Specifications for digitising of 1:500、1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps
Some standard content:
GB/T17160—1997
This standard is formulated for the first time in China. The technical content of the standard is based on the technical methods and technical levels that can be adopted for the digitization of topographic maps in my country at the current stage and in the future, and is determined with reference to the technical requirements for the digitization of topographic maps by relevant foreign and domestic departments.
Appendix A of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard is proposed and managed by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The drafting unit of this standard is the Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Kun, Zhao Libin, Jia Guangye, Ma Quangui. This standard is entrusted to the Institute of Surveying and Mapping Standardization of the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation for interpretation. 517
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specifications for digitising of 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps
Specifications for digitising of 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps GB/T17160—1997
This standard specifies the methods and requirements for obtaining topographic map data by means of hand-held tracking or graphic scanning, using 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps as information sources.
The topographic map data obtained according to this standard can be used to establish a surveying and mapping database of the corresponding scale or provide basic information for the geographic information system. The digitisation of other types of maps of the corresponding scale can be implemented as a reference. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T7929-19951:5001:10001:2000 Topographic map format GB14804-9315001:10001=2000 Classification and code of topographic map elements 3 Terminology
3.1 Working base map Topographic map used for digitization.
3.2 Check map
A map used to check the content and accuracy of digitization after the edited topographic map data is output by a plotter according to the format specifications during the topographic map digitization process.
4 Professional equipment requirements
4.1 Handheld tracking digitizer
The format of the handheld tracking digitizer can be determined according to the size of the digitized drawing, and the format of A1 (841mm×597mm) is generally selected. The resolution of the digitizer is not less than 394 lines per cm, and the accuracy is not less than 0.127mm. The corresponding digitizer can also be selected according to the specific accuracy requirements of digitization.
4.2 Scanner
A flatbed or roller scanner can be selected, and its resolution should meet the accuracy requirements of 8.2.4.1, generally not less than 157 dots per cm. 4.3 Plotter
The plotter used for checking the output of the drawing shall meet the following requirements: a) The dynamic error shall not exceed 0.1mm;
b) The single stroke repetition error shall not exceed 0.05mm; Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on December 16, 1997 518
Implementation on August 1, 1998
GB/T 17160-1997
c) The effective drawing area shall not be less than 841mm×597mm (A1 format). 4.4 Digitalization software
4.4.1 Software usage environment
Digitization software shall run under a general operating system and network system, and facilitate communication with general digitizers, scanners, and plotters.
4.4.2 Data acquisition software
4.4.2.1 The hand-held tracking data acquisition software should have the following functions: a) Flexible and convenient input methods for classification codes and attribute codes; b) Poor comparison and over-limit prompts for repeated positioning of the working base map; c) Ability to perform affine transformation on the collected data as required; d) At least two input methods, point mode and stream mode; e) Editing functions for the current target, such as deletion, movement, extension, connection, etc. 4.4.2.2 The scanning data acquisition software should have the following functions: a) Correction of drawing deformation and correction of scanning mechanical errors; b) Flexible and convenient input methods for classification codes and attribute codes; c) Image editing function;
d) Editing function for the current target;
e) Binarization, refinement and vectorization.
4.4.3 Editing and processing software
The editing and processing software should have the following basic functions: a) Graphics editing function
1) It can display graphics and store screen images, and can open windows to zoom in, zoom out, and search; 2) It can form the search results into a subfile of the original graphic data file, and add or delete graphic entities; 3) It can edit and modify graphics by translation, rotation, copy, split, connection, and stretching; 4) It can edit and modify digital and text annotations accordingly; 5) It can join the edges of the map sheets.
b) It can establish the location information of elements and the topological relationship between elements. c) Map projection transformation.
4.4.4 Results output software
4.4.4.1 Graphic output software
Graphic output software should have the following functions: a) Selection of drawing equipment, including the selection of plotters and drivers of different plotters, communication protocols, drawing coordinate conversion and drawing size registration, etc.;
b) Selection of drawing content, which can be used for single-element or multi-element graphic output; c) Selection of output format, which can be output through a display or plotter; d) Graphic symbol development and Chinese character processing, which can output maps that meet quality requirements using the developed graphic symbol library; e) Selection of symbols and colors;
f) Decoration of map outlines.
4.4.4.2 Data output software
a) It should be able to convert the collected data into a standard format promulgated by the state; b) It should be able to output statistical data on the survey area and operation conditions. 519
5Quality requirements for working base map
GB/T 17160--1997
a) The working base map should generally be a polyester film map, and its deformation should be less than 0.2%. If a paper map is used, the accuracy can be appropriately relaxed according to user needs, but the deformation must be evenly drawn, and the corresponding accuracy requirements should be met after affine transformation. b) The accuracy requirements for working base map are as follows:
Map outline point position error ≤0.15mm
Map side length error ≤0.2mm
Map outline diagonal error ≤o.3mm
km grid point spacing error ≤0.2mm
c) The elements such as landforms, landforms, water systems, and vegetation on the working base map should be clearly and correctly represented. d) The working base map should use the latest version of the topographic map as much as possible. 6 Data stratification requirements
The collected topographic map data should be stratified according to the classification requirements of GB14804 and refer to Table 1. In order to facilitate data collection operations, the stratification situation can be marked on the pre-processing map as needed. Table 1 Topographic map data layering
Square network, inner outline and survey control points
Residential areas and fences (surface)
Residential areas and fences (points, lines)
Industrial and mining buildings (structures) and other facilities (surface)Industrial and mining buildings (structures) and other facilities (points, lines)Transportation and ancillary facilities (surface)
Transportation and ancillary facilities (points, lines)
Pipeline and ancillary facilities
Water system and ancillary facilities (surface, line)
Water system and ancillary facilities (points) ）
Landform and soil quality (surface)
Landform and soil quality (point, line)
Being (surface)
Being (point, line)
Place name annotation (locating point)
Description annotation (locating point)
Graphic database and data file naming rules Layer number
Geometric features
Point, (line) arc segment
Polygon
Point, arc segment
Polygon
Point, line (arc segment)||tt| |Polygon
Point, line (arc segment)
Point, line (polygon)
Polygon, line (arc segment)
Polygon
Polygon
Point, line (isolated segment)
Polygon
Point, line (arc segment)
Can be merged with 1 layer (RES)
Can be merged with 3 layers (IND)
Can be merged with 5 layers (TRA)
Can be merged with 8 layers (HYD)
Can be Merge with 11 layers (TER)
Can be merged with 13 layers (VEG
The name of the graphic database must be correct and must not be the same as other database names. It must comply with the unified regulations of the operation area. The file directory name of the graphic database should use the corresponding topographic map sheet number plus the extension required by the system. The graphic data file name should be a combination of the data layer name abbreviation and the data processing stage code in Table 2. 520
8Digital operation
Data processing stage
GB/T 17160-1997
Table 2 Code table of data processing stage
Original data collected by hand-held tracking digitization Original data collected by scanning digitization
Edited and processed data
Inspected and modified data
8.1 Hand-held tracking digitization
8.1.1 Preparation work
The preparation work for hand-held tracking digitization includes the following: M
Data processing stage
Data after edge connection
Data for establishing topological relationship
Finally completed product data||tt| |a) According to the survey area design book, fully understand the survey area, such as the scale of the working base map, contour interval, surrounding edge conditions and matters that should be paid attention to during operation;
b) Check whether the working base map meets the requirements of Chapter 5, and pay special attention to the inspection of the outline edge length to ensure the accuracy of the map sheet positioning; c) Pre-process the working base map according to the requirements of 8.1.2; d) Check whether the software required for data collection and its supporting software are fully installed, and avoid the existence of computer viruses to ensure the reliability of the collected data;
e) Prepare the required materials and map calendars during the operation [see Appendix A (Suggested Appendix). 8.1.2 Pre-processing of working base map
8.1.2.1 Pre-processing of drawing
a) Check the edge conditions of the working base map and adjacent map sheets; the continuity of linear elements (such as the direction of roads, rivers, and boundaries, whether the names and grades are consistent, whether the contour lines are continuous, etc.); whether the surface features (such as water areas, vegetation, houses and large industrial and mining buildings, etc.) are closed. Problems found should be handled and recorded in the map calendar. b) Node identification
The following nodes should be identified on the map:
1) The starting and ending points of linear targets and plane intersections; 2) The intersection points between linear targets and the projected intersections with the edge lines of surface features; 3) The dividing points of segments with different attribute contents on the same linear self-marker; 4) The nodes added on the closed curve to establish a topological surface; 5) The intersection points between the edge lines of linear targets and surface targets and the edge of the map; 6) The division points when the targets are divided into target segments to facilitate the addition of information about the spatial position relationship between linear or surface targets. c) Fill in incomplete lines as needed. d) For the surface elements that do not have clear boundaries on the map, their approximate range lines should be drawn, such as composite vegetation, soil types, swamps, and underwater beaches.
8.1.2.2 Preprocessing of attribute data
For the element categories and attributes that are difficult to distinguish on the map, they should be marked on the preprocessing map, such as indicating the attribute changes of the same linear feature and the codes of features with multiple attributes (distinguishing between primary and secondary codes). 8.1.3 Data collection and topological relationship between elements 8.1.3.1 Fill in the map calendar correctly as required and keep a record of each work. 8.1.3.2 Before each data collection work begins, the work base map must be positioned. The positioning error of the work base map should meet the requirements of 8.1.4. The work can only be carried out after inspection and approval by the inspection personnel, and the positioning error situation should be filled in the map calendar. When the work is in progress or at the end, the work base map positioning check must be carried out.
GB/T 17160—1997
8.1.3.3 Carry out layered data collection according to the requirements of Chapter 6. When the layers need to be merged, it should be uniformly stipulated in the work area design book, and the operators shall not handle it on their own.
8.1.3.4 The classification code of the elements on the map shall be implemented in accordance with GB14804. When operating, the code and attached information shall be correctly input according to the requirements of the data acquisition software.
8.1.3.5 According to the graphic symbol positioning points (lines) specified in GB7929, data collection shall be carried out. The point position error of the collection point shall not exceed 0.1mm. When collecting the boundaries of linear elements or surface elements, the sampling point step shall be adjusted according to the size of the vector distance, and the vector distance between the line segment and the curve between adjacent collection points shall be less than 0.15mm.
Sampling point step
8.1.3.6 The theoretical coordinates of the outline points shall be stored in each data layer. The inner outline and coordinate grid shall be generated by theoretical values, and the level plane control points shall be generated by measured coordinates, and shall not be generated by digital means. 8.1.3.7 The surface elements shall form closed polygons. The classification code of the auxiliary lines drawn to ensure the closure of the surface elements is represented by the classification code of the surface element + 9999.
8.1.3.8 Each polygon of a surface element must have one (and only one) identification point, and its classification code is the classification code of the surface element represented by the polygon.
8.1.3.9 For the range lines drawn on the pre-processed map for surface elements without clear boundaries, they are collected as auxiliary lines (the code is the classification code of the surface element plus 9999), and the classification code of the polygon identification point is the code of the main vegetation or soil type within the range, and the secondary vegetation or soil type is collected as a point target; if the range line cannot be drawn, it is collected as a point target. 8.1.3.10 Linear constraints are digitized as solid lines and their continuity is maintained (such as roads, railways, rivers, pipelines cut off by bridge symbols; boundary lines on the surface of double-line rivers and lakes, etc.). Near the intersection (such as bridges) or overlap (such as tunnels) of linear targets or surface targets, the linear targets or surface targets should be divided into target segments for collection, so as to establish a spatial position relationship information table between related target segments according to the requirements of the collection software.
8.1.3.11 For asymmetric linear symbols (such as dikes, nature reserve boundaries, etc.) on the map, the toothed part of the symbol should be located on the right side of the mouse forward direction during digitization.
Digitalization direction
8.1.3.12 Rivers should be digitized from upstream to downstream. For the left water edge of a double-line river, the double-line river classification code + 10000 is used, and for the right water edge, the double-line river classification code + 20000 is used. 8.1.3.13 For point symbols with fixed direction or no direction, only the coordinates of their positioning points are collected. For directed point symbols, such as springs, underground building entrances and exits, their positioning points should be collected first, and then their direction points should be collected. Its direction point is set on the central axis passing through the positioning point of the directional dot symbol. 8.1.3.14 A common edge with multiple attributes can only be digitized once and stored in the layer to which its primary attribute belongs. Its classification code is the code of the primary attribute. The location information of the common edge in the secondary attribute layer should be generated by copying, and its classification code is represented by the code in the secondary attribute layer + 9999.
8.1.3.15 For all digital targets with implicit elevation information in the elements of the map, the elevation information should be correctly input as required. 8.1.3.16 The collection of drawing annotations should be correct, and its font, font size, positioning point, direction and spacing should comply with the provisions of GB7929. 8.1.3.17 Edit the graphic data according to the functions and requirements of the software used, and perform edge processing. 8.1.3.18 Establish the topological relationship between the targets according to the functions and requirements of the software system used for data collection. 522
8.1.4 Operation accuracy requirements
GB/T 17160-1997
The mean error of the positioning of the working base map shall not exceed ±0.16mm, and the absolute value of the maximum difference of the repeated positioning error of the working base map shall not exceed 0.16mm. The mean error of point symbol sampling shall not exceed ±0.20mm. The mean error of linear symbol tracking shall not exceed ±0.25mm. The error of the edge connection of the map sheet is less than 2V2 times the mean error of the plane displacement of the digital input tracking method. 8.1.5 Inspection map output
8.1.5.1 According to the inspection needs, select the drawing content and output form. 8.1.5.2 The inspection map should be drawn with polyester film or paper with small deformation and smooth surface; the drawing pen used should meet the requirements of accuracy inspection.
8.1.5.3 The inspection method should generally be carried out by matching the inspection map with the working base map. 8.1.5.4 Inspection map accuracy
The position error of the map outline point, kilometer network point and grade plane control point shall not exceed 0.12mm. The error of the map outline side length shall not exceed 0.2mm, and the diagonal error shall not exceed 0.3mm. Relative to the working base map, the mean error of the plane displacement of the point element shall not exceed ±0.25mm, and the mean error of the plane displacement of the linear and surface elements shall not exceed ±0.30mm.
8.1.6 Inspection of work contents
After the hand-held tracking digitization work is completed, the contents and requirements of each work process should be checked, including: a) the files and control information are complete and correct; b) whether the positioning error of the map sheet meets the tolerance regulations; c) whether the collection of each element in the map is wrong or missing; d) whether the code and auxiliary information of each element in the map are complete and correct; e) whether the error of the collection point is within the tolerance range; f) whether the stratification is correct;
g) whether the topological relationship is correct;
h) whether the modified value of the edge data meets the tolerance regulations; i) whether the map calendar is fully filled.
8.2 Scanning digitization
8.2.1 Preparation work
In addition to meeting the requirements in 8.1.1 and 8.1.2, the preparation work for scanning digitization should also check whether the working base map is clean and tidy, and whether the lines and annotations are clear. If the quality of the working base map is not good, it can be repaired or re-marked. When the map size is larger than the scanning window size and needs to be scanned in blocks, the block mark should be drawn on the working base map. The block mark can use the coordinate grid.
8.2.2 Data Collection
Data collection is carried out by screen tracking. a) De-noise the scanned data,
b) Carry out screen tracking data collection of each element according to the layering requirements of Chapter 6 and the requirements of Article 8.1.3. 8.2.3 Raster Conversion and Data Processing
a) De-quantize the edited raster graphic data; b) For elements that cannot be processed by scanning digitization (such as seasonal rivers, lakes, swamps, salt fields, etc. represented by dotted lines), supplementary collection and input can be performed on the screen or using a handheld digitizer; c) Compress the acquired data; d) If block scanning is used, the blocks should be spliced according to the requirements of the software used, and the spliced elements should have a unified number and strictly unique coordinates.
8.2.4 Accuracy requirements
8.2.4.1 Operation accuracy
GB/T 17160—1997
The scanning error of the graphic positioning control point shall not exceed 0.1mm. Relative to the working base map, the scanning point position error after vectorization shall not exceed 0.15mm, and the line error shall not exceed 0.2mm. The edge connection error shall not exceed 22 times the error in the plane displacement of the scanning input method. 8.2.4.2 Check the accuracy of the drawing
It shall meet the accuracy requirements given in 8.1.5.4. 8.2.5 Operation content inspection
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in 8.1.6, the inspection of the contents of each operation process of scanning digitization shall also include: a) Whether the input of elevation points and elevation feature points is correct; b) Whether there are any errors in the graphic editing work;bzxz.net
c) Whether the classification code and attribute code of the contour elevation and each element in the map are correctly input. 9 Submission of results
9.1 After the digitization work is completed, the results should be carefully self-checked before the results are sorted and submitted to ensure that they are clear, complete and correct.
9.2 The submitted results should include:
a) Technical design book, technical summary,
b) Working base map:
c) Media with topographic map data;
d) Inspection report;
e) Calendar book.
Scale
Coordinates of outline points
Map size
Publishing unit
Digital unit
Operator
Working base circle
Inspector
Editor
Drawing problems and treatment
Lower left corner coordinates
Upper right corner coordinates
Diagonal
GB/T 171601997
Appendix A
(Suggestive appendix)
Calendar
Used coordinate system
Publication date
Digital method
Operation date
Inspection date
Modification date3 Raster conversion and data processing
a) Dequantize the edited raster graphic data; b) For elements that cannot be processed by scanning digitization (such as seasonal rivers, lakes, swamps, salt pans, etc. represented by dotted lines), they can be supplemented on the screen or by using a handheld digitizer for collection and input; c) Compress the acquired data; d) If block scanning is adopted, the blocks should be spliced according to the requirements of the software used, and the spliced elements should have a unified number and strictly unique coordinates.
8.2.4 Accuracy requirements
8.2.4.1 Operation accuracy
GB/T 17160—1997
The scanning error of the graphic positioning control point shall not exceed 0.1mm. Relative to the working base map, the scanning point position error after vectorization shall not exceed 0.15mm, and the line error shall not exceed 0.2mm. The edge connection error shall not exceed 22 times the plane displacement error of the scanning input method. 8.2.4.2 Check the accuracy of the drawing
It should meet the accuracy requirements given in 8.1.5.4. 8.2.5 Check the content of the work
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in 8.1.6, the inspection of the content of each work process of scanning and digitization should also include: a) Whether the input of elevation points and elevation feature points is correct; b) Whether there are any errors in the graphic editing work;
c) Whether the classification code and attribute code of the contour elevation and each element in the map are correctly input. 9 Submission of results
9.1 After the digitization work is completed, the results should be carefully self-checked before the results data are sorted and submitted to ensure that they are clear, complete and correct.
9.2 The submitted results materials should include:
a) technical design book and technical summary;
b) working base map;
c) medium containing topographic map data;
d) inspection report;
e) calendar book.
Scale
Coordinates of outline points
Map size
Publishing unit
Digital unit
Operator
Working base circle
Inspector
Editor
Drawing problems and treatment
Lower left corner coordinates
Upper right corner coordinates
Diagonal
GB/T 171601997
Appendix A
(Suggestive appendix)
Calendar
Used coordinate system
Publication date
Digital method
Operation date
Inspection date
Modification date3 Raster conversion and data processing
a) Dequantize the edited raster graphic data; b) For elements that cannot be processed by scanning digitization (such as seasonal rivers, lakes, swamps, salt pans, etc. represented by dotted lines), they can be supplemented on the screen or by using a handheld digitizer for collection and input; c) Compress the acquired data; d) If block scanning is adopted, the blocks should be spliced according to the requirements of the software used, and the spliced elements should have a unified number and strictly unique coordinates.
8.2.4 Accuracy requirements
8.2.4.1 Operation accuracy
GB/T 17160—1997
The scanning error of the graphic positioning control point shall not exceed 0.1mm. Relative to the working base map, the scanning point position error after vectorization shall not exceed 0.15mm, and the line error shall not exceed 0.2mm. The edge connection error shall not exceed 22 times the plane displacement error of the scanning input method. 8.2.4.2 Check the accuracy of the drawing
It should meet the accuracy requirements given in 8.1.5.4. 8.2.5 Check the content of the work
In addition to meeting the requirements specified in 8.1.6, the inspection of the content of each work process of scanning and digitization should also include: a) Whether the input of elevation points and elevation feature points is correct; b) Whether there are any errors in the graphic editing work;
c) Whether the classification code and attribute code of the contour elevation and each element in the map are correctly input. 9 Submission of results
9.1 After the digitization work is completed, the results should be carefully self-checked before the results data are sorted and submitted to ensure that they are clear, complete and correct.
9.2 The submitted results materials should include:
a) technical design book and technical summary;
b) working base map;
c) medium containing topographic map data;
d) inspection report;
e) calendar book.
Scale
Coordinates of outline points
Map size
Publishing unit
Digital unit
Operator
Working base circle
Inspector
Editor
Drawing problems and treatment
Lower left corner coordinates
Upper right corner coordinates
Diagonal
GB/T 171601997
Appendix A
(Suggestive appendix)
Calendar
Used coordinate system
Publication date
Digital method
Operation date
Inspection date
Modification date
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