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Chemical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
HG2173-91
Silver-gel microfilm negative
Published on November 18, 1991
Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on the standard network omw.bsone.cm1992-05-01
Chemical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Silver-gel microfilm negative
Subject content and scope of application
HG2173--91
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and packaging, marking, storage and transportation requirements of silver-gel microfilm negative.
This standard is applicable to silver-gel microfilm negative used for general microfilming such as engineering drawings, books and newspapers, intelligence materials, documents and archives, tickets and receipts, and can also be used for full-color silver-gel microfilm negative for archival preservation. Cited standards
3 Method for determining the melting point of photosensitive material coating
GB6843
GB6847, Method for determining the curl of film
GB7519
GB9045
GB9860
GB9861
GB10558
GB11500
GB11501
GB12683||t t||Determination of thiosulfate residue in microfilm after processing Method for determining the resolution of photosensitive materials
Method for determining the water absorption of photosensitive materials
Method for determining the scratch resistance of photosensitive films during processing Method for determining the root mean square granularity of photosensitive materials Geometric conditions for transmission density measurement
Optical density condensation spectrum conditions
Method for determining the tensile properties of film base and film ZBG80004
HG7--1350| |tt||3 Product classification
Determination method of adhesion fastness of film base layer
Movie film size
Methylene blue photometry
Silver-gel type microfilm negative films specified in this standard are divided into two categories according to the support: cellulose triacetate film base and polyester film base, and are divided into two categories according to specifications: roll film and flat film. Technical requirements
Photographic performance and physical properties
Photographic performance and physical properties should meet the indicators specified in Table 1 , Table 1
Gray fog density De
Average slope G
Sensitivity S
1991-11-18 approved by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China
High resolution product Medium resolution product Low resolution product 0.06
1992-05-01 implementation
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Maximum density D mx
Minimum density Dmi
Resolution RP, c/mm
Root mean square particle size
Melting point of emulsion layer, ℃
Water absorption, %
Coating fastness
Dry fastness
Wet fastness
Anti-scratch of emulsion layer during washing processNCurl
Thiosulfate residue (in terms of S0), g/mFree acidity, ml/g
Free Acidity increase, mi/g
Long-term storage film
Image stability
Archival film
Image layer deformation test
Adhesion test
Wet cycle test
Tensile strength at break, MPa
Elongation at break, %
Tensile strength at break aging loss, %
Elongation at break aging loss, %
HG2173-91
Continued Table 1
Triacetate film base
Polyester film base
Dmin aging
DI.2 aging\Dm thermalization
Triacetate film base
Polyester film base
Triester film base
Polyester film base
Triester film base
Polyester film base
Triester film base
Polyester film base
High-resolution productsMedium-resolution productsLow-resolution products 2.2
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4.2 Film size
4.2.1 Film roll
The width of the film roll and the thickness of the film base shall comply with the provisions of Table 2, the width
nominal value
HG217391
cutting value
15.95±0.03
and the length shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.
Nominal value
34.98-0.8
104.880.83
4.2.2 Flat film
The size of the flat film and the thickness of the film base shall comply with the provisions of Table 4. Table 4
Film size
Nominal value
105×148
4.2.3 Other cutting specifications
Agreed by the supply and demand parties,
4.2.4 Film punching
Execute HG7— 1350,
cutting value
film thickness
triacetate film base 0.135
polyester film base 0.100 or 0.063
triacetate film base 0.135
ester film base
triacetate film base 0.135
polyester film base 0.100
cutting value
305.0%3.0
610.0f5.0
105. 00~.75×148. 0~1.0
Standard connection net cm.b28080.ccammm
Thickness of film base
4.2.5 Identification mark of photosensitive surface of flat film
HG2173-91
Hold the raw film, make the long side stand upright, and the photosensitive side faces the operator, and cut the upper right corner as the mark. The nominal size of the cut corner is as follows: 6mm along the long side of the microfilm, 9mm along the short side, 4.3 Other performance
4.3.1 Appearance quality of raw film
The film should be clean and non-sticky, and the perforations and edges should be smooth, without burrs, no emulsion layer delamination, no obvious drawing, streaks, bubbles, sand holes and scratches.
4.3.2 Quality of Transparent Film
After normal washing without exposure, the emulsion layer of the film should not bubble or fall off, and should not have defects such as spots. 4.3.3 Gray Film Quality
Gray films printed with films should be free of defects such as streaks, brushing, scars, frosting and obvious density unevenness. 4.4 Warranty Period
The warranty period of films is 3 years from the date of leaving the factory and stored under the storage conditions specified in this standard. 5 Test Methods
5.1 General Photographic Performance Determination
5.1.1 Test Environment Conditions and Sample Conditioning
The test should be carried out in an environment with a temperature of 23±2℃ and a relative humidity of (50±5)%. The test samples should be sampled and exposed after reaching equilibrium under the specified conditions
5.1.2 Sampling
After removing 1.5m from the head or tail of the roll film, randomly select two segments slightly longer than the optical mode as test films. For flat films, randomly select a piece and cut 35mm in the direction parallel to the long side. The wide strip is the test piece. 5.1.3 Safety light
To avoid the possible influence of safety light illumination on film sensitivity measurement, all operations in the film sensitivity measurement and processing process should be carried out in total darkness
5.1.4 Dawn
5.1.4.1 Sensitometer
The sensitometer adopts the dimming type. The standard light mode of the light modulator of the sensitometer is a continuous gradient or stepped neutral gray wedge. In the wavelength range of 400-700nm, the change of its spectral immersion density is not more than 5% of the average density, or the change range of spectral diffuse density is not more than 0.03: in the wavelength range of 360-400nm, the corresponding requirements are not more than 10% or 0.06. For the continuous gradient light modulator, the change of optical density per centimeter length should be no more than 0.20. The optical density difference between adjacent levels of the stepped wedge should not be greater than 0.15, and the width of each level should not be less than 5mm.
This standard recommends the use of a 21-level stepped neutral gray light model with a step difference of V2 times, and the 11th level of the flash light is adjusted to 0.441x·s.5.1.4.2 Color temperature of the light source of the photosensitive instrument
The light source of the photosensitive instrument adopts an incandescent tungsten filament lamp with a color temperature of 2856K. 5.1.4.3 Transient time
The transient time is selected between 1/50s1/5s. bZxz.net
5.1.4.4 Filter
The sensitivity is specified without a filter, and no filter is added during exposure. 5.1.5 Washing
The exposed specimens should be stored at 23±2℃ and relative humidity (50±5)% before washing. Washing should be completed within 3~3.5h after exposure, and fresh solution should be used to wash the samples. This standard recommends the use of microfilm washing kit Kodak PROSTAR and Kodak Star-type washing machine for washing. Washing steps
Drying about
HG2173—91
Time,
Temperature,℃
38.0±0.2
The manufacturer can also recommend washing kits, processes and equipment, but the recommended conditions should meet the user's requirements. 5.1.6 Density measurement and curve drawing
The standard visual optical density of the developed test piece is measured by a densitometer that complies with GB11500 and GB11501. The minimum aperture area of the densitometer is 7mm2, and the density measurement should be carried out in an area at least 1mm away from the edge of the exposure area. The photosensitive characteristic curve is drawn with the density value as the ordinate and the logarithm of the exposure as the abscissa, as shown in the following figure: 1.0
Schematic diagram of photosensitive characteristic curve
5.1.7 Obtaining the value of photographic performance index
5.1.7.1 Fog density
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HG2173-91
The film density of the unexposed test piece after being developed under the specified conditions minus the film density of the original film after direct fixing, washing and drying. 5.1.7.2 Average slope
The average slope G is calculated according to formula (1):
G=1.20-0.10
IgH-IgHigH.-IgH
The throat light corresponding to point m on the characteristic curve at the minimum density plus 1.2 density, Ix·s; where: H.-
H. —The exposure corresponding to point n on the characteristic curve at the minimum density plus 0.1 density, 1x·s. (1)
The average slope can also be directly found from the average slope table (see Appendix A Table A1) from the (lgH-IgH) value, which is based on the calculated value and is properly filed.
This standard uses the table lookup method to obtain
The average slope value should be preceded by the capital letter G, for example: G1.6.5.1.7.3 Sensitivity
Sensitivity is calculated according to formula (2)
Where: S-
-sensitivity;
The exposure disk corresponding to point m at the minimum density plus 1.2 density on the characteristic curve, x: s.Ha
Sensitivity can also be directly found from the sensitivity table (see Table A2 in Appendix A). The table is based on the calculated value and is properly archived.
This standard uses the table lookup method to obtain
Sensitivity values should be preceded by the capital letter M, for example: M64.5.1.7.4 Maximum density
The density corresponding to the highest point on the characteristic curve. Including image density and non-image density such as base density, fog density, anti-halation and anti-light bleeding dye residual color density.
5.1.7.5 Minimum density
The lowest point density on the characteristic curve includes base density, fog density, anti-halation and anti-light bleeding dye residual color density, etc. 5.2 Determination of resolution
According to GB9045
5.3 Determination of root mean square granularity
According to GB10558.
5.4 Determination of melting point of emulsion layer
According to GB6843
5.5 Determination of water absorption of film
According to GB9860.
5.6 Determination of coating fastness
According to ZBG80004.
5.7 The determination of the scratch resistance of the emulsion layer during the washing process shall be carried out in accordance with GB9861.
5.8 The determination of the curl
shall be carried out in accordance with GB6847.
5.9 The determination of the thiosulfate residue in the film after washing shall be carried out in accordance with GB7519.
5.10 Determination of free acidity of film after washing 5.10.1 Determination of free acidity of triacetate film HG2173-91
Weigh two triacetate sample films that have not been aged, washed and have the same silver density, scrape off the coating, each piece is about 1g (accurate to 0.001g). Cut them into pieces and put them into a 250mL conical flask. Add about 80mL of dichloromethane and then gradually add 40mL of ethanol. Shake to dissolve. Add a few drops of cresol red indicator solution (1g/L) and titrate the mixture with sodium hydroxide standard titration solution [c(NaOH) 0.1moi/L] until the mixture turns purple-red. At the same time, do a blank test.
Free acidity × is calculated according to formula (3)
Where: V is the volume of sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed when titrating the sample, mL; V. Volume of sodium hydroxide standard titration solution consumed when titrating the blank, mL; G--sample weight, g.
Take the average of the two determination results as the result. 5.10.2 Free acidity of polyester film base (3)
Weigh two polyester film base samples that have not been aged, washed and have the same silver density, scrape off the coating, each piece is about 1g (accurate to 0.001g). Cut them into pieces, put them in a 250mL conical flask, add 15mL benzyl alcohol, heat to 200℃ and keep for 90s to dissolve, add about 80mL chloroform after cooling, add 80mL ethanol to dilute, add a few drops of cresol red indicator solution (1g/L), titrate the mixture with sodium hydroxide standard titration solution [c(NaOH)=0.1mol/L) until the mixture turns purple-red, and do a blank test at the same time. The free acidity is calculated according to formula (3). The average of the two determination results is taken as the result. 5.11 Determination of the acidity increment of the film after washing The acidity increment refers to the increase in free acidity caused by the decomposition of the film base material (cellulose ester or polyester) during the heating and aging process of the sample film. 5.11.1 Sample aging
The processed film is scraped off the coating and balanced at a temperature of 21℃ and a relative humidity of 50%. Weigh two pieces, each about 1~2g (accurate to 0.01g) and put them into a moisture-proof bag. Try to expel air and heat-seal it. Put it in an aging box and age it at 100±2℃ for 72h.
5.11.2 Determination of acid increment
Determine the free acid content of aged triacetate film or polyester film according to the method in 5.10.1 or 5.10.2, calculate the free acid value of the aged film sample, and the difference between the free acid value and the determination result in 5.10.1 or 5.10.2 is the acid increment of the sample.
5.12 Determination of image stability
5.12.1 Sample preparation
Select a photosensitive film or other processed film for photosensitization, and use a densitometer that meets the requirements of 5.1.6 to measure the density of the two areas with an image density range of 1.2±0.1 and the minimum density. Mark the measurement area and write down the measured density values, which are recorded as D1.2 without aging and Dmin without aging respectively.
5.12.2 Sample aging
Fix the selected samples on the film rack and place them in the aging box. Allow the samples to freely contact the surrounding air. The aging conditions are as follows: temperature 60±2℃, relative humidity (60±2)%. The long-term storage films are aged for 14 days, and the archival films are aged for 30 days. 5.12.3 Determination and calculation
Standard manufacturing investment search network.wm.baboeo.com Various standards and industry materials charging charges. The two aged samples are re-measured with a densitometer at the original measurement point, which are recorded as D1.2aging and Dmiaging respectively. The image stability of the long-term storage films is expressed by the minimum density after aging Daging and the density difference between Di.2 area and Dm area after aging, that is, D1.2aging minus Dminaging. The image stability of the archival films is expressed by the density changes before and after aging in D1.2 area and Dmi area, that is, ADi.2 and ADmm respectively. Among them,
AD1.2=D1.2 unaged-D1.2 aged
ADmi=Dmiz aged-Dmie unaged
5.13 Determination of tensile properties of film base
5.13.1 Sample preparation
According to the provisions of GB12683, 10 film base samples with a width of 15.0±0.1mm and a length of 150mm are cut, of which 5 are unaged and 5 are aged alternately. The aging method is carried out according to the provisions of Article 5.11.1. 5.13.2 Determination
The specified fixture spacing for triacetate film products is 100mm, and for polyester film products is 50mm. The test speed is 50mm/min. The measurement is carried out in accordance with GB12683, and the tensile strength at break and the elongation at break of each aged sample and non-aged sample are recorded. The aging loss of tensile strength at break is calculated by formula (6): pt
Pnon-aging
Pnon-aging
Wherein: P-tensile strength at break aging loss; "Pnon-aging"
Paging
×100%
Tensile strength at break of a sample before aging, MPa; Tensile strength at break of a sample after aging, MPa. The aging loss of elongation at break is calculated by formula ( 7) Calculation: E
Eunaging-Eaging
Eunaging
Where: E\Elongation at break aging loss, %: Eunaging-
Eaging-
Elongation at break of sample before aging, %;
Elongation at break of sample after aging, %,
×100%
The tensile strength at break, elongation at break, aging loss of tensile strength at break, and aging loss of elongation at break are all taken as the average values of five groups of samples.
5.14 Image layer deformation test
5.14.1 Sample preparation
Select two processed films of appropriate size containing grid patterns or printed data images as test samples. 5.14.2 Sample aging
The samples are aged according to the conditions of 5.11.1. 5.14.3 Inspection
Visually compare the aged samples with the unaged samples. The images on the aged samples should not be deformed. 5.15 Adhesion test of developed films
Take at least 5 samples of approximately 5 cm2. The size of the developed films is roughly the same. Place them in a laboratory glass dryer with an environmental condition of 40±2°C and a relative humidity of (60±2)%. Allow them to freely contact the surrounding air. Then, place the dryer in a forced air circulation box at 40±8
Standard heat network: ww.br808o.com.HG2173-91
2°C for at least 15 minutes to adjust the film balance. Put a saturated sodium nitrite at the bottom of the dryer. and solution to control the required relative astringency of (60±2)%. The state should be noted. The dryer should be placed at a temperature of 100℃ for at least 20 hours before use. The saturated solution should still contain undissolved sodium nitrite. The solid should not be exposed to the surface of the solution to ensure that the dissolution equilibrium is achieved. After the film is adjusted to equilibrium, the dryer and the amine film are removed from the oven. The samples are not removed from the dryer, but they are overlapped in the dryer so that the emulsion surface of one sample is close to the back of another sample. A uniform pressure of 35KPa is applied to them in the following way: a suitable weight is placed on the weighed sample, and the size of the weight should be slightly larger than the entire surface of the sample. The dryer with the sample and the weight is returned to the forced air oven and placed at 40℃ for 3 days. Finally, the films are removed from the oven, and after cooling, they are separated one by one to check whether there is any adhesion. The samples should not have adhesion, delamination or surface damage. However, slight adhesion that does not impair the physical properties of the film or seriously change the surface gloss of the film is allowed.
5.16 Wet cycle test of processed film Cut two samples with an area of 5 cm2 from the high-density area of the processed film, place the samples on a sample rack so that they can freely contact the surrounding air, and then put the samples and the sample rack into a laboratory glass desiccator. The desiccator is placed in a forced air circulation oven maintained at 50±2℃ for 8 hours. The relative humidity in the desiccator is maintained at (96±2)%, for this purpose, a saturated potassium sulfate aqueous solution is placed at the bottom of the desiccator. After 8 hours, the sample rack is transferred to another desiccator in the same oven and placed for 16 hours. The second desiccator should maintain a relative humidity of (11±2)%, for this purpose, a saturated lithium chloride aqueous solution is placed at the bottom of the desiccator. Pay attention to the precautions in 5.15 to ensure the required humidity. Such high humidity for 8 hours and low humidity for 16 hours constitute a cycle. The film should be subjected to 12 humidity cycles and then removed from the sample rack. Check it with a magnification and lighting conditions similar to those in actual film use. The emulsion layer or back coating should not have delamination, scaly wrinkles or cracks that hinder the use of the film. 5.17 Determination of cutting and punching size
Carry out according to the method specified in HG7-1350.
5.18 Others Inspection of performance in use
5.18.1 Inspection of apparent quality of raw film
From an unopened film roll, remove the film header of 1.5m, take 0.3m, and randomly draw a piece of flat film for self-inspection under white light. The result should comply with the provisions of Article 4.3.1.
5.18.2 Inspection of transparent film quality
From an unopened film roll, remove the film header of 1.5m, take 0.3m, and randomly draw a piece of flat film as a test piece. Without exposure, directly develop a transparent film. Its quality should comply with the provisions of Article 4.3.2. 5.18.3 Inspection of gray film quality
From an unopened film roll, remove the film header of 1.5m, take 1m, and randomly draw a piece of flat film as a test piece. Expose it evenly and moderately, develop it to a density of 0.9~1.0, and visually inspect the gray film. Its quality should comply with the provisions of Article 4.3.3. 6 Inspection rules
6.1 Factory inspection
Factory inspection shall be carried out according to Table 6,
Inspection items
Fog density D.
Average slope 6
Sensitivity S
Inspection batch
Each production batch is a batch
Standard exchange network wmcbz808o, ccmInspection frequency
Once per axis
Inspection items
Maximum density Dmx
Minimum density Dwia
Resolution RP
Emulsion layer melting point
Water absorption
Coating fastness
Scratch resistance
Curl
Geometric dimensions
Other performance
6.2 Type inspection Inspection
HG2173-91
Continued Table 6
Inspection batch
Each production batch is -batch
Each emulsion formula number is a batch
Each equipment, each shift product is a batch
Each emulsion number is a batch
This product should be type-tested when any of the following conditions occur: When there are major changes in product structure, raw materials, or processes; a.
When production is resumed after a long period of suspension; b.
After long-term normal production, periodic inspection should be carried out; C
d. When there is a significant difference between the factory inspection result and the last type inspection result. Type inspection items include all items included in 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. 6.3 Quality Assurance Clauses
Inspection frequency
Measure once for each axle
Measure once for each batch
Measure once for each batch
Measure once for each coating production shift
Users can conduct random inspections on the received films according to the items and inspection methods specified in this standard. Films with the same emulsion number are considered as one batch, and 3 rolls (boxes) of each batch are inspected. If any item index is unqualified in the inspection results, double sampling will be carried out and the unqualified items will be re-inspected. After the re-inspection, if the same item index fails for more than 2 times in total, the batch of films will be judged as unqualified. Films that have been accepted by the using department can be returned for replacement according to the actual consumption of films under normal transportation, storage and use conditions within the warranty period if there are indeed manufacturing quality problems in the films after verification. 7 Packaging and marking
7.1 The film is wound on a special light-proof disc with the emulsion layer facing inward, and the end of the film is sealed with neutral black paper. Then it is placed in a metal box or plastic box and sealed with tape. The metal box or plastic box should be affixed or printed with an index label for user registration. The index label is printed with the title date, box number and date and the corresponding reserved columns. The metal box is placed in a hard paper outer packaging box and sealed with tape. The plastic box is placed in a soft plastic outer packaging bag and heat-sealed.
The outer packaging hard paper box or soft plastic bag should be printed or affixed with a packaging label. 7.2 The emulsion surface of the flat film is in the same direction, without lining paper in the middle, and 25 sheets are sandwiched between loose-leaf cardboard, placed in a tin foil plastic light-proof soft packaging paper bag, heat-sealed, and every 4 bags are placed in an outer packaging black hard paper box and sealed with tape. The outer packaging carton is printed or affixed with a packaging label.
7.3 The packaging label should indicate the following: product name, quality grade, specification, model, emulsion number or shaft number, warranty period, manufacturer, etc. and words such as "unsealed in darkroom". 7.4. The outer packaging box of the roll or flat film is packed in a special transport packaging wooden box or carton before leaving the factory. The transport packaging box should be marked with words such as "Handle with care", "Moisture-proof and Sun-proof", and "Radiation-proof".
8 Storage and transportation
8.1 The film shall not be exposed to sunlight, rain, severe vibration, high temperature heat source and radioactive substances during transportation.&2 The storage of film shall meet the following conditions
&.2.1 The film shall be stored below 21°C and relative humidity below 65%. 8.2.2 The film shall be placed upright (the coated surface shall be perpendicular to the ground), not less than 15cm from the ground, with good ventilation, and shall not be exposed to direct sunlight.
It shall not be exposed to harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and radioactive substances. 8.2.3
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