This standard specifies the production environment requirements and production technology management measures for pollution-free spinach. This standard applies to pollution-free spinach production. NY/T 5090-2002 Technical regulations for pollution-free spinach production NY/T5090-2002 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS 65. 020. 20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5090—2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07~25 Issued
Technical Specification for Spinach Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5090--2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Foreword
The drafting units of this standard are: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Hebei Plant Protection Station, Zhejiang Plant Protection Station, and Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
The main drafters of this standard are: Yan, Li Baoju, Yang Yanjie, Yu Yijun, and Zhu Enlin. 182
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free food spinach
This standard specifies the production environment requirements and production management measures for pollution-free food spinach. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free food spinach. 2 Normative references
NY/T 5090-
—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standards
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of PesticidesGB16715.5—1999 Vegetable Crop Seeds Leafy VegetablesNY5010 Pollution-free Food Vegetable Production Area Environmental Conditions3 Production Area Environment
Should comply with the provisions of NY5010.
4 Production Management Measures
4.1 Planting and Cultivation Season
Spring planting: sowing in late winter and early spring, and the crop to be marketed in spring. Summer planting: sowing in late spring, and the crop to be marketed in summer. Autumn planting: sowing in summer, and the crop to be marketed in autumn. Wintering planting: sowing in autumn, and the crop to be marketed in winter and spring. 4.2 Land Preparation and Fertilization
Amount of Base Fertilizer: All of the phosphorus fertilizer, all or two-thirds of the potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer, and one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer. Apply 3000kg~5000kg of organic fertilizer per 667m, and the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted according to the length of the growth period and the soil fertility. The base fertilizer is mainly broadcast, and the soil is turned 25cm~30cm deep. For wintering spinach, it is advisable to choose soil with strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, and apply enough organic fertilizer to ensure the safe wintering of spinach. Urban garbage and other organic fertilizers cannot be used as organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers should be farmyard manure and should be harmlessly treated. Generally, flat soil is used in the north, and deep trench high soil is used in the south. 4.3 Sowing
4.3.1 Variety selection
For spring and wintering cultivation, varieties with strong cold resistance, strong winter resistance, disease resistance, high quality and high yield should be selected; for summer cultivation and autumn, varieties with heat resistance, disease resistance, high quality and high yield should be selected.
4.3.2 Seed quality
Seed quality should meet the GB16715.5-1999 improved seed index, i.e. seed purity ≥92%, cleanliness ≥97%, germination rate ≥70%, moisture ≤10%.
NY/T5090---2002
4.3.3 Seed treatment
To improve germination rate, soak seeds in cold water for about 12 hours one day before sowing. Rub off the mucus, remove and drain, then sow directly, or germinate under the condition of 15C～20℃, and sow after most of the radicle is exposed for 3d～4d. 4.3.4 Sowing method and sowing amount
Spinach cultivation mostly adopts direct sowing. The sowing method is mainly broadcasting, and there are also row sowing and hole sowing. In areas where the winter is not too cold and the winter seedling death rate is not high, broadcasting is often used. In areas with severe winter and high winter seedling death rate, row sowing is often used to facilitate soil covering. The row spacing of row sowing is 10cm～15cm. The furrow depth is 5cm~6cm. Generally, 3kg~4kg is sown per 667m2 in spring cultivation, and 4kg-~5kg is sown during high temperature period and winter cultivation. Multiple harvests and winter cultivation in severe winter areas require appropriate increase in sowing amount, which can be increased to 10kg~15kg. Water before sowing. Sowing Keep the soil moist after sowing.
4.3.5 Sowing period
When the average daily temperature in autumn drops to 17℃~19℃ for overwintering spinach, it is the right time to sow. 4.4 Field management
4.4.7 Field management of spinach that does not need overwintering (spring, summer, and autumn cultivation) 4.4.1.1 Spring and summer cultivation: When the temperature is low in the early stage, control the water appropriately. When the temperature rises in the later stage, increase the amount of watering and keep the soil moist. When there are 3 to 4 true leaves, thin out the seedlings and harvest -~ times. Combine watering with 7kg to 10kg of urea for topdressing per 667m2. 4.4.1.2 Autumn cultivation: When the temperature is high, cover with rice straw or wheat straw to cool down and keep moisture. After arching the soil, uncover the covering in time and strengthen watering management. Watering should be light and frequent to keep the soil moist and lower the soil temperature; when there are two true leaves, it is appropriate to water. When thinning out; when there are 4 to 5 true leaves, apply top dressing 2 to 4 times, using 10kg to 15kg of urea per 667m2. 4.4.2 Field management of overwintering spinach
4.4.2.1 Management before overwintering
After the emergence of overwintering spinach, under the premise of not affecting normal growth, appropriately control watering to allow the root system to develop in depth. After 2 to 3 true leaves, the growth rate accelerates, and 5kg to 7kg (pure nitrogen) of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied per 667m2 along with watering, followed by shallow tillage and weeding. 4.4.2.2 Management during the overwintering
Wind barriers should be built before the soil freezes. Generally, sufficient frozen water should be applied when the soil is frozen during the day and at night, and clay soil should be tilled in time; in severely cold areas, a layer of dry soil or soil manure can be covered when it thaws in the morning after watering to prevent cracking and ensure picking. 4.4.2.3 Management during the greening period| |tt||When the tillage layer has thawed, the topsoil has dried, and the heart leaves of spinach begin to grow, choose a sunny day to start watering. There should be stable weather after watering. The watering should be small rather than large (except for saline-alkali land). During the period from greening to harvesting, the winter spinach should ensure sufficient water and fertilizer supply, and combine watering with topdressing according to the harvest situation. The amount of topdressing is 4kg to 5kg of pure nitrogen per 667m2. If there is too much snow in the vegetable field in early spring, the accumulated mold should be removed as soon as possible.
4.5 Pest and disease control
4.5.1 Physical control
4.5.1.1 Set up yellow boards to lure and kill aphids and leaf miners. Under the conditions of facility cultivation, use 30cm×20cm yellow boards, hang 30 to 40 pieces per 667m2, and hang them 10cm to 15cm above the top of the plant.
4.5.1.2 Hang silver-gray film in the field to repel aphids 4.5.2 Chemical control
4.5.2.1 Strictly implement relevant national regulations and do not use highly toxic, highly toxic, and highly residual pesticides. The types of pesticides prohibited from use in the production of pollution-free food spinach include: methyl parathion, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, phosphamidon, systemic phosphodiester, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonothion, chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos, hexachlorvos, DDT, chlorpyrifos 184
NY/T5090·2002bzxz.net
chlorfenapyr, dibromochloropropane, chlorfenapyr, ethylene dibromide, herbicide, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations,, lead, dichlorvos, fluoroacetamide,! Fluorine, tetramine, sodium fluoroacetate.
4.5.2.2 When using pesticides for prevention and control, GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts) should be implemented. 4.6 Harvesting
The harvesting period varies with the climatic conditions of each region and cultivation plot. Generally, harvesting begins when the seedlings are 15cm to 20cm tall. When a few flowers are seen, they should be fully harvested.
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