Some standard content:
GB 16409—1996
This standard is compiled based on the development and demand of domestic plate heat exchangers. On the basis of ZBJ74001-87 "Technical Conditions for Detachable Plate Heat Exchangers", it adds materials, design, test methods, gaskets and other contents, and retains the effective clauses in ZBJ74001-87. Compared with ZBJ74001--87, this standard mainly adds the following contents: Chapter 2
Cited Standards;
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Appendix A
Appendix B
General Principles;
Material;
Design;
Gaskets for Plate Heat Exchangers;
Determination of Thermal Performance and Fluid Resistance Characteristics of Plate Heat Exchanger Products; Appendix C Thickness of Plate Heat Exchanger Pressing Plates.
This standard shall replace ZBJ74001-87 from the date of entry into force. Appendix A is the appendix of the standard. bZxz.net
Appendix B and Appendix C are both indicative appendices. This standard is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Pressure Vessels. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Heat Exchange Equipment Subcommittee of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Pressure Vessels. The drafting units of this standard are: Lanzhou Petroleum Machinery Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry and Harbin University of Architecture. The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Shuming, Zhou Wenxue, Chen Yang, and Zou Pinghua. 484
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Plate heat exchanger
Plate heat exchanger
GB16409-1996
This standard specifies the design, manufacture, inspection and acceptance requirements of detachable plate heat exchangers (referred to as plate heat exchangers). This standard applies to plate heat exchangers with a design pressure not exceeding 2.5MPa, and its design temperature range should not exceed the allowable operating temperature of the gasket material.
2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB699—88 Technical conditions for high quality carbon structural steel GR 700--88
Carbon structural steel
GB/T983--1995 Technical conditions for stainless steel welding rods
Casting aluminium alloys
GB 1173—86
GB1220--92
GB 2041-
GB 3077—88
GB 3274—88
GB 3280
GB 362183
GB 3624--83
GB 3625—83
GB 4237-. 92
Stainless steel bars
Brass plates
Technical conditions for alloy structural steels
Hot-rolled thick plates and strips of carbon structural steels and low-alloy structural steels Cold-rolled stainless steel plates
Titanium and titanium alloy plates
Titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes
Seamless titanium pipes for heat exchangers and condensers
Hot-rolled stainless steel plates
GB/T5117-1995Carbon steel welding rods
Carbon and low-alloy steel thick plates for pressure vessels GB 6654—1995
Seamless steel pipes for conveying fluids
GB 8163—87
GB 13296--91
Stainless steel seamless pipes for boilers and heat exchangers GB/T14845-93 Titanium plates for plate heat exchangers GB/T14976---94 Stainless steel seamless pipes for fluid transportation JB4726--94 Carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for pressure vessels JB4727-94 Carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings for low-temperature pressure vessels JB4728-94 Stainless steel forgings for pressure vessels JB4730--94 Nondestructive testing of pressure vessels
Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on May 28, 1996 and implemented on October 1, 1996
3 General provisions
GB 16409-1996
3.1 In addition to complying with this standard and relevant national regulations, the design and manufacture of plate heat exchangers shall also comply with the requirements of the drawings. 3.2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.2.1 Calculated heat transfer area of a single plate
The expanded area of the plate participating in the heat transfer on the inner side of the gasket. Calculated according to formula (1): a=Φ·ai
Where: α—-Calculated heat transfer area of a single plate, m\;—-Expansion coefficient, the ratio of the expanded area of the plate to the projected area, calculated according to formula (2): Where: t-
Expanded length of the corrugation pitch, mm;
Corrugation pitch (as shown in Figure 1), mm:
The projected area of the plate participating in the heat transfer on the inner side of the gasket, m2 Note: If the corrugation pitch of the guide area and the corrugation area is significantly different, the heat transfer areas of the guide area and the corrugation area should be calculated separately and the two should be added. Figure 1
3.2.2 Nominal heat transfer area of a single plate
The rounded calculated heat transfer area of a single plate. 3.2.3 Plate spacing
The average distance b between two adjacent plates of a plate heat exchanger, as shown in Figure 1. 3.2.4 The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inter-plate channel of four times the equivalent diameter De
to its wetted perimeter. 3.2.5 Heat exchange area of heat exchanger
The product of the number of effective heat exchange plates in the entire plate heat exchanger (the total number of plates minus 2) after rounding and the calculated heat exchange area of a single plate. The heat exchange area is calculated according to formula (3):
A a(Np— 2) ·
Where: A
Heat exchange area, m2;
N. Total number of plates.
(3)
3.2.6Pressures are gauge pressures unless otherwise specified. 3.2.7 Working pressure
GB16409-1996
The highest pressure that may appear on any side of the plate heat exchanger under normal working conditions. 3.2.8 Design pressure
The pressure used to ensure the normal working of the plate heat exchanger under the corresponding design temperature. The pressure value shall not be lower than the working pressure. 3.2.9 Design temperature
The set element temperature of the plate heat exchanger under normal working conditions and corresponding design pressure shall not be lower than the highest temperature that the element surface may reach under working conditions; for plate heat exchangers working below 0℃, the design temperature shall not be higher than the lowest temperature that the element surface may reach. In any case, the temperature of the element surface shall not exceed the allowable use temperature of the element material. : The design temperature marked on the drawing and nameplate is the design temperature of the gasket. 3.2.10 Plate thickness
The standard thickness of the plate marked on the drawing. 3.2.11 Flow channel
The medium flow channel composed of adjacent plates in the plate heat exchanger. 3.2.12 Flow
A set of flow channels in a plate heat exchanger where the medium flows in one direction. 3.2.13 Flow combination
The configuration of the flow channels and flow channels in a plate heat exchanger is expressed as: M,×N,+M,×N2++M,×N
mi Xni+ m2 X nz + -*-+ mi X n; Where: M,M2,.M refers to the number of flows with the same number of channels on the hot fluid side starting from the fixed clamping plate; N..N2,,N,- refers to the number of channels corresponding to the M,Mz,,M. flow; mi.m2,,mi
n $nz,,n;-
refers to the number of flows with the same number of channels on the cold fluid side starting from the fixed clamping plate; refers to m,m2,…,m; the number of channels corresponding to the flow in the flow. 3.3 Main parts and components of plate heat exchangers The names of the main parts and components of typical plate heat exchangers are shown in Figure 2. 487
Upper guide rod
Fixed pressing plate
Middle partition rolling mechanism
3.4 Classification and code of plate heat exchanger
GB16409—1996
Movable pressing plate
3.4.1 The commonly used plate corrugation forms of plate heat exchangers are shown in Table 1. Sequence
Corrugation form
Herringbone corrugation (Figure 3, Figure 4)
Horizontal straight corrugation (Figure 5)
Spherical corrugation (Figure 6)
Oblique corrugation (Figure 7)
Vertical corrugation (Figure 8)
Lower guide rod/clamping stud
Note: The fluid can flow diagonally or unilaterally on the plate surface. Figures 3, 5, 7, and 8 show diagonal flows, and Figures 4 and 6 show unilateral flows. 188
3.4.2 The frame type of plate heat exchanger is shown in Table 2. Sequence
GB16409-1996
Frame type
Double-support frame type (Figure 9)
Double-support frame type with middle partition (Figure 10)Three-support frame type with middle partition (Figure 11)Cantilever type (Figure 12)
Top rod type (Figure 13)
Top rod type with middle partition (Figure 14)
Moveable pressing plate floor type (Figure 15)
GB 16409-1996
3.5 Plate heat exchanger model representation method
GB 16409--1996
Frame structure type code (see Table 2)
-Gasket material code [see Appendix A (Standard Appendix) Table A1]Heat exchange area of heat exchanger, m
Design pressure, MPa
Nominal heat exchange area of single plate, m
Plate corrugation type code (see Table 1)
Plate heat exchanger code (B, BL or BZ)
1When the frame structure type is 1, the frame structure type code can be omitted. 2B—plate heat exchanger code; BL—plate condenser code; BZ—plate evaporator code. Example 1:
The corrugation form is herringbone, the nominal heat exchange area of a single plate is 0.3m2, the design pressure is 1.6MPa, the heat exchange area is 15m2, and the plate heat exchanger with a double-support frame structure sealed with a nitrile gasket is represented by the model: BR0.3-1.6-15-NI or BR0.3-1.6-15-NExample 2:
The corrugation form is horizontal straight corrugation, the nominal heat exchange area of a single plate is 1.0m2, the design pressure is 1.0MPa, the heat exchange area is 100m2, and the plate heat exchanger with a double-support frame structure with an intermediate partition is sealed with an EPDM gasket. Its model is represented by: BP1.0-1.0-100-EI
3.6 Allowable stress of studs
The allowable stress of studs at different temperatures shall be selected according to Table 3. For materials other than those in Table 3, the allowable stress is determined by dividing the yield point o at the design temperature of the steel by the safety factor n in Table 4. -191
Steel Standard
Q235-A
30CrMoA
35CrMoA
GB 699
GB3077
GB 3077
GB 3077
Steel Use
GB16409—1996
Normal Temperature Strength Index
Stud Specifications
≤M20
M24~M27
≤M22
M24~M48
≤M22
M24~M36
≤M22
M24~M48
M52~M56
M24~M48
M52~M80
M85~M105
1The allowable stress value at the intermediate temperature can be obtained by interpolation. 2.45# steel is only used for clamping studs.
Carbon steel
Low alloy steelMartensitic high alloy steel
Austenitic high alloy steel
Hydraulic test
Stud diameter
≤M22
M24~M48
≤M22
M24~M48
≥M52
≤M22
M24~M48
Heat treatment state
Hot rolling, normalizing
Allowable stress at the following temperatures (℃)
［o],MPa
Yield point at design temperature
g. Safety factor n.
GB16409—1996
3.7.1 The hydraulic test pressure is 1.25 times the design pressure. 3.7.2 The hydraulic test shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Article 6.3. 4 Materials
4.1 The materials used for the main parts of the plate heat exchanger must take into account the use conditions of the heat exchanger (such as: design temperature, design pressure, medium characteristics and operating characteristics, etc.), the welding performance, processing performance and economic rationality of the materials. 4.2 The materials of the main parts of the plate heat exchanger shall comply with the provisions of Table 5. The performance of materials other than those in Table 5 shall not be lower than that of the materials in Table 5, and shall also comply with the corresponding standards. 4.3 The materials and welding materials used for the plates, clamping plates, studs, flanges, pipes, gaskets, etc. of the plate heat exchanger must have a material quality certificate or its copy.
4.4 When the flange of the plate heat exchanger is made of carbon steel, low alloy steel forgings and stainless steel forgings, it shall be selected according to the I level specified in JB4726, JB4727 and JB4728, and indicated on the drawing (the grade symbol shall be attached after the steel number, such as 20I, 0Cr18Ni91). 4.5 The welding materials for plate heat exchangers shall comply with the requirements of GB/T983 or GB/T5117. Table 5
Main parts name
Pressure plate
Middle partition
Material brand or material name
1Cr18Ni9
OCr18Ni9
00Cr19Ni10
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
00Cr17Ni14M02
HSn62-1
Q235-A·F
Q235-A
Q235-A·F
Q235-A
Q235-B
Steel same as pressure plate
Material standard
GB3280
GB/T 14845
GB2041
GB 699
GB1220
GB6654
GB3274
Material standard is the same as the compression plate
GB1173
GB 16409
—1996
Table 5 (end)
Main component names
Clamping studs
Material grade or material name
oCr18Nig
0Cr18Ni10Ti
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
00Cr17Ni14Mo2
1Cr18Ni9Ti
Q235-A
Q235-B
20, 35, 16Mn
OCr18Ni10Ti
OCr18Ni9
0Cr 17Ni12Mo2
00Cr17Ni14Mo2
TA1, TA2
20D, 16MD
Q235-A
30CrMoA
35CrMoA
Nitrile rubber
Chloroprene rubber
EPDM rubber
Silicone rubber
Fluororubber
Asbestos fiberboard
Q235-A·F
Q235-A
Note: The clamping plate can be coated with 1Cr18Ni9.0Cr18Ni90Cr17Ni12Mo2 stainless steel. 5 Design
Material standards
GB 8163
GB 13296 or
GB/T 14976
GB13296
GB3624 or
GB3625
GB 700
JB4726
GB4237 or
JB4728
GB3621
JB4727
GB700 or
GB3077
According to Appendix A
According to order contract requirements
GB 700
5.1 Symbol
A. - The minimum total cross-sectional area of the clamping stud required in the preloaded state, calculated by the thread minor diameter or the minimum diameter of the unthreaded part, whichever is smaller, mm2;
GB 16409-1996
Ab - The total cross-sectional area of the clamping stud actually used, calculated by the thread minor diameter or the minimum diameter of the unthreaded part, whichever is smaller, mm?;
Am--The total cross-sectional area of the clamping stud required, mm; Ap - The minimum total cross-sectional area of the clamping stud required in the working state, calculated by the thread minor diameter or the minimum diameter of the unthreaded part, whichever is smaller, mm2;
az\The projected area of the plate contained by the center line of the gasket groove, mm2B-The effective sealing width of the gasket (see Figure 17),mm; b-plate spacing (see 3.2.3), mm;
b-the distance from the inner side of the fixed clamping plate to the point where the middle partition plate acts on its own weight, mm; b2-the distance from the inner side of the fixed clamping plate to the point where the movable clamping plate acts on its own weight, mm; C-the distance from the point where the middle partition plate acts on its own weight to the inner side of the pillar, mm; C2-the distance from the point where the movable clamping plate acts on its own weight to the inner side of the pillar, mm; d-the minor diameter of the clamping stud or the minimum diameter of the unthreaded part, whichever is smaller, mm; E-the elastic modulus of the upper guide rod material at the design temperature (see Table 6), MPa; Table 6
Elastic modulus of carbon steel (c≤0.3%)
carbon steel (c>0.3%), carbon-manganese steel
high chromium steel (Cr13～Cr17)
at the following temperatures (℃), ×103100
F. =- the static pressure of the fluid acting on a2, calculated according to formula (17), N; 191
F,- the minimum gasket clamping force required under working conditions, calculated according to formula (18), N; Fi- the deadweight of the intermediate partition, N;
F2- the deadweight of the movable clamping plate, N;
f- the deflection of the midpoint of the span caused by the load on the upper guide rod, mm; fi-- the deflection of the midpoint of the span caused by the deadweight of the upper guide rod, mm; 150
f2- the deflection of the midpoint of the span of the upper guide rod caused by the gravity of the plate and the medium filled (water or other fluid with a larger density), mm; fs- the deflection of the midpoint of the span of the upper guide rod caused by the deadweight of the intermediate partition, mm; f. =Deflection of the midpoint of the upper guide rod span caused by the deadweight of the movable clamping plate, mm; H - distance between the inner sides of the upper and lower guide rods, mm; J - moment of inertia of the upper guide rod, mm\;
L - clamping size, distance from the inner side of the fixed clamping plate to the inner side of the movable clamping plate, mm, calculated according to formula (4): L = (S.+b)N+nS,
L - guide rod length (distance from the inner side of the fixed clamping plate to the inner side of the support), mm; Lz - clamping stud length, mm;
1 - unfolded length of the center line of the gasket, mm; lh - plate length, mm
m - gasket coefficient, rubber: m=1; asbestos: m=2; N, - total number of plates;
(4)
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