GBZ 120-2002 Standard for Hygiene Protection in Clinical Nuclear Medicine
Some standard content:
Ics13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ120-2002
Radiological protection standardfor clinical nuclear medicine medicine2002-04-08 issued
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2002-06-01
Normative reference documents
Classification and zoning of workplaces
Protection requirements for workplaces
Protection requirements for the storage of radioactive materials
Protection requirements for the operation of radioactive drugs
Radiation monitoring
Radioactive waste treatment
Accident emergency rescue
10 Protection requirements for clinical nuclear medicine diagnosis 11 Protection requirements for clinical nuclear medicine treatment
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Derived limit values of surface contamination Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Upper limit values of objects containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protection
This standard is formulated in accordance with the "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China". In case of any inconsistency between the original standard GB16360-1996 and this standard, this standard shall prevail.
Chapters 3 to 11 and Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are mandatory contents, and the rest are recommended contents. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are normative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health.
The drafting unit of this standard: Institute of Radiation Medicine, Shanghai Medical University. The main drafter of this standard: Xu Rong.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health.
1 Scope
Clinical Nuclear Medicine Health Protection Standard
GBZ120-2002
This standard specifies the radiation health protection requirements for relevant personnel and workplaces in clinical nuclear medicine work. This standard applies to units and personnel that use radionuclides and drugs for diagnosis and treatment (excluding dressing therapy) in clinical nuclear medicine.
Normative Reference Documents
The clauses in the following standards become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GBZ133 Standard for Health Protection in the Management of Medical Radioactive Waste 3 Classification and Zoning of Workplaces
3.1 Open workplaces in nuclear medicine are divided into three levels according to the weighted activity of the operating radionuclides, see Table 1. Table 1 Classification of Clinical Nuclear Medicine Workplaces\)
Note: 1) According to Publication 57 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). 2)
Weighted activity =
Planned maximum daily operating activity × nuclide toxicity weighting factor Operational property correction factor
Toxicity weighting factors commonly used in nuclear medicine for calculating weighted activity are shown in Table 2. Weighted activity", MBq
>50000
50~50000
Table 2 Toxicity weight coefficients of commonly used radionuclides in nuclear medicine Category
Radionuclide
SeSr, 2,\
\C,\'N, 0,\P,Cr,\Ge
9Tc,\nn, 2,2
\H,Kr,12xe,1xe
3.3 The correction factors established according to the nature of nuclear medicine operations are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Correction factors for different operating properties
Operation mode and region||t t||Cleaning operation
Scintillation counting and imaging
Diagnosis patient bed area
Correction factor
Weighting factor
Preparation and packaging of drugs
Preparation of simple radiopharmaceuticals
Therapeutic dose patient bed area
Preparation of complex radiopharmaceuticals
3.4 Nuclear medicine workplaces can be divided into three areas according to management needs, namely controlled areas, supervised areas and non-restricted areas. 3.4.1 Controlled areas
Areas where the radiation dose to personnel working continuously in a year may exceed three tenths of the annual limit, such as preparation and packaging of radiopharmaceuticals Drug operation room, medication room, bed area for treating patients, etc. 3.4.2 Supervision area
Areas where the radiation dose received by personnel working continuously in a year generally does not exceed three tenths of the annual limit, such as labeling laboratories using radionuclides, imaging rooms, bed areas for diagnosing patients, storage areas for radionuclides or drugs, radioactive waste storage areas, etc. 3.4.3 Unrestricted area
Areas where the radiation dose received by personnel working continuously in a year generally does not exceed one tenth of the annual limit, such as staff offices, elevators, corridors, etc.
4 Protection requirements for the workplace| |tt||4.1 According to the classification of workplaces, the protection requirements for indoor surfaces and equipment structures in active laboratories, wards, washing rooms, imaging rooms and other places are shown in Table 4.
Classification of workplaces
Table 4 Requirements for indoor surfaces and equipment in workplaces of different levelsD) Floor
The joints between the floor and the wall are seamless
Easy to clean and not easy to penetrate
Easy to clean
Easy to clean
Easy to clean
Easy to clean
Fume hood"
Note: 1) According to Publication No. 57 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). 2) Refers to laboratories only.
3) Sewers should be short, and large water flow pipes should be marked for maintenance. Indoor ventilation
Exhaust fans should be installed
Good ventilation
General natural ventilation
Special requirements"
General requirements
General requirements
Cleaning and decontamination equipment
Only equipment needs to be cleaned
4.2 The wind speed of the fume hood for producing and operating radionuclides or drugs should not be less than 1m/s under half-open conditions. The exhaust port should be 3m higher than the roof of the building within 50m nearby, and should be equipped with an activated carbon filter or other special filter device. The exhaust air concentration should not exceed the relevant limit.
5 Protection requirements for the purchase and storage of radioactive materials
5.1 Release Storage containers or safes for radioactive materials should be properly shielded. Radioactive materials should be placed in a reasonable and orderly manner and easy to take and put. The radioactive materials taken and put each time should be limited to the required part. 5.2: The storage room for radioactive materials should be regularly monitored for doses, and no unauthorized personnel are allowed to enter. 5.3 Special containers should be used for storage and transportation of radioactive materials. The containers should not be contaminated when taking and putting the contents in the containers. The containers should be properly protected during transportation.
5.4. Stored radioactive materials should be registered in a timely manner. The registration content should include the production unit, arrival date, type of nuclide, physical and chemical properties, activity and container surface wipe test results.
6 Protection requirements for the operation of radioactive drugs
6.1 There should be a special place for operating radioactive drugs, such as giving When the drug administration is not carried out in a dedicated place, appropriate protective measures must be taken. The drug should be shielded before use.
6.2 The syringe used for administration should be shielded. The operation time should be shortened when shielding is difficult. 6.3 The operation of radioactive drugs should be carried out in a tray lined with absorbent paper, and the staff should wear personal protective equipment. 6.4, Radioactive iodide operations should be carried out in a fume hood, and the operator should pay attention to thyroid protection. 6.5 Eating, drinking, smoking, irrelevant work and storage of irrelevant objects are not allowed in the control area and the supervision area. 6.6 The use of radioimmunoassay kits containing radionuclides such as \H, 14C and 12I for the purpose of in vitro radioimmunoassay can be carried out in general chemical laboratories without the need for special protection.
6.7 The staff should leave the work after operation. Wash hands and monitor surface contamination before entering the workroom. If the contamination level exceeds the corresponding export limit listed in Appendix A (Normative Appendix), decontamination measures should be taken. 6.8 The surface contamination level of any object taken out of the controlled area should be monitored to ensure that objects exceeding the relevant export limit listed in Appendix A (Normative Appendix) are not taken out of the controlled area.
7 Radiation Monitoring
7.1 Routine personal dose monitoring should be carried out for workers in the controlled area. Personal dose monitoring should be carried out for workers in the supervision area only when it is necessary to determine whether the workplace is safe and to verify the safety of individual operations. 7.2 Personal dosimeters should be worn on the left chest, and dosimeters for monitoring local doses can be worn on the fingers and wrists when necessary. Dose monitoring should be organized and implemented by a dedicated person.
7.3 Routine monitoring of gas and aerosol activity concentrations should be carried out in operating areas where volatile or radioactive gases are used. 7.4 When verifying the effectiveness of protective shielding, external exposure levels in the workplace and its surrounding environment should be monitored 7.5 Surface contamination monitoring should be carried out regularly in laboratories, wards, washing rooms and medication rooms. 7.6 The results of various monitoring should be recorded, including the location, date, instrument model used and the name of the monitoring personnel. 8 Radioactive waste treatment
8.1 Radioactive waste treatment should be carried out in accordance with GBZ133. 8.2 Both the control area and the supervision area should be equipped with containers for collecting radioactive waste, and the containers should be marked with radioactive signs. Radioactive waste should be collected separately according to long half-life and short half-life, and properly shielded. 8.3 Liquid or solid radioactive waste should be removed from the workplace in a timely manner. Solid waste such as contaminated needles, syringes and broken glassware should be stored in leak-proof, relatively firm and properly shielded containers. 8.4. Level 1 workplaces and units with radiopharmaceutical treatment tasks should be equipped with sewage pools to store radioactive sewage until it meets the discharge requirements before it can be discharged. Waste raw liquid and highly contaminated radioactive waste liquid should be specially collected and stored. 9 Accident emergency rescue
9.1 Emergency rescue measures should be formulated in advance, with clear division of responsibilities. The implementation of emergency rescue measures should be the responsibility of full-time or part-time protection personnel. Training should be conducted at ordinary times.
9.2 A concise guide to emergency rescue measures should be displayed in the radioactive operation area, and a person in charge of protection in the area should be designated. 9.3 The work area should be equipped with first aid medicines and equipment. On-site first aid should be determined according to the pollution and danger conditions. 9.4 After taking emergency rescue measures to make the site contamination level meet the requirements, the emergency state can be declared over. 10 Protection requirements for clinical nuclear medicine diagnosis 10.1 The layout of the diagnostic site should be conducive to the work process, such as a radioactive storage room at one end, followed by a drug administration room, a waiting room, and an examination room. Unrelated personnel should be avoided from passing through.
10.2 The drug administration room and the examination room should be separated. If drugs must be administered in the examination room, appropriate protective equipment should be provided. 10.3 The waiting room should be close to the drug administration room and the examination room, and it is advisable to have a dedicated toilet. 10.4 For patients who use radionuclides only for self-diagnosis, no special protective measures are required during surgery. 11. Protection requirements during clinical nuclear medicine treatment 11.1 The area where therapeutic doses of y-radioactive drugs are used should be designated as a control area. After medication, 1.5m from the patient's bed or a single ward should be designated as a temporary control area. There should be a radioactive sign at the entrance to the control area. Except for medical staff, no other irrelevant personnel are allowed to enter, and patients should not leave the area at will.
11.2 The dispensing room should be close to the ward to minimize the passage of radioactive drugs and patients who have received treatment through the non-restricted area. 11.3 Determine the location of the ward and the thickness of its protective walls, floors, and ceilings based on the type, characteristics, and activity of the radionuclides used. The ward should have a protective fence to keep a sufficient distance from the patient, or use additional shielding. Limit the time staff work nearby. 11.4 Patients receiving treatment should use a dedicated toilet or a dedicated bathroom and toilet. 11.5 The bedding and personal items of the patients should be decontaminated after use, and can only be generally handled after the surface contamination radiation monitoring proves that they are below the export limit listed in Appendix A (Normative Appendix) 11.6
Used radioactive drug intracavitary syringes, bandages and dressings should be treated as contaminated items or radioactive waste. The maximum activity allowed in the body of patients treated with 131I at the time of discharge is 1.1×10\Bq 11.7
11.8 For patients who have recently received radioactive drug treatment, surgical treatment should follow the following principles: a) The surgical treatment should be postponed as much as possible until the radioactivity level in the patient's body is reduced to an acceptable level and radiation safety protection is not required; b) The surgeons and nursing staff performing the operation should wear personal dosimeters; c) The operating room after the operation should be monitored for radiation and decontaminated, and other objects such as dressings and covers should also be monitored for radiation. If decontamination is not possible, they can be treated as radioactive waste. 11.9 For patients who have recently used therapeutic doses of radionuclides, the following principles should be followed in the handling of their bodies after death: a) No special protection is required for burial, cremation, and preservation of bodies below the upper limits of different radionuclides listed in Appendix B (Normative Appendix);
b) Autopsy should comply with the principles of surgical treatment in Article 11.8: Pathological examination of autopsy samples, if the tissue samples taken are obviously radioactive, should be conducted after they decay to a non-radioactive state. 7
See Table A1 for the derived limits of surface contamination.
Surface categories
Controlled area surfaces and equipment surfaces
(Normative Appendix)
Derived limits of surface contamination
Derived limits of various types of surface contamination
Bq·cm?
Classification of toxicity weight coefficients of nuclides
Surfaces in supervised areas and non-restricted areasPersonal clothing, hospital sheets and other body surfaces
(Informative Appendix)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionB1The upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protection are shown in Table B1. Table B1
Radionuclide
19%Au (particles)
198Au (colloid)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionPostmortem preservation9 For patients who have recently used therapeutic doses of radionuclides, the following principles should be followed in the handling of their bodies after death: a) No special protection is required for burial, cremation, and preservation of bodies below the upper limits of different radionuclides listed in Appendix B (Normative Appendix);
b) Autopsy should comply with the principles of surgical treatment in Article 11.8: Pathological examination of autopsy samples, if the tissue samples taken are obviously radioactive, should be conducted after they decay to no radioactivity. 7
For the derived limits of surface contamination, see Table A1.
Surface categories
Controlled area surfaces and equipment surfaces
(Normative Appendix)
Derived limits of surface contamination
Derived limits of various types of surface contaminationbzxz.net
Bq·cm?
Classification of toxicity weight coefficients of nuclides
Surfaces in supervised areas and non-restricted areasPersonal clothing, hospital sheets and other body surfaces
(Informative Appendix)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionB1The upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protection are shown in Table B1. Table B1
Radionuclide
19%Au (particles)
198Au (colloid)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionPostmortem preservation9 For patients who have recently used therapeutic doses of radionuclides, the following principles should be followed in the handling of their bodies after death: a) No special protection is required for burial, cremation, and preservation of bodies below the upper limits of different radionuclides listed in Appendix B (Normative Appendix);
b) Autopsy should comply with the principles of surgical treatment in Article 11.8: Pathological examination of autopsy samples, if the tissue samples taken are obviously radioactive, should be conducted after they decay to no radioactivity. 7
For the derived limits of surface contamination, see Table A1.
Surface categories
Controlled area surfaces and equipment surfaces
(Normative Appendix)
Derived limits of surface contamination
Derived limits of various types of surface contamination
Bq·cm?
Classification of toxicity weight coefficients of nuclides
Surfaces in supervised areas and non-restricted areasPersonal clothing, hospital sheets and other body surfaces
(Informative Appendix)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionB1The upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protection are shown in Table B1. Table B1
Radionuclide
19%Au (particles)
198Au (colloid)
Upper limits of bodies containing radionuclides that can be handled without special protectionPostmortem preservation
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