Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Comprehensive Oceanography Terminology
Oceanography gcneral terminology1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the definition of comprehensive oceanography terminology. GB/T 1591B—1995
This standard is applicable to the compilation of relevant teaching materials, books and periodicals, the formulation of relevant standards and technical documents, and the translation of documents. 2. Marine sciences
2.1 Marine sciences
mrine sciences, ocean sciences is a knowledge system that studies the natural phenomena, organisms, evolution laws of the ocean's water bodies, bottoms, coasts, and the ocean's adjacent atmosphere, as well as the development, utilization and management of the ocean, and is an important part of earth science. 2-2 Oceanography
Eanography.ccEanology
A discipline that studies the natural phenomena, organisms, and laws of change of the ocean and its interaction with the atmosphere, coasts, and seabeds. 2. 2. 1
Marine physics
The discipline that studies the physical characteristics of the ocean and the laws of its changes. 2.2.25
Physical oceanography
The discipline that studies the movement of seawater, its temperature and salinity structure, and its interaction with the atmosphere using the principles and methods of physics. Marine meteorology
2.2.3 Marine meteorology
The discipline that studies atmospheric phenomena, weather processes, and the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean over the ocean and its adjacent areas. 2. 2. 4
Marine geology
Marine geology
The discipline that studies the geological characteristics and evolution history of the coast and seabed. Including topography and landforms, sedimentary processes, tectonic evolution, and the formation and utilization of seabed mineral resources.
Marine chemistry
marine cheinistry
The discipline that studies the chemical composition, chemical properties, chemical processes, fluxes on various interfaces and chemical problems in the development and utilization of seawater resources of various substances in the ocean.
2.2.6Marine biology
marine biolagy
The discipline that studies all life phenomena in the ocean and the laws of their occurrence and development. 2.2.7
Marine ecology
marine ecology
The discipline that studies the relationship between marine organisms and the marine environment. 2.2.8Regional oceanography
regional ceanography
The discipline that comprehensively studies various marine phenomena in a sea area. 2.2.9Fisheriex oceanugraphy
Fisheriex oceanugraphy
The discipline that studies the physical, chemical and bottom factors of swimming and the relationship between the survival, migration and distribution of marine organisms. 2.2.10 Satellite oceanography
sutellite occanography
A discipline that studies the theory and methods of using satellites to explore the ocean, the processing, transmission and use of satellite data, and the application of satellites in oceanographic research and ocean forecasting. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 20, 1995 and implemented on August 1, 1996.
2.2.11 Paleooceanography
CB/T 15918-1995
paleoceanography
A discipline that studies the marine environment and events and their evolution during the geological history period. 2.2.12 Marine Environmental Sciences
marine environmental sciencesA discipline that studies various pollutants in the marine environment, pollution sources, pollution diffusion mechanisms, causes and consequences of pollution, pollution control and prevention, etc.
2.2.13 Marine technology
Inarine fechnology
Various skills and equipment used to study, develop and protect the ocean. 2.2.14 Marine engineering
Occan engineering
A comprehensive technical discipline that applies marine science and engineering technology to study, develop and protect the ocean. 3 Oceans and seas
The main part of the vast salt water bodies on the surface of the earth. 3.1.1 Pacific Ocean
Pacific Okean
The most populous and deepest ocean on Earth, with the most marginal seas and islands. It stretches from the Bering Strait in the north to Antarctica in the south. It is separated from the Western Ocean by a line from Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America to Antarctica Island in the southeast. Its southwestern border starts from the northern end of the Strait of Malacca along the southern coast of Sumatra, Java Island, and Nusa Tenggara Islands to Buj in the south of New Guinea Island, across the Torres Strait to the edge of Cape York in Australia, and the meridian (14651E) from the southeast corner of Tasmania to Antarctica, and is separated from the Indian Ocean. It has an area of about 1786.8×10km2 and an average depth of 3957m
3.1.2 Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic: Ocean
The second largest ocean on Earth. It is bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north by the Iceland-Faroe Hill and the Wavell-Thomson Hitzen; it borders Antarctica to the south, the Indian Ocean to the southeast by the meridian passing through Cape Agulhas in South Africa to Antarctica; and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest by a line from Cape Horn at the southern tip of South America to the Antarctic Peninsula. It communicates with the Pacific Ocean in the west through the Panama Canal between North and South America; and with the Red Sea, a subsidiary sea of the Indian Ocean, through the Strait of Gibraltar between Europe and Africa, and the Suez Canal between Asia and Africa in the east. It covers an area of about 916.55×10km2. The average depth is 3597m. 3.1.3 Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ucean
The smallest and shallowest ocean on Earth, located at the northernmost end of the Earth, surrounded by Asia, Africa and North America, with a perennial ice sheet, an area of about 147.88×10km2, and an average depth of 1097m3.1.4 Southern Ocean
Southern Ocean
A body of water with no land boundary in the north and no fixed area, composed of the southern seas and parts of the South Pacific, South Atlantic and South Indian Oceans.
The marginal part of the vast and connected water bodies on the Earth's surface surrounded or separated by land, reefs and peninsulas. 3-2. 1 Botrai Sea
The Chinese inland sea is bounded by the line from the west corner of Laotie Mountain at the southern end of Huidong Peninsula, through the southern end of Miaodao Island to the Lianlai Cape at the northern end of Shandong Peninsula, with an area of 7.7×10km2* and an average depth of 18m. 3.2.2 Yellow Sea The Yellow Sea (Yellow Sea) is a flat, closed, shallow sea located between the Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula. It is adjacent to the Korean Peninsula in the east, the Chinese mainland in the west, and the Bohai Sea in the northwest, connected by a line from the western corner of Tieshan at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula through the southern tip of the Miaodao Islands to the Lianlai Cape at the northern tip of the Shandong Peninsula. It is bounded by the East China Sea in the south, connected by a line from Qidongzui on the northern shore of the Yangtze River Estuary to the southwest corner of Jeju Island. It has an area of 38×10*km2 and an average water depth of 44m. Doighri Sea (Bast China Sea)
3.2.3 East China Sea
Located to the east of the Chinese mainland, it is bounded by a line from Yingdongzui on the northern shore of the Yangtze River Estuary to the Yellow Sea, and by the Jizhou Sea in the northwest and northeast. 15918--1995
The line from the eastern end of Taiwan Island to Cape Nomo on Kyushu Island is the boundary with the Korea Strait; to the east, it is bounded by the Ryukyu Islands of Kyushu and Taiwan Island, and to the south, it is bounded by the South China Sea, with an area of 77×10*km\ and an average water depth of 370m. 3- 2.4 South China Sea The South China Sea is located at the four ends of the Pacific Ocean, bordering the Chinese mainland to the north, the Philippine Islands to the east, the Liman Islands and Sumatra to the south, the Mami Peninsula and the northeast of the Indochina Peninsula to the west, and the East China Sea to the line from the southern tip of Dongshan Island to the southern tip of Taiwan Island. It is connected to the Pacific Ocean through the Batu Strait, the Balinpu Strait and the Babuyan Strait, and to the Sulu Sea in the southeast through the Mindoro Strait and the Wirabag Sea Block, and to the Cawa Sea in the south through the Karimata Strait and the Spa Strait, and to the Indian Ocean in the southwest through the Strait of Malacca. The area is about 25×10°m, the average depth is 1212m, and the sea area has a distinct tropical marine climate. supretitlel zone
3.2.5 supratidal zonewwW.bzxz.Net
The area above the average high tide level, where the seawater of the extreme tide and storm surge can flood and splash the seawater of the turbulent waves. interidal zone
3.2.6 intertidal zone
The area between the average high tide level and the average low tide level. 3. 2.7E
Subtidal zone
Subtidal zone
The tidal flat area extending to the sea below the low tide level.4Ocean development and management
4.1Oceanographic survey, oceanographic investigationThe scientific activities of observing, collecting and studying the natural phenomena, natural resources and environmental conditions in the ocean.4.2Marine environmental forecastingNarine environmental predictionMake qualitative or quantitative predictions of the future ocean hydrological conditions and ocean motion conditions of a certain sea based on observation data and specific methods.
4.3Marine environmental monitoringThe systematic observation and monitoring of the key points or indicators of the marine environment in a planned manner. 4.4 Marine environmental protection All activities that use scientific, administrative, legal and other means to manage and regulate the ocean environment, prevent and control marine pollution, and protect and improve the marine ecological environment.
4.5 High Energy Marine Environment
High Energy Marine EnvironmentmcntAreas along the coast where the seawater moves violently and the seabed topography is very unstable. 4.6 Marine Resources
marine resources
The general term for natural substances, energy and space that can be used by humans in coastal areas and sea atolls. 4.7 Marine Development
Ocan Txploitation
All activities that use various technical means and facilities to develop and utilize various oceans and transform the potential value of the oceans into actual economic value, social benefits and ecological benefits.
4.8 Marine Management
Ocran Mathagement
Coastal countries use laws, policies, administration and economic means to provide guidance, coordination and control to the natural environment, marine resources, marine facilities and marine activities in the sea areas under their jurisdiction, safeguard the country's marine rights and interests, promote marine development, protect marine environmental resources, and ensure marine safety and economic interests.
4.9 Law of the Sea of the sea
It is a legal marine document that establishes the legal status of various marine areas and the rights of various countries in various marine areas. It is a legal marine document for navigation, resource development, scientific research, environmental protection and marine management. 4.10 Territorial sea
territorial ses
A sea area of a certain width adjacent to the land territory, internal waters or archipelagic waters of a coastal country and under the sovereign jurisdiction of the coastal country. 4.11 Continental shelf
Continental shelflefal
GB/T 15918
The seabed and bottom area of the submarine area beyond the territorial sea of a coastal country, extending to the edge of the continent according to the entire natural extension of its land territory, and its width is determined by the seabed and bottom area defined in Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. 4.12 Exclusive economic zone
exclusive eronomic zone
A sea area beyond the territorial sea of a coastal country, with a width not exceeding 370km (200nm) from the territorial sea line. 4.13 Marine policy
marine policy
The national standards, strategies, guidelines, development plans and action guidelines formulated by coastal countries to achieve the development of their marine affairs and to deal with foreign relations.
wArctic Ocean
Intertidal zone
Supratidal zone·
Subtidal zone·
Continental shelf (French)
Atlantic Ocean．
East China Sea·
Paleooceanography
Marine geology
Marine survey·
Law of the sea
Marine high energy environment-
Sea floating engineering
Marine management·
Marine chemistry
Marine environmental protection
Marine environmental monitoring
Marine environmental science
Marine environment bulletin
Marine technology
GB/T 15918—1995
Chinese index
(reference)
Marine development
Marine science·
++*++++++++++ 4. 4
Marine meteorology
Marine ecology．
Marine biology·
Ocean physics
Oceanography
Maritime policy
Marine resources
Yellow Sea·
Southern Ocean·
South China Sea·
Regional oceanography
Pacific Ocean
Satellite oceanography
Physical oceanography
Fisheries oceanography
Exclusive economic zone
++**+*+******++*+*+ 3. 2. 2
.** 4. 12
Aretic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Bohai Sea
Canticentral shelf
Tanghai Sea
exelusivc eesnomic zonc
fisheries oceanography
high emergent marine environmentHuanghai Sea
intertidal zone
law af the sea
marins biology
marine chemistry
marine ecology
++++++
marine cnvironmental forecastingmarine environmental monitoring:marine environmental protectionmarine environmental sciencesGB/T 15918-1995|| tt | explaitation
ocean mangement
oceanographic investigationoccanographic suvvey
oceanography
oceanology
ocean sciences
Pacific Ocean
paleaceanography
phygical oceanography
regionsl cceanography
satellite oceanography||tt ||south China sea
Southern Ocean
subtidal zonc
supratidal zone
teritorial sea
GB/T 15918—1995
.. 3. 1. 4
- 3. 2.7
Additional Notes:
This standard is proposed by the State Oceanic Administration.
GB/T15918—1995
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology. This standard is drafted by the National Center for Marine Standards and Metrology and the National Marine Information Center. The main drafters of this standard are Niu Yinyi and Yue Xiujun.
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