This specification is applicable to all types of engineering construction, at construction sites, centralized mixing stations and prefabrication plants, unreinforced concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed reinforced concrete mixed with fly ash. GBJ 146-1990 Technical Specification for Application of Fly Ash Concrete GBJ146-1990 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for Application of Fly Ash Concrete
GBJ146—90
1991Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
WEngineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical Specification for Application of Fly Ash Concrete
GBJ146—90
Editor Department: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China Approving department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China Effective date: October 1, 1991
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on the release of the national standard "Technical Specifications for the Application of Fly Ash Concrete"
(90)Jianbiaozi No. 697
According to the requirements of the former State Planning Commission's Document No. 1 [1985], the "Technical Specifications for the Application of Fly Ash Concrete" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Water Resources and relevant departments has been reviewed by relevant departments. The "Technical Specifications for the Application of Fly Ash Concrete" GBJ146-90 is now approved as a national standard and will be implemented on October 1, 1991. The Ministry of Water Resources is responsible for the management of this standard, and its specific interpretation and other work are the responsibility of the Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute. The publication and distribution is organized by the Standard and Quota Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction. Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
December 30, 1990
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Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Preparation Instructions
This specification is compiled by the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Science in accordance with the requirements of the former State Planning Commission's (85) Jizongzi No. 1 document, and is compiled jointly with relevant units. During the compilation of this specification, the specification compilation team conducted extensive investigations and studies, carefully summarized the scientific research results and engineering practical experience of fly ash concrete in my country, referred to relevant international standards and advanced foreign standards, carried out scientific research and experimental verification work on relevant technical issues, and widely solicited opinions from relevant units across the country. Finally, our ministry reviewed and finalized it together with relevant departments.
Since this specification is compiled for the first time, during the implementation process, we hope that all units will combine engineering practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating information. If you find that there is a need for modification and supplementation, please send your opinions and relevant information to the Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (address: No. 1, Fuxing Road, Beijing, postal code: 100038) for reference in future revisions. Ministry of Water Resources
December 1, 1990
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Technical requirements for fly ash
Section 1
Quality indicators
Test methods
Section 2
Section 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Acceptance requirements
+--*------*------**--**
Technical requirements for fly ash concrete Engineering application...
Fly ash concrete mix design and
The maximum limit of fly ash replacing cement.
Section 1
Fly ash concrete mix design
Section 2 The maximum limit of fly ash replacing cement Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Appendix 2
Appendix 3Www.bzxZ.net
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Construction of fly ash concrete
Inspection of fly ash concrete
Test method for fly ash fineness
Test method for water demand ratio of fly ash
(（6）
Calculation method of fly ash concrete mix ratio
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Term explanation
Explanation of terms used in this specification
Additional explanation
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: (20)
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Chapter 1 General
Article 1.0.1 In order to correctly and reasonably apply fly ash in concrete so that it can improve concrete performance, improve engineering quality, save cement, reduce concrete costs, save resources and other requirements after being added to concrete, and to meet the needs of capital construction development, this specification is specially formulated.
Article 1.0.2 This specification is applicable to unreinforced concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed reinforced concrete mixed with fly ash in various types of engineering construction at construction sites, centralized mixing stations and prefabrication plants.
It is not applicable to building mortar and fly ash used as an admixture carrier. . Article 1.0.3 The application of fly ash concrete, in addition to the implementation of the provisions of this specification, shall also comply with the provisions of the relevant national standards and specifications. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Chapter 2
Technical requirements for fly ash
Section 1 Quality indicators
Article 2.1.1 The quality indicators of fly ash used in concrete are divided into three grades. Its quality indicators shall comply with Table 2. 1.1. Grading of fly ash quality indicators (%)
Quality indicators
Fly ash grade
(45um square hole
sieve residue)
Loss on ignition
Water requirement ratio
《115
Sulfur trioxide content
The moisture content of fly ash obtained by dry discharge method should not be greater than 1%; Article 2.1.2
The quality of fly ash obtained by wet discharge method should be uniform. Article 2.1.3 Fly ash mainly used to improve the workability of concrete may not be restricted by this specification.
Section 2 Test Methods
Article 2.2.1 The fineness of fly ash shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 1 of this specification "Fly ash fineness test method (air flow screening method)".
Article 2.2.2 The ignition loss, sulfur trioxide content and water content of fly ash shall be determined in accordance with the current national standard "Cement Chemical Analysis Method". Engineering 2 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Article 2.2.3 The test method for the water demand ratio of fly ash shall be determined in accordance with the test method specified in Appendix 2 of this specification.
Section 3 Acceptance Requirements
Article 2.3.1 The ash-using unit shall conduct batch inspection of fly ash in accordance with this specification. Each batch of fly ash shall have a factory certificate of the ash supply unit, and the content of the certificate shall include: factory name, certificate number, fly ash grade, batch number and factory date, fly ash quantity and quality inspection results, etc.
Article 2.3.2 The sampling of fly ash shall be based on 200t of the same grade of fly ash supplied continuously as a batch: less than 200t shall be counted as a batch. Article 2.3.3 The sampling of fly ash shall comply with the following provisions: 1. For the sampling of bulk ash, 15 samples shall be taken from different parts of each batch, each sample shall not be less than 1kg, and the mixing shall be uniform. Samples twice the test amount shall be taken according to the quartering method.
2. For the sampling of bagged ash, 10 bags shall be randomly selected from each batch, and the samples taken from each bag shall not be less than 1kg. The samples shall be taken according to the first paragraph of this article. Article 2.3.4 The fineness and loss on ignition of each batch of fly ash samples shall be measured. The water demand ratio of the same ash supply unit shall be measured once a month, and the sulfur trioxide content shall be measured once a quarter.
Article 2.3.5 The quality inspection of fly ash shall comply with the various quality indicators of fly ash stipulated in this specification. When one indicator fails to meet the specified requirements, double sampling shall be taken from the same batch for re-inspection. If the requirements are still not met after re-inspection, the batch of fly ash shall be treated as unqualified or downgraded.
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Chapter 3 Engineering Application of Fly Ash Concrete Article 3.0.1 Fly ash can be used in concrete engineering according to the following provisions based on the grade:
1. Grade I fly ash is suitable for reinforced concrete and prestressed reinforced concrete with a span of less than 6m.
2. Grade I fly ash is suitable for reinforced concrete and unreinforced concrete. 3. Sub-grade fly ash is mainly used for unreinforced concrete. For unreinforced fly ash concrete with a design strength grade of C30 and above, grade I and II fly ash should be used. 4. The grade of fly ash used for prestressed reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete and unreinforced concrete with a design strength grade of C30 and above may be one level lower than the first, second and third paragraphs of this article if verified by experiments. Article 3.0.2 When fly ash is used in prestressed reinforced concrete with a span of less than 6m, the strength of the fly ash concrete must reach the strength grade specified in the design before the prestress is relaxed, and must not be less than 20MPa.
Article 3.0.Article 3 Fly ash should be used in the preparation of pumping concrete, mass concrete, impermeable structural concrete, sulfate and soft water erosion resistant concrete, steam-cured concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete, underground engineering concrete, underwater engineering concrete, grouting concrete and roller compacted concrete.
Article 3.0.4 Fly ash can be used with various admixtures at the same time according to the different requirements of various projects and various construction conditions. The adaptability and reasonable dosage of admixtures should be determined by experiments.
Article 3.0.5 When fly ash is used in the following concrete, corresponding measures should be taken: 1. When fly ash is used in concrete that requires high freeze-thaw resistance, air entraining agent must be added.
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2. When fly ash concrete is constructed under low temperature conditions, early strength agent or antifreeze agent that is harmless to fly ash concrete should be added, and appropriate insulation measures should be taken; 3. Fly ash concrete used for early demoulding and early loading should be mixed with high-efficiency water reducing agent, early strength agent and other admixtures.
Article 3.0.6 For reinforced concrete mixed with fly ash, restrictions on chloride admixtures should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for the Application of Concrete Admixtures".
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 4 Fly ash concrete mix design and the maximum limit of fly ash replacing cement
Section 1 Fly ash concrete mix design Article 4.1.1 The design strength grade, strength guarantee rate, standard deviation and deviation coefficient of fly ash concrete should be the same as those of the benchmark concrete, and their values ​​should be implemented in accordance with the current relevant national standards and specifications.
Article 4.1.2 The age of the design strength grade of fly ash concrete should be 28d for above-ground projects: 28d or 60d for ground projects: 60d or 90d for underground projects: 90d or 180d for large-volume concrete projects. Under the condition of meeting the design requirements, the fly ash concrete used in the above projects can also adopt a corresponding longer age for its strength grade.
Article 4.1.3 The addition of fly ash to concrete can be carried out by equal replacement method, excess replacement method and external addition method. The design of fly ash concrete mix ratio shall be calculated according to the absolute volume method, and its calculation method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix 3 of this code. Article 4.1.4 When the design of fly ash concrete mix ratio adopts the excess replacement method, the excess coefficient can be selected according to Table 4.1.4; when the concrete has a large excess strength or a large volume of concrete is prepared, the equal replacement method can be adopted. When the main purpose is to improve the workability of concrete, the excess coefficient of fly ash
Fly ash grade
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Excess coefficient
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can adopt the external addition method.
Article 4.1.5
When the moisture content of fly ash is greater than 1%, it should be deducted from the water content of fly ash concrete mix ratio. When air-entraining agent is added to fly ash concrete, the added air volume shall be deducted from the concrete volume in the mix design. Section 2 Maximum Limit of Fly Ash Substituting for Cement Article 4.2.1 The maximum limit of fly ash replacing cement in various concretes (by weight) shall comply with the provisions of Table 4.2.1. Maximum Limit of Fly Ash Substituting for Cement
Maximum Limit of Fly Ash Substituting for Cement (%)
Types of Concrete
Prestressed Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
High Strength Concrete
High Freeze-Thaw Resistance Concrete
Steam-cured Concrete
Medium and Low Strength Concrete
Pumped Concrete
Massive Concrete
Underwater Concrete
Underground concrete
Grouting concrete
Roller compacted concrete
Silicate
Ordinary silicate
Brine cement
Slag silicate
Brine cement
Pozzolanic silicate
Brine cement
Article 4.2.2 When the thickness of the steel bar protective layer in reinforced concrete is less than 5cm, the maximum limit of fly ash replacing cement should be reduced by 5% compared with the provisions of Table 4.2.1. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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