Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
1 Subject content and scope of application
Oceanographic terminology
Physical oceanography
This standard specifies 347 professional terms in physical oceanography. GB/T15920—1995
This standard is applicable to the compilation of teaching materials, books and periodicals, the formulation of relevant standards and technical documents and literature translation. 2 Temperature, salinity and depth
2.1 Seawater
The water that constitutes the ocean water body. It contains a variety of inorganic salts with basically constant composition and presents complex and changeable physical and chemical properties. 2.2
Sea surface temperature seasurfacetcmperature (ssT) is a physical quantity that indicates the thermal condition of the seawater in the 2cm water layer above the ocean surface. It mainly depends on solar radiation. 2.3 Insitutemperature The seawater temperature measured on the spot when swimming.
2.4 Isotherm
On the water temperature distribution map, the line connecting the points with equal temperature values. 2.5 Bathythermogram The line of water temperature changing with depth
Warm water tongue
On the seawater overflow distribution map, the isotherm indicating that high temperature water enters the warm water area is distributed in a tongue-like shape: 2.7 Cold water tongue
On the water temperature distribution map, the isotherm indicating that low temperature water enters the high temperature water area is distributed in a tongue-like shape. 2.8 Warm water sphere
Watri water sphere
The upper layer of the ocean with high water temperature and large vertical gradient. Its thickness gradually decreases with increasing latitude, and disappears in the Arctic and Subantarctic seas.
2.9 Coldwatersphere
The lower layer of the ocean with low water temperature and small vertical gradient. It gradually expands upward with the increase of temperature and rises to the sea surface in the polar regions. 2.10 Salinity
A scale of salt content in seawater.
First defined in 1902: The number of grams of inorganic salts contained in a kilogram of seawater after all the calcium and iodine in it are replaced by equivalent amounts of chlorine and all the carbonates are converted into oxides. It is expressed by the symbol S% and the unit is grams/kilogram. In 1966, it was redefined based on the relative conductivity ratio, and the State Administration of Technical Supervision approved it on December 20, 1995
1996-08.01 implementation
GB/T 15920-1995
In the formula, R is the conductivity ratio of the seawater sample to the standard seawater with a salinity of 35.000 under the conditions of standard atmospheric pressure and 15°C. Later, on January 1, 1982, the 1978 practical salinity scale (see 2.11, 2.13) was implemented to determine the practical salinity of seawater. The relationship between practical salinity S and absolute salinity S. is: Sa = α- bs
The coefficient α depends on the ratio between the components of seawater. For standard seawater, a—o
6-1. 004 9
2. 11 1978 Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (PSS 78) is a single-scale reference point based on a standard solution of potassium chloride with a mass ratio of 32.4356×10-\. When the ratio of the conductivity of a seawater sample to the conductivity of a reference solution under the same conditions (K1) is exactly 1 at 15°C and one standard atmosphere, the practical salinity is exactly equal to 35.
After adopting the practical salt scale, salinity becomes an independent parameter and no longer has a substantial relationship with atmospheric pressure. 2 Absolute salinity abrplntesalinity
The ratio of the mass of dissolved matter in seawater to the mass of seawater. It is represented by the symbol 5. 2.13 Practical salinity The salinity obtained based on the practical salinity standard. It is represented by the symbol S. The practical benefit is determined by K1 through the following formula: 5=bzxZ.net
, K1: is the ratio of the conductivity of the seawater sample to the conductivity of the potassium chloride solution with a mass ratio of 32.4356×108 under the same conditions at 15℃ and a standard atmospheric pressure: 2: is the number term: 2a=0. 008 0
2, =0. 169 2
=25. 385 1
as-14.0941
45 2. 708 1
2.14 isohaline
The line connecting the points with equal salinity values on the seawater salinity distribution map. 2. 15 salinity tongue
The isohaline distribution on the seawater salinity distribution map that indicates the expansion of seawater to water areas with different salinities. 2.16 Salt finger
On the seawater salinity distribution map, it shows the isohalite finger-like distribution of high-salinity water that occurs at the interface when a high-temperature, high-salinity layer is located above a low-temperature, low-salinity layer.
2.17 Salt water wedge
When seawater and river water mix in the estuary area, the interface between the upper layer of river water with lower density and the lower layer of high-salinity seawater with higher density tilts toward the upstream of the river and dives in a wedge shape. 2.1B Temperature diagram T-Sdiagram
CB/T 15920--1995
A coordinate diagram that uses temperature (T) as the ordinate and salinity (S) as the abscissa to show the relationship between seawater temperature and salinity. 2.19 TS index
Numerical index of specific temperature and latitude that indicates water mass characteristics and fish distribution 2.20 Thermohalinestructure The internal structure of the ocean reflected by the distribution of seawater temperature and salinity. Such as stratified structure, step structure and frontal structure, etc. 2.21 Seawater density
sea water density
The mass of seawater per unit volume. It is a function of seawater temperature, salinity and pressure. The symbol is and the unit is kg·I 2.22 In situ density
The density of seawater calculated based on in situ seawater temperature (), practical salinity (S) and pressure (P). It is represented by the symbol p. 2.23 Density excess
A quantity introduced to simplify density calculation and writing. In symbols, =g1no kg·mi
2. 24 Specific volume of sea water The volume of sea water per unit mass is a function of the temperature, salinity and pressure of sea water. It is the reciprocal of the density of sea water, symbolized by α, and its unit is m2.kg-!.
2.25 In situ specific volume The specific volume of sea water calculated based on the in situ sea water temperature (t), practical salinity (S) and pressure (p). Symbolized by . Its unit is tn\, kg-l.
2.26 Specific volume anomaly The difference between the in situ specific volume of sea water and the specific volume of sea water with a salinity of 35 and a temperature of 0°C at the same pressure, α59, is in symbols, namely
2.27 Thermosteric anomaly The specific volume deviation of sea water on the ocean surface. It is represented by the symbol (St), that is, A(St)a,..an,a,a
2.28 Vertical stability The ability of each water layer in the ocean to maintain its original position in the vertical direction. 2.29 Convective mixing When the density of the upper seawater is greater than that of the lower seawater, the mixing caused by the vertical convection of seawater. 2.30 Lurbulent mixing: mixing The mixing of source water caused by the random vortex of seawater. It is divided into vertical vortex mixing and horizontal vortex mixing, synonym: stagnant mixing.
Tidal mixing
The irreversible physical process in which the distribution of heat, salt or other substance concentration in the ocean changes from uneven to uniform due to tidal currents. 2. 32
[Cabbeling: caballing The phenomenon that the density of two seawaters of different densities after mixing is higher than the average density of the two before mixing. 2.33
Thermocline
The water layer where the seawater temperature changes suddenly in the leading direction. 2.34 Main thermacline A water layer below the ocean mixed layer where the seawater temperature distribution changes all year round in the vertical direction. Synonym: permanent thermocline.
GB/T 15920—1995
2.35 Seasonal thermocline A thermocline with obvious seasonal changes that appears on the surface of mid-latitude seawater. 2.36 Halucline
A water layer where the seawater salinity changes in the vertical direction. 2.37 Pycnocline
A water layer where the seawater density changes in the vertical direction. 2.38 Interml wave
A wave generated inside the seawater with stable density stratification. 2.39 inversion layer
water layer in which the temperature, salinity, density and other state parameters of the seawater change with depth in the opposite direction to the general trend under the influence of advection intrusion 2.40 humtgeneous layer
water layer in which the distribution of the state parameters of the seawater temperature, salinity, density and other state parameters in the ocean is almost uniform, mixed layer, mixing layer 2.41
water layer in which the temperature, salinity and density and other state parameters of the seawater are basically uniform under the action of dynamic and thermal factors in the ocean. Synonym: surface disturbance layer.
2.42 oceanic troposphere oceanic troposphere water layer with obvious seawater convection from the sea surface to the humtgeneous layer. Its thickness decreases with increasing latitude. 2.43 stratified ocean
sea area with stratified structure due to uneven distribution of the state parameters of the seawater (density, temperature, salinity, etc.). 2.44 cold eddy
a cyclonic mesoscale vortex composed of cold water in a current system. 2.45 warm eddy
an anticyclonic mesoscale vortex composed of warm water in a current system. 2.46 watertype
a body of water with a certain temperature-salinity structure, represented by a single point on a temperature-salinity diagram. 2.47 water mass
a large body of water with similar origins and formation mechanisms, relatively uniform and stable physical, chemical and biological characteristics and roughly consistent stability trends over a long period of time, which is different from the surrounding seawater and comparable to the sea scale. 2.48 water system
a relatively uniform body of water with only a single characteristic (temperature or salinity) in a certain seawater system, which is a collection of several water masses under certain conditions.
2.49Surface water
Seawater close to the surface of the ocean that is directly affected by wind, waves, precipitation, evaporation and other external factors. Its thickness in the ocean ranges from a few meters to 200 meters.
2.50Subsurface water
The water body between the surface water and the upper interface of the main thermocline. It has the characteristics of a salt marsh and is generally 200 to 300 meters thick. 2.51Intermediate water
The water body between the main thermocline and the deep water, usually identified by the salinity layer. 2.52Deep water
The water body between the intermediate water and the bottom water at a depth of about 4000m. It is thicker than other water layers, and the vertical distribution of temperature, salinity and density is almost the same.
Synonym: lower isocline.
2.53 Bottomwater
GB/T 15920—1995
Water in the deep seabed with a depth greater than 4000 meters in the ocean, or relatively thin seawater above the seabed in the shallow sea. 2.54 Coastal water
Seawater flowing close to the coast, with low salinity and large seasonal changes in hydrological elements affected by local and meteorological conditions and runoff. 2.55 Central water
High water in the middle of the ocean, in the vast area between the South Subtropical Convergence Zone and the Northwest Convergence Zone. 2.56 Antaretic Circumpolar Water Mass Antaretic Circumpolar Water Mass Water body that is a mixture of Antarctic bottom lip water and climatic surface Mackey drift water and surrounds the eastern part of the Antarctic continent. Located between 900 meters and 300 to 400 meters underwater, it has the characteristics of low temperature and low salinity.
2.57 Arctic Water Arctie Watr, North Polar Water Arctic Ocean surface water melted from ice and snow during the polar day in the summer half of the year in the Arctic Circle. 2.58 Subtrupical mode water The water body with quasi-isothermal temperature between the seasonal thermocline and the permanent thermocline in the northern half of the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Yellow Sea (Yellow Wea) Cold Water Mass 2.59
The water body with low temperature as the main feature under the warm thermocline in the central low ocean area of the Yellow Sea. Changjiang Dilutect Water, Changjiang River Plumc 2.60
In summer, outside the Yangtze River estuary, the runoff of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River into the sea mixes with the coastal water and expands eastward. 2.61 Equatorial Convergence Zone Erquatorial Convergence Zone The zone where the waters from the southern and northern hemispheres converge. Except for the Indian Ocean, this zone is usually located in the northern hemisphere. 2.62 Oceanic front
A horizontal mixing zone between two or more water bodies where the gradient of physical, chemical, biological, kinematic characteristics and other parameters in the ocean increases significantly. In a broad sense, it refers to the discontinuity of any parameter of seawater in the ocean. 2.63 Fine structure
A physical field structure of the ocean with a vertical scale of 1 to 100 m. 2.64 Microstructure
A physical field structure of the ocean with a vertical scale of less than 1 m. 2.65 Slick
A phenomenon in which the relatively calm sea surface forms flakes or stripes due to the reduction of water surface tension by a monolayer of plankton or artificial organic matter and the action of wind.
2.66 Ocean turbulence An unstable and chaotic flow with significant changes in the speed and direction of any point in the ocean water body. Synonyms: ocean turbulence or ocean turbulence. 2.67 Double diffusion
Seawater diffusion is an unstable phenomenon in which the heat conductivity is greater than the salinity diffusion coefficient, resulting in an irregular density change. 2. 68 Sea water state equation An equation that describes the relationship between various elements of seawater. The most useful is the empirical formula that expresses the relationship between the density of seawater at the site and temperature, salinity, and pressure. The new international seawater state equation of 1980 is now used. It includes an equation for atmospheric pressure and an equation for high-pressure seawater state.
2.69 Sea colour
The apparent color of the water body at the ocean observation site. 2.70 Water colour
The color of the seawater shown on the white transparency disk at a depth of half the transparency value. It is indicated by the color grade number of the water colorimeter. Note: In the study of ocean optics, water color is still used instead of color. CB/T 15920--1995
2.71 Seawater Transparency A physical quantity that characterizes the degree of transparency of ocean water. The method is to use a white transparency disk to vertically penetrate the water to express the maximum visible depth. The unit of measurement is.
Note: In the study of ocean optics, seawater transparency is still expressed as the percentage of the luminous flux after the light beam passes through a unit straight line distance to the incident light passing through. 3 Ocean Currents
3.1 Ocean Currents
The flow of seawater along a certain path due to meteorological factors and thermal effects. 3.2 General Circulation The average movement of seawater over a long period of time in the global range. 3.3 Ocean Circulation
Under the influence of wind force and thermal salt effect on the sea surface, seawater flows from one sea area to another, forming an independent circulation system or eddy that is connected end to end. Ocean circulation in a broad sense refers to the natural phenomenon in which seawater and various physical and chemical components in seawater circulate in the world's oceans.4 Thermohaline circulation The movement of seawater caused by uneven density distribution of seawater due to changes in seawater temperature and salt. 3.5 Thermohaline convection The process of exchanging heat and salt in the vertical direction. 3.6 Abyssal circulation Abyssal circulation at a depth of more than 6,000 meters.
3.7 Equatorial current A strong and stable east-west current formed by the trade winds near the equator. There are the North Taidao Current and the South Yidao Current.
3.8 Drift current
A current formed by the drag effect of wind.
3.9 West wind drift
The movement of seawater from west to east formed by the prevailing westerly wind. 3.10 Antarctic Circumpolar Current Antarctic Circumpolar Current is a westerly drift that occurs on the vast ocean surface between 40° south latitude and the Antarctic continent, where water moves from west to east around the South Pole on a large scale. Western boundary current, wcstern boundarycurrenl3.11
A general term for ocean currents that are strengthened by the beta effect at the western boundary of the ocean. Note: 3 Effect reduction: Coriolis coefficient changes with latitude. 3.12 Wind-driven current Wind-driven current is an ocean current formed by the troll effect of oil wind or the inward wind causing the sea surface to tilt and the seawater density to be redistributed. 3.13 Gestrophic current In the ocean where the friction of the ocean current is ignored, it is a stable ocean current when the horizontal pressure gradient force of the seawater and the horizontal Coriolis force are balanced.
3.14 Density current Densiiy rurrent
A stable ocean current when the horizontal pressure gradient force generated by the density difference of the water and the horizontal Coriolis force are balanced. 3.15 Slaper current
The current caused by the tilt of the sea surface due to river runoff, precipitation, ice melting, pressure changes and uneven wind force. Synonym: slaper current.
3.16 Trade wind current Trade wintl current The current caused by the trade winds.
3.17 Monsoon current Monsoon current The current caused by the monsoon wind.
3.18 Compensation current GB/T 15920—1995
The current formed by the seawater flow from another sea area to compensate for the loss of seawater due to rainfall. There are horizontal compensation current and vertical compensation current. 3.19
Countetcuiren
The current that flows close to the mainstream but in the opposite direction to the mainstream. 3.20 Equatorial Countercurrent Equatorial Countercurrent is located between the North and South equatorial currents. It is an easterly current in the opposite direction of the equatorial current, which compensates for the seawater carried away by the equatorial current in the eastern part of the ocean.
Equalarial Undercurrent3.21
A current that occurs in the surface water near the equator, with a flow rate greater than that of the surface current, and flows from west to east in the opposite direction of the north-south equatorial current.
3.22Pacific Equatorial UndercurrentPacifieEquatorial UnderrurrentLocated on the equator of the Pacific Ocean, with a width of about 3° to 1°, it flows eastward from the subsurface layer of 140°E to 90°W. It was discovered by Cromwell et al. in 1952.
Synonym: Cromwell Currentcromwell Current.3.23Atlantic Equatorial UndercurrentAtlantic Equatorial UndercurrentLocated on the equator of the Atlantic Ocean, with a width of about 3° to 4°, it flows eastward from the subsurface layer. It was discovered by the Soviet Union's "Lomonosov" survey ship in 191.
Synonym: Lomonosov Current.
lotnonosoy current
Indian Equaturial Under Current3.24
Only during the northeast monsoon period of the year, the current near the equator of the Indian Ocean is caused by the weak eastward horizontal pressure gradient force in the subsurface seawater.
3.25 Upwelling
The upward flow of swimming water caused by the horizontal divergence of the flow field. 3.26 Downwelling
The downward flow of swimming water caused by the horizontal convergence of the flow field. Coustal current
The current flowing along the shore.
3.28 Bahai Coastal CurrentThe current flowing eastward along the coast of northern Shandong to the Bohai Strait. 3.29 Yellow Sea Coastal CurrentHuanghai (YellowSea) Coastal Current connects with the Bohai Coastal Current, flows northeast along the mountains, and after bypassing the Chengshan Cape, it roughly flows along the 40~50 I isobath runs southward to the north of Changtingkou, then turns southeast and flows into the East China Sea. 3.30 East China Sea Coastal Current A current flowing along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian. It is mainly composed of runoff from the Yangtze River and Qianbu River, and its direction changes with the monsoon. 3. 31 South China Sea Coastal Current A current flowing along the coasts of East China and Hainan Province and the coasts of the south-central half of East China. Its direction changes with the monsoon. 3.32 Longshore cutrent A current moving parallel to the coast that is generated after it propagates from the outer sea of the mountains to the coast and breaks in the broken zone. 3.33 Surface current Surfacc rurrent
A current with a certain thickness above the sea surface. 3.34 Subsurface current Surfsurface current A current occurring in the subsurface water
3.35 Deep current Deep current
GB/T 15920-:1995
Current between subsurface current and near-bottom current. 3.36 Bottom current
Current with a certain thickness whose lower interface is the seafloor and is affected by the seafloor. 3.37
Warm current
Current with a temperature higher than the surrounding seawater.
3.38 Yellow Sea Warm Current Yellow Sea (Yellow Sea) Warm Current A branch of the Tsushima Warm Current that extends into the Yellow Sea southwest of Jeju. 3.39 Taiwan Warm Current Taiwan Watm Curren!Current flowing from the northeastern coast of Taiwan and along the coast of the Taiwan Strait. 3.40 South China Sea Warm Current Nanhai (Sonth China Sea) Warm Current A current located outside the coastal current in the northern part of the South China Sea that flows northeastward, has a strong flow rate, and has significant temporal and spatial variations. 3.41 Kuroshio
The fourth boundary current in the North Pacific subtropical circulation system. It flows from the southeast of Taiwan and the sea area east of the Bashi Channel into the East China Sea through the Tokara Strait to the south of Koumoto. It has the characteristics of strong flow velocity, large flow, narrow eddy width, deep extension, high temperature and high salinity. 3.42 Tsushima Current
The warm water from the Kuroshio in the southern sea area of Kyushu, Japan, mixes with the shelf water, then flows northward and passes through the Tsushima Strait into the Sea of Japan.
3.43 Gulf Stream
The western boundary current in the North Atlantic subtropical circulation system. It flows eastward from Cape Hatteras on the east coast of the United States to the Newfoundland Bank. It has the characteristics of strong flow velocity, large flow, narrow flow width, gentle flow path, wide basin, high temperature, high salinity, high clarity and high water color. 3.44 Cold current
Cold current
Current with a lower temperature than the surrounding water
3.45 Oyashio
Current flowing southward near the Kuril Islands and the southeast coast of Hokkaido. 3.46 Residual currcnt
The current remaining after removing the tidal current from the measured current. 3.47 Gyre
A closed, relatively large-scale circular flow of seawater. 3.48 Ring
A cold or warm vortex with a diameter of about 100 to 300 km and obvious hydrological characteristics formed by the curvature of the current to a certain extent and separation from the parent body.
Volume transportvolumetransport
The amount of water transported in a water layer in the horizontal direction. 3.50Dynamic methoddynamic method
The method of calculating the geostrophic velocity based on the potential height of any point on a certain isobaric surface above the motionless surface. 3.51levcl of na motionThe surface where the ocean isobaric surface and the geopotential surface coincide. 3.52Potential height
Poteritial height
The height corresponding to the potential of a unit mass of seawater relative to a certain reference. 3.53Wind factorwindfactor
The ratio of the surface flow velocity of seawater to the surface wind velocity, GB/T 15920--1995
3.54EkrnadriftcurrentEkrnadriftcurrentThe ocean current in an unbounded, infinitely deep and uniformly dense ocean when the sea is blown by a steady wind for a long time. The horizontal flow friction and the geostrophic force are balanced.
3.55 Ekman depthEkman depth
The depth of the current below the surface layer of Ekman drift, when the flow direction is completely opposite to the surface flow and the flow velocity is about 4% of the flow velocity of the surface layer. Synonymous with friction depth.
3.56 Ekman layerEkman layer
The water layer from the sea surface to the Ekman depth.
3.57 Ekman spiralEkmpital
The curve formed by the flow velocity of Ekman drift in space. 3.58 Ekman transportEkman transportThe volume transport in the Ekman layer, which is biased to the left of the wind direction in the northern (southern) hemisphere and perpendicular to the wind direction. 3.59 Ekman pumpingEkmian punmpingThe downward or upward flow between the bottom of the Ekman layer and the lower layer of the earth's vortex, which is generated by the convergence and divergence of the total amount of the lower Ekman drift.
3.60 bottom friction layer the current near the seafloor, the thickness of the water layer affected by the friction of the seafloor and the Coriolis force. 3.61 baroclinic ocean the ocean where the isobaric and isopycnic surfaces intersect obliquely. 3. 62
barntropic ocean
ideal ocean where the isobaric and isopycnic surfaces coincide. 3. 63 mesoscale eddy the horizontal vortex with a scale ranging from tens to hundreds of kilometers superimposed on the average flow field of the ocean. 3.64 entrainment
the phenomenon in which the head current in the mixed layer of the ocean entrains the lower layer of water into the upper mixed layer. Synonymous: upper mixing entrainment.
3.65 waye-induced curreni (wave current) deformation due to wave motion trajectory: displacement of a water particle from its original position after completing a wave motion cycle. 3.66 Rip current
The current generated by the deep water force from the shore when the sea waves propagate from the open sea to the wave breaking zone. 4 Sea waves
4.1 Surge
tcewae
The waves generated by wind in the ocean. Including wind waves and swell waves evolved from them. 4.2 Wind zone
The length of the sea area blown by the wind with basically constant wind speed and wind direction. 4.3 Wind duration
The time the wind blows in the wind zone.
4.4 Minimum fetch
The length of the wind zone taken by the wind wave to grow to the maximum size at a certain wind speed and wind time. 4.5 Minimum duration
The time required for the wind wave to grow to the maximum size at a certain wind speed and wind zone. 4.6 Equivalent fetch GB/T 15920—1995
The length of the wind zone where waves of a given wave height are generated at a certain wind speed. 4.7
Equivalent wind time equivalentduration
The wind time required to generate a given wave height at a certain wind speed. 4.8 Wave height
The height difference between adjacent waves and troughs.
4.9 Significant wave
The wave height of 1/3 of the large waves measured in a certain period of time is greater than the average. 4.10 Wave period
The time interval between two adjacent crossing peaks (troughs). 4.11 Wave steepness
The ratio of wave height to wavelength.
Wave age
The ratio of wave speed to wind speed.
4.13 Wave climate
The long-term average state of ocean waves.
4.14 Capillary wave
Waves under the action of surface tension.
4.15 Gravity wave Gravitational wave Waves dominated by gravity.
4.16 Solitary wave
Waves with only one peak or trough,
Edge wave
A long wave with energy significantly concentrated on the continental shelf and a frequency higher than the inertial frequency that propagates along the coast. Shelf wave
A long wave with energy significantly concentrated on the continental shelf and a frequency lower than the inertial frequency that propagates parallel to the coast. 4.19 Shallow water wave Shallow water wave with a wavelength less than 1/2 of the wave.
Note: Otherwise specified in the project.
Deep waler wave
Waves with a depth of water greater than 1/2 of the wavelength of the universe.
4.21 Shallowing fartonRatio of the height of shallow water to the height of deep water waves during propagation. 2Shutter crested wave
Waves with a shorter crest line length and a shorter wave length. 4.23
Langcrested wave
Waves with a longer crest line length and a longer wavelength. 4.24Regular wave
Waves with different waveforms and wave elements in the wave train
4.25Irregular wave
Waves with different waveforms and wave elements in the wave train. 4.26Wash height
The height of the highest point on the bank submerged by the waves relative to the still water surface. 4.27 Ship wave ship wave
Water wave caused by a ship sailing.
4.28 Trochoidal wave
Wave shaped as a trochoidal wave.
Elliptical cosine wave nvidal wave
Wave described by elliptical numbers.
GB/15920—1995
Elliptical trochoidal wave elliptie:trochoida] wave 4.30
Wave with elliptical trochoidal waveform,
Stokes wave stokeswave
A stable, finite-amplitude, and periodic wave. Trapped wave trapped wave
A type of long wave on the continental shelf in energy research. Breaker, surf
Wave formed by waves propagating to the coast and breaking. 4. 34
Spilling breaker Waves that develop gradually as spray and foam propagate forward. 4.35
Sirging breaker Waves that develop gradually as spray and foam propagate forward. 4.36Pluaging brcakcr Waves that develop as the water body with foam oscillates back and forth. 4.37Surf zone
A zone where waves break near the coast. 4.38Wind wave
The undulation of the water surface caused by the direct action of wind. 4.39Whitecap
The concave spray on the top of the wave when the wave breaks. 4.40
Wave group
A group consisting of several waves. The amplitude of the waves in the center of the group is the largest: waves and groups propagate at different speeds. Fully developed sea4.41
A wave grows to its maximum size when the energy consumption rate is equal to the energy transfer rate. 4.42 Wave scale
Indicates the size of the waves. The higher the wave height, the higher the level. 4.43 Wave crest line
A line connecting the wave crests perpendicular to the wave direction.
4.44 Ocean wave spectrum Ocean wave specirum The distribution of wave energy relative to frequency and direction. 4.45 Directional wave spectrum Directional wave spectrum The spectrum of waves reflecting the internal directional structure.
4.46 Ocean wave reflection Ocean wave refraction The phenomenon that ocean waves propagate in the opposite direction when encountering obstacles during propagation. 4.47 Ocean wave refraction Ocean wave fraction The phenomenon that ocean waves change their propagation direction due to changes in water depth during propagation. 4.48 Ocean wave diffraction Occan wave diffraction GB/T 15920—1995
The phenomenon that ocean waves can bypass obstacles such as breakwaters or islands during propagation and propagate to their geometric shielding areas. In a general sense, wave diffraction is caused by amplitude gradient. 4.49 Swell
After the wind waves leave the wind-affected sea area, or after the wind speed drops sharply or the wind direction changes sharply in the wind-affected area, they become swell waves. 4.50 Forerunner
A long and low swell that occurs before the swell energy front arrives. 5 Tide
5. 1 Tide
The periodic rise and fall of the sea surface caused by the tidal force of celestial bodies. 5.2 Tide level
The height of the sea surface relative to the reference point when the tide occurs. 5.3 High water (HW)
The highest tide level in a tidal rise and fall cycle. Synonym: high tide.
5.4 Low water (Iw)
The lowest tide level in a tidal rise and fall cycle. Synonym: high tide.
5.5 Tidal range
The difference between adjacent high and low tides.
5.6 Floud
The process of rising tides in a tidal cycle. 5.7 Ebb
The process of falling tides in a tidal cycle. 5.8 Spring tides
After the first and full moons: until one day, the tidal range is formed by the addition of the tides caused by the moon and the sun. Synonymous: New moon tide.
5.9 Neap tides
The tide with a small tidal range formed by the subtraction of the tides caused by the moon and the sun on the dates around the first quarter (the seventh and eighth day) and the last quarter (the twenty-second and third day). Synonymous: Neap tide.
5.10 Double flood
The special tidal phenomenon of two high tides before and after the high tide occurs when the high-frequency shallow water tide is superimposed on the semi-diurnal tide. 5.11 Double ebb
Special tidal phenomenon in which two low tides occur before and after low tide due to the superposition of shallow water tide on high tide. 5.12
Still tide
In the period before and after high tide, the sea surface is in a state of equilibrium with neither rising nor falling. Watersland
In the period before and after low tide, the sea surface is in a state of equilibrium with neither rising nor falling. 5.14 Tidal rise
The vertical distance from the depth reference plane of the nautical chart to the high tide surface of the average high (low) tide. There are high tide rise and low tide rise. 5.15 Tide-genterating force The difference between the gravitational force of the moon, sun or other bodies on a unit mass object on the earth and the gravitational force on a unit mass object at the center of the earth. 5.16 Tidal potential
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