Some standard content:
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for Winter Construction of Building Engineering
JGJ104—97
1998 Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
.Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for Winter Construction of Building Engineering
Engineering
JGJ104—97
Editor: Heilongjiang Cold Region Building Science Research Institute Approval department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Implementation date: June 1, 1998
1998 Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
.Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
About the release of the industry standard "Construction Engineering
Winter Construction Code 》Notice
Construction Standard [1997] No. 314
To the Construction Committees (Construction Departments) of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Construction Committees of all independently planned cities, and relevant departments of the State Council:
In accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Construction's (90) Jianbiaozi No. 407 document, the "Winter Construction Code for Building Engineering" edited by the Heilongjiang Cold Region Building Science Research Institute has been reviewed and approved as an industry standard, numbered JGJ104-97, and will be implemented on June 1, 1998. This code is managed by the China Academy of Building Research, the Ministry of Construction's building engineering standards and technology management unit, and the Heilongjiang Cold Region Building Science Research Institute is responsible for specific interpretation and other work.
This code is organized and published by the Standard and Norms Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
November 19, 1997
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
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Earthwork
Soil Antifreeze and Insulation
Electricity+Electricity
Melting of Frozen Soil
Excavation of Frozen Soil
Main Square Fill
Foundation and Foundation Engineering
General Provisions
Foundation Treatment
Shallow Foundation
Pile Foundation
Masonry Engineering
-General Provisions
Admixtures
Freezing Method||tt ||Hothouse method
Reinforcement engineering…
General provisions
6.2 Cold drawing and cold bending of reinforcement at negative temperature
6.3 Welding of reinforcement at negative temperature
7 Concrete engineering
Service regulations and design
.2 Heating, mixing, transportation and pouring of concrete raw materials Engineering construction standard full text information system
Engineering construction standard full text information system
7.3 Concrete heat storage method and comprehensive heat storage method curing7.4 Concrete steam curing method…
7.5 Electric heating method curing concrete
7.6 Hothouse method construction
Negative temperature curing method
Construction of sulphoaluminate cement concrete|| tt||7.9Concrete quality control and inspection
Roof insulation and waterproofing engineering
General provisions
Insulation layer construction
Leveling layer construction
Waterproof layer, air barrier layer construction
Decoration engineering
General provisions
Plastering engineering
Finishing engineering
Chinaeeeteeettemporary
Painting, slurry brushing, wallpapering, glass engineering
Steel structure engineering
General provisions
Steel structure production:
Steel structure installation:
Concrete component installation engineering
Stacking and transportation of components||tt ||Hoisting of components
Connection and correction of components
Maintenance of wintering projects
General provisions
Projects under constructionwww.bzxz.net
Suspended and delayed projects
Appendix A
Appendix B
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Calculation of soil insulation and antifreeze
Thermal calculation of concrete
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Appendix C Strength growth law of concrete at different ages under negative temperature with antifreeze agent
Appendix D Calculation of early strength of concrete by maturity method Appendix E Explanation of terms used in this code..
Additional explanation
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.Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
1.0.1 This code is formulated in order to conscientiously implement the national technical and economic policies in the winter construction of building projects, achieve advanced technology, economic rationality, safety and applicability, and ensure quality.
2 This code applies to the winter construction of industrial and civil houses and general structures. 1.0.2
1.0.3 The principle for dividing the winter construction period of this code is: according to the local meteorological data statistics for many years, when the outdoor daily average temperature is stably below 5℃ for 5 consecutive days, the winter construction begins, and when the outdoor daily average temperature is above 5℃ for 5 consecutive days, the winter construction is terminated. 1.0.4 For all engineering projects that are to be constructed in winter, the construction drawings should be reviewed; any problems that cannot meet the requirements of winter construction should be promptly studied and resolved with the design unit. 1.0.5
In addition to complying with this code, projects that are to be constructed in winter should also comply with the provisions of the current relevant national standards and specifications.
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2Terms
2.0.1 Shallow foundation shallow foundation In seasonally frozen areas, when the foundation design is set on a foundation that allows residual frozen soil, the foundation is constructed on the frozen soil layer. 2.0.2 Freezing method frozenmethod
Using ordinary cement mortar, after paving, the masonry is allowed to freeze. 2.0.3 Cold tension at zero temperature Cold tension at zero temperature The cold drawing of steel bars is carried out at negative temperature outdoors, and the cold drawing parameters are different from those at room temperature. 2.0.4 Welding at zero temperature The welding connection of steel bars is carried out at negative temperature outdoors or in a shed, and the welding parameters are different from those at room temperature.
Critical strength in frost resistance The minimum strength that concrete poured in winter must reach before freezing. 2. 0.6 Thermos method
After concrete pouring, the heat from raw material heating and cement hydration heat is used to delay the cooling of concrete through appropriate insulation, so that the concrete reaches the expected required strength before cooling to 0℃.
2.0.7 Comprehensive thermal storage method comprehensivethermosmethod After the concrete with chemical admixtures is poured, the heat of raw material heating and cement hydration is used to delay the cooling of concrete through proper insulation, so that the concrete temperature drops to 0C or reaches the required strength before the specified temperature. Note 2.0.8 Electric heating method electricheatmethod Concrete poured in winter is heated and cured by electric energy, including electrode heating, electric blanket, power frequency eddy current, coil induction and infrared heating methods. 2. β.g Electrode heating method electroretrode heating method Use steel bars as electrodes and use the heat generated by electric current passing through concrete to heat and cure concrete.
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2.0.10 Electricheat blanket method electricheatblanketmethod After the concrete is poured, a flexible electric heating blanket is covered on the concrete surface or the outside of the formwork, and the concrete is heated and cured by electricity.
2.0.11 Eddy current method: Using steel pipes installed on the outside of steel formwork, with wires inserted inside, eddy current is generated after passing alternating current, heating the steel formwork to heat and cure the concrete 2.0.12 Induction coil heating method: Using insulated wire coils wrapped around the outside of the steel formwork of the component, passing alternating current to generate electromagnetic induction heating in the steel formwork and the steel bars in the concrete, heating and curing the concrete.
2.o.13 Tentheating method: Placing the concrete component or structure to be cured in a shed, arranging radiators, pipes, electric heaters or stoves inside to heat the air in the shed, so that the concrete is cured in a positive temperature environment.
Curing method: At zero temperature 2.0.14
Antifreeze is added to the concrete, and the concrete is not heated or heat-storing and heat-insulating after pouring, so that the concrete can continue to harden under negative temperature conditions. 2.0.15 Sulphoaluminate cement concrete Sulphoaluminate cement is a concrete made of fast-hardening sulphoaluminate cement and sodium nitrite admixture, with appropriate insulation measures, and has the characteristics of early strength at negative temperature and early frost resistance. 2.0.1 Hot melt method hotmelt method
When constructing the waterproof layer, a flame heater is used to heat and melt the hot melt adhesive at the bottom of the hot melt waterproof membrane for pasting.
2.0.1z Cold application method cold application method uses adhesive to bond the membrane to the base layer and the membrane to the membrane without heating.
2.0.18 Surface-coating method for waterproofing: Use asphalt-based waterproof coating, polymer-modified asphalt waterproof coating or synthetic high-resolution waterproof coating and other materials, evenly apply one or more coats on the surface of the base layer, and after curing, form an integral waterproof coating layer.
2.0.19 Maturity
The product of the curing temperature and curing time of concrete during the curing period. 2.0.20 Equivalent age
The temperature of concrete changes continuously during the curing period. During this period of time, the curing effect is the same as the time required to achieve the same effect under standard conditions. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
3 Earthwork
3.1 General Provisions
For winter construction of earthwork, preparations should be made before construction, and anti-skid and fire prevention measures should be taken on transportation roads and construction sites during continuous winter construction. 3.2 Antifreeze and Insulation of Soil
3.2.1 For large-scale earthwork, the loosening and leveling method should be adopted. The topsoil should be loosened and leveled at the intended construction site, with a thickness of 25 to 30 cm and a width of twice the freezing depth during excavation plus the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). The freezing depth after loosening and leveling should be estimated according to Appendix A of this Code.
3.2.2 In the upper construction area with heavy snowfall in early winter, the snow covering method should be adopted. Before excavation, fences or other materials should be piled up to form walls at the site to be excavated. The height should be 50-100cm, the spacing should be 10-15m, and it should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. For foundation trenches (pits) with smaller areas, snow trenches (pits) can be dug at the predetermined location. The depth should be 30-50cm, and the width should be twice the expected depth plus the sum of the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). 3.2.3
For trenches (pits) with smaller excavation areas, the insulation material covering method should be adopted. The insulation material can be slag, sawdust, wood shavings, straw, straw mats, expanded perlite, etc., and then a layer of plastic consumption is added. The laying width of the insulation material is twice the width of the trench (pit) plus the sum of the bottom width of the trench (pit). Its thickness is calculated and determined according to Appendix A of this specification. 3.2.4 The insulation and anti-freezing method of the excavated smaller foundation trenches (pits) can be adopted by the greenhouse insulation method. On the excavated foundation trench (pit), it is advisable to build a skeleton, lay the base layer, and cover it with insulation materials. You can also build a shed for looking out for materials, and take heating measures in the shed. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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3.3 Thawing of frozen soil
3.3.1 The method of thawing frozen soil should be determined according to factors such as the size of the project, the freezing depth and the on-site construction conditions. Methods such as pyrotechnic baking, steam melting, and electric heating can be selected, and the construction sequence should be determined.
3.3.2 For projects with small project quantities, the pyrotechnic baking method can be used, and the fuel can be shavings, sawdust husks, tree bark and other combustible wastes. The laid fuel should be ignited on the frozen ground to be excavated and covered with iron plates. The flame should not be too high, and reliable fire prevention measures should be taken.
3.3.3 When the heat source is sufficient and the project quantity is small, the steam melting method can be used. The steel pipe with jet holes should be inserted into the pre-drilled frozen soil hole and melted by steam. The diameter of the frozen soil hole should be 1 cm larger than the diameter of the steam jet pipe, the spacing should not be greater than 1m, and the depth should exceed 30 cm from the base. When the diameter D of the steam jet pipe is 2.0-2.5 cm, a plum blossom-shaped steam jet hole should be drilled on the steel pipe, and the lower end should be sealed. After melting, it should be dug in time to prevent the base from freezing. In areas with sufficient power supply and small engineering volume, the frozen soil can be melted by electric heating. The electrodes should be g16-g25 with pointed steel bars at the lower end. The depth of the electrode into the frozen soil should not be less than the freezing depth, and it should be exposed 10-15 cm above the ground. The spacing of the electrodes should be adopted according to Table 3.3.4. The electric heating time should be determined according to the freezing depth, voltage level and other conditions. When heating with electricity, sawdust can be spread on the surface, the thickness should be 10-25 cm, and it should be soaked with 1%-2% salt solution. When using the electric heating method to melt frozen soil, safety protection measures should be taken.
Electrode spacing (cm)
Pressure (v)
3.4 Excavation of frozen soil
Degree (cm)
Excavation of frozen soil can be carried out by manual, mechanical and blasting methods according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
bzSoSO,O玛20 Equivalent age period
The temperature of concrete changes continuously during the curing period. The curing effect during this period is the same as the time required to achieve the same effect under standard conditions. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
3 Earthwork
3.1 General provisions
Winter construction of earthwork should be prepared before construction, and anti-skid and fire prevention measures should be taken on transportation roads and construction sites during continuous winter construction. 3.2 Antifreeze and insulation of soil
3.2.1 For large-scale earthwork, the loosening and leveling method should be adopted. The surface soil should be loosened and leveled at the intended construction site, with a thickness of 25 to 30 cm and a width of twice the freezing depth during excavation plus the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). The freezing depth after loosening and leveling should be estimated according to Appendix A of this specification.
3.2.2- In the upper engineering construction area with heavy snowfall in early winter, the snow covering method should be adopted. Before excavation, fences should be set up or other materials should be piled up to form a wall at the site to be excavated. The height should be 50~100cm, the spacing should be 10~15m, and it should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. For foundation trenches (pits) with smaller areas, snow trenches (pits) can be dug at the predetermined position. The depth should be 30-50cm, and the width should be twice the expected depth plus the sum of the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). 3.2.3
For trenches (pits) with smaller excavation areas, the insulation material covering method should be adopted. The insulation material can be slag, sawdust, wood shavings, straw, straw mats, expanded perlite, etc., and then a cover layer of plastic consumption is added. The laying width of the insulation material is the sum of twice the width of the trench (pit) plus the sum of the bottom width of the trench (pit). Its thickness is calculated and determined according to Appendix A of this code. 3.2.4 The insulation and antifreeze of the excavated smaller foundation trenches (pits) can be achieved by using the greenhouse insulation method. On the excavated foundation trenches (pits), it is advisable to build a skeleton, lay the base layer, and cover the insulation material. You can also build a shed for looking at materials, and take heating measures in the shed. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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3.3 Thawing of frozen soil
3.3.1 The method of thawing frozen soil should be determined according to the size of the project, the freezing depth and the on-site construction conditions. You can choose methods such as fireworks baking, steam melting, and electric heating, and the construction sequence should be determined.
3.3.2 For projects with small engineering quantities, the fireworks baking method can be used, and the fuel can be selected from shavings, sawdust husks, tree bark and other combustible wastes. The laid fuel should be ignited on the frozen ground to be excavated and covered with iron plates. The flame should not be too high, and reliable fire prevention measures should be taken.
3.3.3 When the heat source is sufficient and the project volume is small, the steam melting method can be used. The steel pipe with the jet hole should be inserted into the pre-drilled frozen soil hole and melted by steam. The diameter of the frozen soil hole should be 1 cm larger than the diameter of the steam jet pipe, the spacing should not be greater than 1m, and the depth should exceed 30 cm from the base. When the diameter D of the steam jet pipe is 2.0-2.5 cm, the plum blossom-shaped steam jet hole should be drilled on the steel pipe, and the lower end should be sealed. After melting, it should be dug in time to prevent the base from freezing. In areas with sufficient power supply and small project volume, the electric heating method can be used to melt the frozen soil. The electrode should be g16-g25 with a pointed steel bar at the bottom. The depth of the electrode into the frozen soil should not be less than the freezing depth, and it should be exposed 10-15 cm above the ground. The spacing of the electrodes should be adopted according to Table 3.3.4. The electric heating time should be determined according to conditions such as freezing depth and voltage level. When electric heating is applied, sawdust can be spread on the ground surface. The thickness should be 1025cm, and it should be soaked with 1%2% concentration of salt solution. When using electric heating to melt frozen soil, safety protection measures should be taken.
Electrode spacing (cm)
Pressure (v)
3.4 Excavation of frozen soil
Degree (cm)
Excavation of frozen soil can be carried out by manual, mechanical and blasting methods according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
bzSoSO,O玛20 Equivalent age period
The temperature of concrete changes continuously during the curing period. The curing effect during this period is the same as the time required to achieve the same effect under standard conditions. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
3 Earthwork
3.1 General provisions
Winter construction of earthwork should be prepared before construction, and anti-skid and fire prevention measures should be taken on transportation roads and construction sites during continuous winter construction. 3.2 Antifreeze and insulation of soil
3.2.1 For large-scale earthwork, the loosening and leveling method should be adopted. The surface soil should be loosened and leveled at the intended construction site, with a thickness of 25 to 30 cm and a width of twice the freezing depth during excavation plus the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). The freezing depth after loosening and leveling should be estimated according to Appendix A of this specification.
3.2.2- In the upper engineering construction area with heavy snowfall in early winter, the snow covering method should be adopted. Before excavation, fences should be set up or other materials should be piled up to form a wall at the site to be excavated. The height should be 50~100cm, the spacing should be 10~15m, and it should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction. For foundation trenches (pits) with smaller areas, snow trenches (pits) can be dug at the predetermined position. The depth should be 30-50cm, and the width should be twice the expected depth plus the sum of the bottom width of the foundation trench (pit). 3.2.3
For trenches (pits) with smaller excavation areas, the insulation material covering method should be adopted. The insulation material can be slag, sawdust, wood shavings, straw, straw mats, expanded perlite, etc., and then a cover layer of plastic consumption is added. The laying width of the insulation material is the sum of twice the width of the trench (pit) plus the sum of the bottom width of the trench (pit). Its thickness is calculated and determined according to Appendix A of this code. 3.2.4 The insulation and antifreeze of the excavated smaller foundation trenches (pits) can be achieved by using the greenhouse insulation method. On the excavated foundation trenches (pits), it is advisable to build a skeleton, lay the base layer, and cover the insulation material. You can also build a shed for looking at materials, and take heating measures in the shed. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
bzSos, COm Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
3.3 Thawing of frozen soil
3.3.1 The method of thawing frozen soil should be determined according to the size of the project, the freezing depth and the on-site construction conditions. You can choose methods such as fireworks baking, steam melting, and electric heating, and the construction sequence should be determined.
3.3.2 For projects with small engineering quantities, the fireworks baking method can be used, and the fuel can be selected from shavings, sawdust husks, tree bark and other combustible wastes. The laid fuel should be ignited on the frozen ground to be excavated and covered with iron plates. The flame should not be too high, and reliable fire prevention measures should be taken.
3.3.3 When the heat source is sufficient and the project volume is small, the steam melting method can be used. The steel pipe with the jet hole should be inserted into the pre-drilled frozen soil hole and melted by steam. The diameter of the frozen soil hole should be 1 cm larger than the diameter of the steam jet pipe, the spacing should not be greater than 1m, and the depth should exceed 30 cm from the base. When the diameter D of the steam jet pipe is 2.0-2.5 cm, the plum blossom-shaped steam jet hole should be drilled on the steel pipe, and the lower end should be sealed. After melting, it should be dug in time to prevent the base from freezing. In areas with sufficient power supply and small project volume, the electric heating method can be used to melt the frozen soil. The electrode should be g16-g25 with a pointed steel bar at the bottom. The depth of the electrode into the frozen soil should not be less than the freezing depth, and it should be exposed 10-15 cm above the ground. The spacing of the electrodes should be adopted according to Table 3.3.4. The electric heating time should be determined according to conditions such as freezing depth and voltage level. When electric heating is applied, sawdust can be spread on the ground surface. The thickness should be 1025cm, and it should be soaked with 1%2% concentration of salt solution. When using electric heating to melt frozen soil, safety protection measures should be taken.
Electrode spacing (cm)
Pressure (v)
3.4 Excavation of frozen soil
Degree (cm)
Excavation of frozen soil can be carried out by manual, mechanical and blasting methods according to the thickness of the frozen soil layer. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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