4.2.1 Isolation
The isolation distance from other cucumber pollen sources is no less than 2000m, or isolation is carried out by gauze or other methods. 4.2.2 Pollination
Same as 4.1.3.2.
4.2.3 Weeding and inferiority removal
Same as 4.1.3.3.
4.3 Female line production
4.3.1 Isolation
Same as 4.2.1.
4.3.2 Chemical male induction
When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves or 3 leaves and 1 heart, spray 1/3 of the plants with 300ml/~400ml/L silver nitrate or silver thiosulfate solution, and spray again every 5 days.
4.3.3 Weed removal
From the seedling stage, remove the plants with premature male flowers and different plants at any time. 4.3.4 Pollination
Pollinate with male flower pollen on male induction plants
4.4 Seed collection
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Generally, the melons can be harvested when they reach physiological maturity about 45 days after pollination. After 5d~7d of ripening, select the melons on sunny days, take out the seeds and put them into non-metallic containers for fermentation. The suitable temperature for fermentation is 20℃~30℃ and the time is 12h~24h. After fermentation, rub them thoroughly and rinse them with clean water.
4.5 Seed drying
The rinsed seeds should be dried in time to avoid germination. When drying seeds, do not expose them directly on the cement floor to prevent burning the embryo and reduce the germination rate. The dried seeds are cleaned
4.6 Investigation records
The investigation records are shown in Appendix A. The inspection of the seed production field shall be recorded truthfully according to the requirements of Appendix B. 4.7 Seed quality
The quality of the seed field meets the requirements of Appendix C. Seed inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T3543.1~GB/T3543.7, and the quality shall meet the requirements of GB8079.
4.8 Seed packaging and storage
According to GB7414 "Packaging of seeds of major crops" and GB7415 (Storage of seeds of major crops), 5. Field seed production
5.1 Conventional seed production
5.1.1 Isolation
Different varieties can be isolated by gauze, and the natural separation is not less than 1500m5.1.2 Pollination
Same as 4.1.3.2.
5.2 First-generation hybrid production
5.2.1 Production of first-generation hybrids using inbred lines
5.2.1.1 Isolation
Same as 5.1.1.
5.2.1.2 Pollination
a) Net shed isolation seed propagation
Select the female and male flowers that are open and growing healthily on the same day in the isolation net shed, pick the male flowers of the male parent, fold their corollas back to fully expose the anthers, smear the anthers of the carved flowers on the stigma of the carved flowers, and then make a pollination mark. Pollinate 4 to 6 carved flowers on each mother plant to ensure that 2 to 4 melons are left.
b) Natural isolation seed propagation
The day before the female and male flowers open, select the male flower buds that are fully developed but not yet open, clamp their corollas, and do not let them open naturally. The next morning, pick the male flowers of the male parent, loosen the corollas of the female flowers of the female parent, smear the anthers of the male flowers on the stigma of the female flowers, clamp the corollas of the female flowers, and then make a pollination mark, and then remove all the non-target pollination female flowers on the plant. Generally, pollination starts from the second or third female flower, and each plant pollinates 3 to 5 female flowers.
5.2.2 Using female lines to produce first-generation hybrids
5.2.2.1 Isolation
Natural isolation Gauze isolation of more than 1500m Same as 5.1.13
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5.2.2.2 Removal of non-female plants
Before flowering, check and remove non-female plants with male flowers in the mother plant. 5.2.2.3 Pollination
In a natural isolation area with sufficient bee sources, bees naturally pollinate. To increase yield, it is best to use artificial assisted pollination. 5.2.3 Treatment of pollen contamination
In the isolation area, if the number of pollen-scattering hybrid plants in the text area exceeds 0.5% of the total number of text plants, the seed production field will be scrapped. 5.2.4 Removal of male parent
To ensure the quality of seed production, all male parent plants shall be removed after pollination. 5.2.5 Removal of impurities and inferior plants
5.2.5.1 Removal of impurities
Removal of impurities shall be carried out at least three times during the growth period. Before flowering, according to the typical characteristics of seedling leaf color, leaf shape, internode length, first carved node, growth, etc., remove the plants in the parental line that do not meet the characteristics of the parental line of this variety. During the commercial maturity and physiological maturity of seed melons, according to the characteristics, color and net pattern of seed melons, remove the plants in the maternal area that do not meet the characteristics of the parental line of this variety. 5.2.5.2 Removal of inferior plants
In the maternal area, remove diseased, weak and inferior plants at any time. 5.3 Seed collection and drying
The method is the same as 4.4 and 4.5.
5.4 Investigation and record
The same as 4.6.
5.5 Seed quality
Same as 4.7.
5.6 Seed packaging and storage
Same as 4.8.
6 Cultivation and management of breeding fields
6.1 Land selection
Select loam or sandy loam with loose soil texture, rich in organic matter, and convenient drainage and irrigation for cucumber breeding fields. 6.2 Cultivation season
Varieties cultivated in different seasons should reproduce seeds in the corresponding seasons. Varieties cultivated overwintering in solar greenhouses should be sown or planted in arched greenhouses in early spring; spring cucumbers should be sown or planted after the end of late frost; summer and autumn cucumbers can be sown from May to July. 6.3 Land preparation and fertilization
Land preparation should be done 10 to 15 days before planting. Deep trenches and high walls are used in the rainy areas in the south, and small high walls can be used in the north. 70% of the total fertilizer requirement of cucumber should be applied as basal fertilizer, which is mainly composed of decomposed organic fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added. 6.4 Cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age
6.4.1 Seedling period
Early spring or spring seedling breeding, the seedling period can be advanced by 30d35d according to the planting period, and seedlings should be raised in protected areas. For hybrid seed production fields with a large difference in flowering period, the parents should be sown at different times. Generally, the male parent is sown 7d to 10d earlier than the female parent. 6.4.2 Seed soaking
Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 50℃~55℃ and stir continuously. When the water temperature drops to 30℃, soak for 2h~3h, remove and wash, then wrap with a clean wet cloth, place at 28℃~30℃ for germination, and sow when more than 70% of the germination occurs after 1d~2d. 6.4.3 Planting
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Sow the germinated seeds in the watered nutrient pots, 1 seed per pot, cover with 1cm of soil after sowing, and cover the bed with mulch. 6.4.4 Seedling Management
The focus of the seedling stage is to control the temperature and humidity. The temperature is slightly high before the emergence of the seedlings, and the temperature should be lowered after the emergence of the seedlings to prevent leggy growth. The humidity in the shed is too high, so water should be controlled and ventilation should be carried out in time. Standards for strong seedlings: two-leaf or three-leaf one-heart seedlings with intact cotyledons, thick and dark green leaves, thick stems, no leggy growth, and intact root systems.
6.5 Planting
Planting should be carried out on a sunny morning. First, dig a ditch on the ridge, water along the ditch, plant the seedlings before the water seeps down, and seal the ditch after the water seeps in. Level the ridge surface and cover with mulch. Planting density is 4500 to 5500 plants per 666.7m. For hybrid seed production, the cross mother is planted in different areas according to the area ratio. The appropriate ratio is determined according to the variety characteristics and seed production method, which is generally 1:3 to 5. 6.6 Management after planting
6.6.1 Before fruiting
4d to 5d after planting, water is irrigated under the film in the ditch between the two small bases. Set up a support before the plant stretches, and guide and tie the vines in time after stretching. Before fruiting, watering should be controlled, and inter-cultivation should be coordinated to prevent excessive growth. 6.6.2 Fruiting period
After fruiting, timely topdressing and watering can be applied. A mixture of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea can be used to assist foliar topdressing. In the middle and late stages of fruiting, old, yellow and diseased leaves on the lower part of the plant are removed, and additional topdressing and watering are added to prevent premature aging of the plant. 6.6.3 Disease and Pest Control
Pay attention to the control of cucumber diseases such as downy mildew, gray mold, blight, and pests such as aphids and American leafminers. 5
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A1 Phenological period
A1.1 Sowing period
The date of sowing (expressed in day/month, the same below). A1.2 Seedling emergence period
Appendix A
【Informative Appendix】
Survey records of cucumber seed production
The period when the cotyledons are exposed to the ground for more than 50%. A1.3 Planting period
The period when seedlings that meet the standards (two leaves and one heart to three leaves and one heart) are transplanted to the breeding field. A1.4 Flowering period
The period when more than 30% of the female flowers of the plants in the breeding field are in bloom. A1.5 First harvest period
The period when 30% of the plants start to be harvested
A1.6 Growth period (days)
The number of days from sowing to the start of harvesting. A2
Botanical characteristics
A2.1 Growth habit
Divided into creeping and dwarf.
A2.2 Branching
Divided into no branching, weak branching, and strong branching.
A2.3 Leaf shape
Divided into five types: nearly triangular, palmate, star-shaped pentagonal, heart-shaped pentagonal, and nearly round. A2.4 Leaf color
Divided into dark green, dark green, green, light green, and yellow-green. A2.5 The first female flower node
Investigate the first female flower node that appears on the main vine within 10 days after the first flowering period. Sampling was conducted at 3 points, 10 plants were surveyed at each point, the average of each point was calculated, and the total average was taken as the characteristic value. A2.6 Sex type
According to the percentage of female flower nodes on the plant, it is divided into: female plants (100% of the plants are female flower nodes), strong female plants (70% or more of the plants are female flower nodes), and monoecious plants (70% of the female flower nodes are small hands). A2.7 Melon habit
Mostly the main vine bears melons, mainly the side vine bears melons, and the main and side vines bear melons at the same time. A2.8 Melon shape
Spherical, oval, spindle-shaped, short cylindrical, cylindrical, rod-shaped, serpentine6
A2.9 Melon color
Investigate when the melon strips develop to commercial maturity, and divide into dark green, dark green, green, light green, yellow-green, semi-white, yellow-white and white. A2.10 Prickles
When the melon strips develop to commercial maturity, they are divided into four categories: dense thorns, medium thorns, few thorns and no thorns. A2.11 Melon net pattern
There are four categories: no, sparse, medium and dense.
A2.12 Melon color
There are five types: white, yellow, green, reddish brown and dark brown. A2.13 Shape
There are three types: oblong, elliptical and oval.
A2.14 Seed fullness
There are three types: "1\full", "2\half full", and "3\. A2.15 Thousand-grain weight
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Seeds are dried in the sun (water content is not higher than 8.0%). Randomly select two batches of 1,000 seeds, weigh them separately, and take the average value, which is expressed in terms of area. If the error between two repetitions exceeds 1g, count and weigh 1,000 seeds again. A3 Biology Characteristics
A3.1 Growth potential
Based on the robustness of plant growth, the survey is conducted before, during and after pollination, and is divided into three levels: strong (+10), medium (+), and weak (1). A3.2 Uniformity of melon strips
It is divided into three levels: uniform (+) (mixed plant rate <5%): medium (+) (mixed plant rate ≥15% ≥5%): irregular (1) (mixed plant rate >15%). A3.3 Stress resistance
A3.3.1 Tolerance to low temperature and weak light
Strong (fruit setting is relatively normal under low temperature and weak light conditions): Weak (fruit setting rate is low under the above conditions) A3.3.2 Heat resistance
Strong (can grow and bear fruit normally when sown in summer): Weak (cannot grow and bear fruit normally when sown in summer) A3.3.3 Disease resistance
A3.3.3.1 Fusarium wilt
Survey the number of diseased plants 15 days before transplanting the seedlings, and calculate the diseased plant rate according to formula (1): W=
Where:
Diseased plant rate, %:
Number of diseased plants:
M——Total number of plants surveyed.
A3.3.3.2 Leaf diseases
Investigate at the peak of harvest, sample at five points, randomly select 20 plants at each point, calculate the diseased plant rate (calculation method is the same as A3.3.3.1) and disease index according to formula (2):
E(rxn)
Where:
Disease index:
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> and;
r——disease level;
2—number of diseased plants at this level;
N—total number of investigated plants;
R—highest disease level.
Grade standard for leaf disease:
Grade 0: No lesions
Grade 1: The area of lesions does not exceed 1/10 of the leaf area
Grade 2: The area of lesions accounts for 1/10-1/4 of the leaf area
Grade 3: The area of lesions accounts for 1/4~1/2 of the leaf area bZxz.net
Grade 4: The area of lesions accounts for 1/2~3/4 of the leaf area
No.:
Production unit:
Name of variety (combination):
Isolation situation: || tt||Planting ratio of female parent:
Inspection time, day/month
Number of female parent plants
First generation hybrid
Mongolian seed field
Conventional seed
Inbred line
Breeding seed field
Number of male parent hybrid plants
Male parent hybrid plants
Number of loose pollen plants
Number of hybrid plants
Number of suspicious plants
Manager
Inspector
Appendix B
(Informative attachment)||tt ||Field management files of cucumber seed production field
Name of householder:
Plot:
Planting density:
Date of pollination start:
Number of weed removal
First time
Second time
Third time
Area:
Building/667.m
Yield:
Fourth time
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kg/ham?
Percentage
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Conventional seeds, inbred lines
Steamed seed fields
Hybrid first-generation seed fields
Field seeds
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Field quality requirements for cucumber seed production fields
Number of hybrids in the mother parent
The cumulative number shall not exceed
the
percentage of the total number of mother parents
Note: Hybrids refer to plants that appear in the contemporary generation and do not conform to the typical traits. 10
The cumulative number of impure plants in the male parent
is not greater than
the total number of the male parent
The cumulative number of impure plants in the male parent
is not greater than
the total number of the male parent
Percentage
The unit is percentage, %
The cumulative impure plants
is not greater than
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