Assessing and calculation methods for the economic effect of standardization of packaging
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Assessing and calculation methodsfor the economic effect of
standardization of packaging1 Subject content and applicable scope
This standard defines the evaluation and calculation methods for the economic effect of
standardization of packaging. GB 85789
This standard applies to the evaluation and calculation of the economic effect of packaging standardization and its handling, transportation, storage, sales, etc. It is also applicable to the evaluation and calculation of the economic effect of improved packaging. 2 Reference standards
GB3533.1: Evaluation principles and calculation methods for economic effects of standardization GH3533.2 Demonstration methods for economic effects of standardization GB3533.3 Collection and processing methods for data on evaluation and calculation of economic effects of standardization GB4122 General terms for packaging
GB5033 Corrugated paper boxes for packaging of mountain products 3 Principles for evaluation and calculation of economic effects of packaging standardization 3.1 To evaluate and calculate the economic effects of packaging standardization, we must proceed from the overall interests of the national economy, take into full account the interrelated and mutually restrictive factors of various aspects, and conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the technical and economic indicators of packaging, packaging, transportation, storage and sales. 3.2 To evaluate and calculate the economic effects of packaging standardization, we should mainly use quantitative calculations. For items that cannot be quantitatively calculated, we should qualitatively explain the effects of the implementation of the project in the form of text or charts. The social effects and other effects should also be estimated. 53 When evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization, we should consider the impact of optimal packaging on ensuring product quality, increasing product value and reducing packaging costs, and also consider the safety and reliability of packaging in packaging, transportation, storage and sales. 3.4 When evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization, a dynamic calculation method should be adopted. The specific calculation formula and conversion coefficient shall be in accordance with the provisions of Appendix E of GB3533.1.
3.5 The evaluation and calculation of the economic effect of packaging standardization must be based on accurate and reliable data, and repeated calculations in different links should be avoided. 3.6 The quantitative evaluation indicators of the economic effect of packaging standardization mainly use monetary units and physical units. 4 Main factors to be considered in evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization 4.1 Packaging factors
4.1.1 Improve packaging methods, improve packaging quality, reduce the labor intensity of packaging operations, maximize the use of the volume and area of packaging containers, and reduce packaging costs.
4.1.2 Improve the design efficiency and design level of packaging products, and reduce the series and models of packaging products. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on February 25, 1989, and implemented on September 1, 1989
GB 857—89
4.1.3 Save packaging materials. Under the condition of ensuring the quality of packaging, use cheap materials instead of expensive packaging materials to reduce the cost of packaging products, reduce the energy consumption used for packaging, and recycle and reuse packaging. 4.1.4 Improve the quality of packaging products, increase the number of turnovers, prevent the pollution of packaging materials, reduce maintenance costs, and reduce testing costs. 4.1.5 Reduce the losses caused by incorrect, unclear, and chaotic markings, and reduce the manpower, time, and costs used for marking. 4-2 Other related factors
4.2.1 Loading and unloading: Rationally improve loading and unloading efficiency and reduce losses during loading and unloading. 4.2.2 Transportation: Reduce the loss of products during transportation, improve transportation efficiency, effectively use transportation tools, reduce transportation costs, and promote containerized and grouped transportation.
4.2.3 Storage: improve the utilization rate of warehouse space and volume, reduce inventory loss, reduce inventory costs, etc. 4.2.4 Sales: meet market needs, improve competitiveness + facilitate consumers to choose and use, increase sales price, increase conversion rate, etc. 5 Index system for evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization 5.1 The economic benefit of packaging standardization x is the difference between the useful effect obtained by formulating and implementing packaging standards and the labor consumption paid. The economic benefit of packaging standardization can be divided into total economic benefit x and annual economic benefit x. I
X. - J.-- ch
Formula. Annual savings. Yuan/year
K Investment in packaging standardization, yuan;
- Allocation coefficient of packaging standardization, 1/5, that is, 0.2
- Implementation period of packaging standards, year
1/piece. If the implementation period of the standard is 5 years, the apportionment coefficient is 5.2. The payback period refers to the time it takes to repay the investment with the annual savings obtained from the implementation of the packaging standard, expressed in years. =
If the investment recovery period needs months, it is expressed in H, according to my country's regulations, = K
× 12 (months), 7x ~
X 360 (days)
5.3 The reuse coefficient a., refers to the ratio of the increased number of uses of the packaging container after the implementation of the packaging standard to the original number of uses, n = no
Where: n - the number of uses of the packaging container after the implementation of the packaging standard / the number of uses of the packaging container before the implementation of the packaging standard. (3)
5.4 The economic effect coefficient of packaging standardization refers to the ratio of the total savings obtained by implementing packaging standards to the investment. For every one yuan of investment in packaging standards, the savings that can be obtained are
6 Period for evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization 6.1 When proposing planning projects
GB857-89
Before a packaging standardization project is included in the long-term plan or annual plan, a forecast of the economic effect of packaging standardization should be conducted, and the forecast results should be included in the instructions for the plan and program.
6.2 Period for reviewing and submitting packaging standards for approval
Packaging standards must be accompanied by feasibility studies and economic effect evaluation. If economic effect evaluation cannot be conducted, necessary explanations should be attached. When reviewing standards, the advancement, economy, applicability and aesthetics of various plans should be fully discussed before submitting the standards for approval. When the standards are approved, the economic effect of the draft for approval should be reviewed. 6.3 Implementation period of the standard
When implementing the packaging standard, the comparison should be made before and after the implementation of the standard, and the actual economic effect of the implementation of the standard should be calculated.
The main calculation formulas and data collection for the annual savings obtained by implementing the packaging standard are shown in Appendix A (reference). 7.211 When calculating the annual savings obtained by various packaging standards, various statistical data of relevant departments and enterprises should be used. 7.3 When calculating the annual savings obtained by various packaging standards, the data should be collected from all links where the standard takes effect (packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, storage, sales, etc.), and only those data related to the factors caused by the standard should be collected. 7.3. Collect the data on the changes in packaging costs before and after the implementation of the standard, and conduct a top-down analysis and comparison of the cost items that have a greater impact. 7.3.2 Analyze the changes in packaging quality before and after the implementation of the standard, and the changes in product sales price, sales volume and export volume caused by the changes. 7.33 Analyze the changes in the packaging damage rate and product loss rate before and after the implementation of the standard. 7.3.4 Analyze the changes in transportation costs, maintenance costs and reuse coefficients before and after the implementation of the standard. 7.4 Before and after the implementation of the packaging standard, collect in detail the changes in the consumption of active labor and materialized labor in the packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, storage, sales and other links.
7.5 When evaluating and calculating the economic effect of packaging standardization, the annual savings calculation table obtained by implementing the packaging standard should be filled in separately. Its format is as shown in Appendix B (reference) of this standard: and the packaging standardization economic effect summary table, its format is as shown in Appendix C (reference) of this standard. The original table is designed by each unit.
GB 85789
Appendix A
Main calculation formula for the economic effect of packaging standardization (review)
Savings obtained by improving the utilization rate of packaging containers, A1
mfel20
In the formula: -
Annual saving of packaging costs, yuan/year;
Unit price of packaging container (including maintenance fee), yuan/piece: D
*Three Two Number of products contained in packaging container, pieces/piece; ? One One Number of products, pieces/year:
One Utilization rate of packaging containers before and after the implementation of packaging standards, trillion; Number of packaging containers used.
Savings obtained by implementing packaging container quality standards and increasing the number of packaging containers used: A2
In the formula: Q..-Number of packaging containers, per year; n.
Ca,Cal
FD,Fw -
[(- Ga + ( --F)
-Number of times the packaging container is used before and after the implementation of the standard.times/year: before and after the implementation of the standard, the cost of a single piece of packaging container is RMB/piece: before and after the implementation of the standard, the maintenance cost of a single piece of packaging container is RMB/piece A3 Implement decoration technical conditions, improve packaging quality, improve decoration, increase sales price, increase export volume and foreign exchange income: A3. 1 Increase sales price to increase income
J.- L(D, - 0) -(0-0
Where: D... before and after the implementation of technical conditions, product sales price, RMB/piece (RMB/kg) C,01 -
before and after the implementation of technical conditions, product cost of the store, RMB/piece (RMB/k). A3.2 Improve packaging quality to increase foreign exchange income f, = Qa _ Qmfu
before and after the implementation of packaging standards, product exports, pieces/year; of: Co.O
Dn... before and after the implementation of technical conditions, product sales price, dragon/piece (RMB/kg). A3.3 Increase product sales volume to increase income
, = ( - α)
Where: Q1,01 —
-Product sales volume before and after packaging improvement, pieces/year (ks/year) Al)
·(A3)
-Product selling price, yuan/piece (yuan/kg). A4 Parameter changes of packaging containers. Reduce costs: A4.T Increase the effective volume of the packaging volume
Where: V, - the effective volume of the packaging container, m\/m,}~ - the internal volume of the packaging container + m\
- the external volume of the packaging container + m".
GB 857—89
A4.2 Reduce the outer surface of the package occupied by the unit packaging capacity S
or $
The outer surface of the package occupied by the unit packaging capacity, m*/kg; & The outer surface of the package,
-The capacity of the package + kg.
A4.3 Reduce the outer surface of the package occupied by the unit product 8
In the formula: s, the outer surface of the package occupied by the unit product, m2/piece; Q——The number of products, pieces.
A4.4 Reduce the packaging containers and auxiliary materials, auxiliary The weight of auxiliary materials Rai
In the formula: R1Haz, Reay
×100%
(kg/m)
(kg/piece)
represents the ratio of the weight of packaging container, auxiliary materials and auxiliary materials to the packaging capacity (packaging volume, product quantity);
-weight of packaging container, auxiliary materials and auxiliary materials, kg; o.packaging capacity.kg
-packaging, volume, m\
product quantity. piece.
GB 85789
A5 Implement packaging standards, improve the utilization rate of packaging materials, and reduce the consumption of packaging materials: A5.1 Savings obtained by reducing the use of expensive equipment. - Qa.(D - D)
Formula: D——Unit price of expensive equipment, yuan/kg; D—Unit price of cheap equipment. Yuan/kg+
am-Percentage of reducing the most expensive equipment;
. …Material consumption, kg.
A5.2 Savings obtained by implementing packaging standards and reducing the material consumption quota of packaging wearers Jx = Q(eoD.o eD)
Wu Zhong:
"After implementing color packaging standards, the annual output of packaging containers, pieces/year; the consumption quota of raw materials before and after implementing packaging standards, /piece, Do.Da
The unit price of raw materials before and after implementing packaging standards, yuan/kg. A5.3 Reduce the packaging materials consumed per unit wear (unit volume per unit product) Q --,,,,
the material occupancy rate per unit capacity (unit volume! unit product); the weight of the packaging container and auxiliary materials and auxiliary items, kg; Q --
packaging capacity, k;
Vpackaging volume, m
...number of products, pieces;
Hthe material consumption per unit packaging capacity, kg/kg. A6 Implement packaging standards and reduce packaging mark errors. Savings: J-(
Where: e.
Man-hour quota of packaging process before and after implementation of packaging standards, five/piece: packaging man-hour fee before and after implementation of packaging standards, yuan/h; number of packages and number of products to be marked, pieces per year; number of processes.
(A12)
-(AI4 )
(A15)
-(A16 )
GB 857 --89
A7 Increase the loading capacity and improve the utilization rate of loading, unloading, transportation and storage tools. R
Where: 1. Storage and transportation tool area occupancy rate, %; R. Utilization rate of storage and transportation tool loading capacity, %: s.
Bottom area of package, m2/piece
Number of packages placed on a "module" surface, pieces; "module\ area of pallet, storage space or transportation tool loading and unloading platform, m\;.Weight of packaging container and auxiliary materials and auxiliary items.kg; --Capacity of packaging, kgi
N\Number of layers of stacked packaging;
Number of maximum loading of transportation and storage tools, kg.A Implement packaging standards and reduce product losses in transportation and storage: A8.1 Savings obtained by reducing product damage during storage period J
Q(RR)(CZ) F
Where: 4-annual output, pieces/year;
Rea-Ra
Product loss rate before and after the implementation of packaging standards, yuan/piece; unit product cost or workload, yuan/piece: , - annual T cost of improving product integrity, yuan/year; Z. - the salvage value of a damaged unit product, yuan/piece. A8.2 Savings from reducing product transportation = Q[( - )(D-) + (o -)
Where: 0-
Czu,Ca-
-unit price of product + yuan/kg (yuan/piece); packaging equipment cost or packaging cost before and after the implementation of packaging standards, yuan/piece (yuan/xB). A8.3 Savings from improving the utilization rate of transportation tools and warehouses.e(1 -
Where:
F,-.Transportation cost of a fully loaded transport vehicle, yuan/unit;(A18)
【A19
（A22）
—the volume of a transport unit expressed in terms of the number of products, or the warehouse capacity when its load capacity is fully utilized, pieces/unit (pieces/m2);
The utilization of transport vehicles or warehouses before and after the implementation of packaging standards, %Q--the annual output of products, pieces/year.
A9Reducing packaging costs and packaging costs
GB 857---89
A9.1 Reduce the packaging cost and the share of packaging expenses in the cost C
- The share of packaging cost and packaging expenses in the cost: In the formula
Packaging cost, yuan/piece;
Packaging auxiliary material cost, yuan/piece;
Minimum number of uses;
Core one or two product cost, die/piece;
Packaging expenses, yuan/piece.
A9.2 Reduce the packaging cost of a single product
Formula: C-
Standard name
Implementing unit
- Packaging cost of a single product, yuan/piece: Product quantity, pieces.
Annual savings calculation table obtained by implementing packaging standards (reference)
Annual savings calculation table obtained by implementing packaging standards Standard number
Implementation period
Number of projects
Form filler
Form calculation formula
Person in charge
Savings (tenths) or expenditures (ones), yuan/year Form filling month period
(A23)
(A24)
Standard name
Implementing unit
Economic benefit, grams
Payback period, year (month, day)
Reuse coefficient
Economic effect coefficient
Summary unit Evaluation opinion
Form filler
GB 857
Appendix C
Summary of the economic effects of packaging standardization
(Examination document)
Summary of the economic effects of packaging standardization
Standard No.
Savings
Implementation Date
Effect Item
Economic Benefit
Supplementary Explanation,
Investment Payback Period
Year (Month).H)
Summary unit (stamp) Fill in the period
Note: If the effect items in the table cannot be expressed in monetary units, textual explanations can be used. Appendix D
Evaluation and calculation examples of the economic effects of packaging standardization (examination material)
Repeated use
Economic effect coefficient
When formulating the specifications of paper packaging boxes, the two different schemes are priced per square meter, and then the economic effect is calculated to select the one with the highest economic effect.
Choice of packaging container design scheme
Assume that there are two options for the specifications of the packaging box: Plan A 580mm×360mmX280mm
Corrugated cardboard, 720g/m wear capacity 20kgWww.bzxZ.net
Scheme B
600mm×400mm×300mm
CB 857
Corrugated cardboard 1120g/m2 capacity 25kg
According to the indicators specified in GB5033 and formulas A18, A14, A9, A7, and A23 in Appendix A (reference) of this standard, the results are as follows:
Compare the data in the above table and select the best values: Rei
BP, ARI, Aa,
Determine the numbers according to the importance of specific parameters. In this example, we take: BR, Ar, AItl as 1.00
BS as 2.00
BG as 3.00
According to the given weights, recalculate the parameters and obtain the new matrix as shown in Table D2. Table D2
The sum of the parameters of each matrix line of the two types of packaging is large, and the economic effect is large. The calculation result is 8.55 for plan A and 8.84 for plan B. Therefore, the economic benefit of plan B is high. The specification of plan B can be selected. This specification is just matched with the size of ISO3676 pallet. D2 Evaluation and calculation of economic effect
The economic benefit brought by implementing the above specifications is calculated as follows: The annual savings obtained by reducing the consumption quota of factory corrugated cardboard is calculated according to formula A13 in Appendix A (reference) of this standard. In the formula, 2-100 000! / year, Gm = 1.5m*/ piece, = 1.4m2/ piece, 0 = 0 - 10 yuan/m*5 = 1000001.5×10-1.1×10)100000 (yuan/year) In order to improve the annual savings obtained by improving the utilization of transportation tools and warehouses, it is calculated according to Formula A22 in Appendix A (reference part) of this standard, where Q-5000000 pieces/year, 2 yuan/piece. 950 pieces/piece. = 70% = 95%. 21
Jz5000000
GB 857-89
=76 000 (yuan/year)
The annual savings obtained by increasing the number of packaging boxes is calculated according to Formula A2 in Appendix 4 (reference) of this standard, where \=2 times, -1.5 times, Q. = 100 000 pieces/year, Cg - 6 yuan/piece, C - 5 yuan/piece, Fm 1 yuan/piece, Fl - 1.5 yuan/piece. Jea = 2 × 100 000
-284 000 (yuan/year)
5)-(1 -1.5)
The above calculation results are included in the calculation table of annual savings obtained by implementing the packaging standard. The economic effect of the packaging standard is evaluated: investment K = 50,000 yuan. a.
Annual economic benefit:
X, - J - aK - 460 000 - 0. 2 × 50 000-450000 (yuan/year)
Investment payback period:
Single and multiple use observation number:
d. Economic effect coefficient:
460 000
Evaluation results are included in Table D4 Summary of Packaging Economic Effects 0.11 (year)
460000
Table D3 Calculation of annual savings obtained by implementing packaging standards Standard name
Implementing unit
Formulate carton specifications
First-carton factory
Effect project
Reduce consumption quota
Increase the utilization rate of transportation tools and
warehouses
Increase the use of packaging
Filler
Formula calculation
5.. -: i(e..D. - eD.) -- 100 0001. 5 X 10-(
Standard No. 2017
Implementation Date January 1, 1986
Savings (ten) or expenditures (—) amount
Yuan/year
1. 4 × 10)
[(-g)+ (e - ))
[(No.)()
Person in charge
100000
284 000
460000
Boundary table date December 28, 1986
Formulation of carton specifications
Standard booth name
Implementing unit
First Carton Factory
Economic benefit, yuan
Investment payback period, year
Reuse coefficient, %
Economic effect coefficient
Jiang Zong unit evaluation degree see
Filler
Additional remarks:
CB 857
Table D4
Summary of economic effects of packaging standardization
Standard number 2017
50 000
Saving amount
Economic benefit
460000
50 000 460 000
450000
450000
450000
Supplementary explanation:
Implementation date January 1986
Investment recovery period
Reuse coefficient
Economic effect
High economic benefit, short investment recovery period, and reuse coefficient of 33%. This carton specification should be adopted.
Summary unit (stamp)
This standard is proposed by China National Packaging Corporation.
This standard is issued by China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The main drafter of this standard is Chen Zhitian.
Filling date December 28, 1986= 100,000 pieces/year, Cg — 6 yuan/piece, C — 5 yuan/piece, Fm 1 yuan/piece, Fl — 1.5 yuan/piece. Jea = 2 × 100,000
—284,000 (yuan/year)
5)-(1 -1.5)
The above calculation results are included in the calculation table of annual savings obtained by implementing the packaging standard. The economic effect of this packaging standard is evaluated: investment K = 50,000 yuan. a.
Annual economic benefits:
X, - J - aK - 460,000 - 0. 2 × 50,000—450,000 (yuan/year)
Investment payback period:
Single and multiple use observation number:
d. Economic effect coefficient:
460 000
Evaluation results are included in Table D4 Summary of Packaging Economic Effects 0.11 (year)
460000
Table D3 Calculation of annual savings obtained by implementing packaging standards Standard name
Implementing unit
Formulate carton specifications
First-carton factory
Effect project
Reduce consumption quota
Increase the utilization rate of transportation tools and
warehouses
Increase the use of packaging
Filler
Formula calculation
5.. -: i(e..D. - eD.) -- 100 0001. 5 X 10-(
Standard No. 2017
Implementation Date January 1, 1986
Savings (ten) or expenditures (—) amount
Yuan/year
1. 4 × 10)
[(-g)+ (e - ))
[(No.)()
Person in charge
100000
284 000
460000
Boundary table date December 28, 1986
Formulation of carton specifications
Standard booth name
Implementing unit
First Carton Factory
Economic benefit, yuan
Investment payback period, year
Reuse coefficient, %
Economic effect coefficient
Jiang Zong unit evaluation degree see
Filler
Additional remarks:
CB 857
Table D4
Summary of economic effects of packaging standardization
Standard number 2017
50 000
Saving amount
Economic benefit
460000
50 000 460 000
450000
450000
450000
Supplementary explanation:
Implementation date January 1986
Investment recovery period
Reuse coefficient
Economic effect
High economic benefit, short investment recovery period, and reuse coefficient of 33%. This carton specification should be adopted.
Summary unit (stamp)
This standard is proposed by China National Packaging Corporation.
This standard is issued by China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The main drafter of this standard is Chen Zhitian.
Filling date December 28, 1986= 100,000 pieces/year, Cg — 6 yuan/piece, C — 5 yuan/piece, Fm 1 yuan/piece, Fl — 1.5 yuan/piece. Jea = 2 × 100,000
—284,000 (yuan/year)
5)-(1 -1.5)
The above calculation results are included in the calculation table of annual savings obtained by implementing the packaging standard. The economic effect of this packaging standard is evaluated: investment K = 50,000 yuan. a.
Annual economic benefits:
X, - J - aK - 460,000 - 0. 2 × 50,000—450,000 (yuan/year)
Investment payback period:
Single and multiple use observation number:
d. Economic effect coefficient:
460 000
Evaluation results are included in Table D4 Summary of Packaging Economic Effects 0.11 (year)
460000
Table D3 Calculation of annual savings obtained by implementing packaging standards Standard name
Implementing unit
Formulate carton specifications
First-carton factory
Effect project
Reduce consumption quota
Increase the utilization rate of transportation tools and
warehouses
Increase the use of packaging
Filler
Formula calculation
5.. -: i(e..D. - eD.) -- 100 0001. 5 X 10-(
Standard No. 2017
Implementation Date January 1, 1986
Savings (ten) or expenditures (—) amount
Yuan/year
1. 4 × 10)
[(-g)+ (e - ))
[(No.)()
Person in charge
100000
284 000
460000
Boundary table date December 28, 1986
Formulation of carton specifications
Standard booth name
Implementing unit
First Carton Factory
Economic benefit, yuan
Investment payback period, year
Reuse coefficient, %
Economic effect coefficient
Jiang Zong unit evaluation degree see
Filler
Additional remarks:
CB 857
Table D4
Summary of economic effects of packaging standardization
Standard number 2017
50 000
Saving amount
Economic benefit
460000
50 000 460 000
450000
450000
450000
Supplementary explanation:
Implementation date January 1986
Investment recovery period
Reuse coefficient
Economic effect
High economic benefit, short investment recovery period, and reuse coefficient of 33%. This carton specification should be adopted.
Summary unit (stamp)
This standard is proposed by China National Packaging Corporation.
This standard is issued by China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The main drafter of this standard is Chen Zhitian.
Filling date December 28, 1986
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