Some standard content:
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Welding Procedure Qualification for Steam Turbines
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
JB/T6315-92
This standard specifies the method for welding procedure qualification before manufacturing important welding structures of steam turbines. Through welding tests of the test pieces, the performance of the welded joints is tested to see whether they meet the design requirements of the product, and the proposed welding procedure is verified. This standard is applicable to the welding procedure qualification of gas welding, manual arc welding, submerged arc welding, metal arc welding, tungsten inert gas welding, electroslag welding, cladding and stud welding in the manufacture of important welding structures of steam turbines (except for water heating). 2 Reference standards
GB2651
JB1152
JB3965
GB2653
GB2649
GB3323
JB3144
GB2650
GB2106
ZBY230
3 Assessment rules
3.1 Welders
Steel pressure vessels
Tensile test method for welded joints
BoilersUltrasonic testing of butt welds of steel pressure vesselsMagnetic particle testing of steel pressure vessels
Welding Bending and flattening test method for joints
Metal Rockwell hardness test method
Metal Brinell hardness test method
Metal macrostructure and defect acid etching test method Chemical analysis method for steel and alloys
Metal microstructure inspection method
Metal mechanical property test sampling method for welded joints
Steel fusion welding butt joint radiography and quality classification Ultrasonic flaw detection of fillet welds of large-diameter boiler pipe sockets Impact test method for welded joints
Metal Charpy (V-notch) impact test method General technical conditions for type A pulse reflection ultrasonic flaw detector The test pieces for welding procedure qualification should be welded by skilled welders. 3.2 Equipment and instruments
The equipment and testing instruments used for welding procedure qualification should be in normal working condition and should be inspected and calibrated regularly. 3.3 Test piece
3.3.1 The material, groove form, welding material, welding equipment and process conditions of the test piece for welding procedure qualification shall be selected according to the product represented.
3.3.2 The size and quantity of the test piece shall meet the requirements for preparing the test pieces for mechanical properties, metallographic inspection and chemical composition analysis. 3.3.3 After the test piece is welded, the weld shall be inspected for appearance and non-destructive testing. Sampling can only be carried out after the inspection is qualified. If post-weld heat treatment is required, the heat treatment shall be carried out before non-destructive testing. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry on June 26, 1992 and implemented on January 1, 1993
JB/T631592
3.3.4 The weld on the welding procedure qualification test piece shall not be corrected. 3.3.5 The sample cut from the test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.2 of this standard. 3.4 Welding methods and combined welding
3.4.1 The qualified welding process is only applicable to the welding method used during the assessment. 3.4.2 When the welding process of the same weld uses multiple welding methods (or welding processes), the welding process assessment can be conducted separately for each welding method (or welding process), or a combination of multiple welding methods (or welding processes) can be used for assessment. 3.4.3 When combined welding assessment is used, the maximum applicable thickness range of the workpiece should be determined according to the thickness of the test piece. 3.4.4 For a qualified combined welding process, any one or several welding methods (or welding processes) can be cancelled, or any one of the welding methods can be used alone, but it should be ensured that the thickness of the deposited metal welded by each of the remaining welding methods (or welding processes) should be within the applicable thickness range of the respective assessment. 3.4.5 When combined welding, if the welding process assessment of the root deposited metal (including the base or bottom weld) is conducted separately, a butt weld test piece with a thickness of not less than 13mm shall be used. 3.5 Types of welds and welded joints
3.5.1 Types of welds include butt welds, fillet welds, overlay welds and stud welds. 3.5.2 Butt welds are divided into butt joint butt welds and T-joint butt welds (see Figure A1 and Figure A2 in Appendix A). 3.5.3 Fillet welds refer to various joint fillet welds that do not require full penetration (see Figure A3 in Appendix A). 3.5.4 Overlay welds include wear-resistant overlay welds and corrosion-resistant overlay welds (see Figure A4 in Appendix A). 3.5.5 Stud welds refer to stud welds that are required to bear loads. 3.6 Welding position
The welding position used in the assessment is called the assessment position. The type and code of the assessment position are in accordance with Appendix B. 3.7 Assessment parameters
3.7.1 Welding process assessment parameters are divided into important parameters, additional important parameters and non-important parameters according to their different influences on the mechanical properties of the welded joint.
3.7.2 Important parameters refer to welding conditions that affect the mechanical properties of welded joints (excluding impact toughness). 3.7.3 Additional important parameters refer to welding conditions that affect the impact toughness of welded joints. 3.7.4 Non-important parameters refer to welding conditions that do not affect the mechanical properties of welded joints. 3.7.5 The same evaluation parameter is an important parameter for a certain welding method or welding process, but can be an important parameter or a non-important parameter for another welding method or welding process. 3.8 Evaluation and re-evaluation are required.
3.8.1 Welding process evaluation is required for workpieces that fall into any of the following situations. 3.8.1.1 Pressure-bearing workpieces and their non-pressure-bearing workpieces are connected. 3.8.1.2 New materials and new processes are applied for the first time. 3.8.1.3 Heat treatment is required after welding to improve performance. 3.8.1.4 Technologically required.
3.8.2 Re-evaluation
Re-evaluation is required when the welding method is changed. 3.8.2.1 When the change of important parameters or additional important parameters exceeds the range of change of this standard, re-evaluation shall be carried out. 3.8.2.2 When non-important parameters are changed, re-evaluation is not required. 3.8.2.3 If a qualified welding process without impact toughness requirements needs to be used to weld workpieces with impact toughness requirements, ": 3.8.2.4 ...
The same important parameters as in the original evaluation and the corresponding additional important parameters are added to weld the impact test specimens. After the inspection is qualified, the evaluation is considered qualified, and there is no need to repeat the various inspections in the original evaluation. 3.8.2.5 If it is necessary to change the additional important parameters of a qualified welding process, the same and modified additional important parameters as in the original evaluation can be used to weld the impact test specimens. After the inspection is qualified, the welding process is considered qualified, and there is no need to repeat the various inspections in the original evaluation.
||3.9 Repair and patch welding process assessment
JB/T6315-92
3.9.1 When repairing welds that require welding process assessment, a welding process that has been assessed as qualified must be used. 3.9.2 When repairing workpieces as specified in Article 3.8.1, a welding process that has been assessed as qualified must be used. 3.9.3 If a welding process that has been assessed as qualified is used, and the changes in important parameters and additional important parameters do not exceed the original assessed range of changes, then the repair welding or patch welding does not need to be re-assessed. 3.10 Welding process assessment report
3.10.1 A welding process that has been assessed as qualified should be compiled into a welding process assessment report as the basis for formulating product welding process specifications. . 3.10.2 The welding procedure qualification report shall be prepared by the qualification responsible person, and shall become effective and be filed after being approved by the quality control department and the person in charge of the unit:
The content and format of the welding procedure qualification report can be determined by the proposing unit according to the relevant requirements of this standard, but must include the following contents:
Welding procedure qualification report number and date (including revision and date); corresponding welding procedure specification number;
Welding method and degree of automation (manual, semi-automatic and automatic operation); weld form and groove form and size;
Quality assurance and re-inspection report number of parent material and welding material; qualification parameters;
Welding technology and operation method;
Qualification site The actual temperature and humidity,
Inspection items and test results (including the inspection report number and test report number); assessment conclusion;
welder name and stamp number;
signature and date of the preparation and approval personnel.
Welding process assessment report is only applicable to the submitting unit. Assessment entrustment
Welding process assessment should be completed by the unit, among which the processing of welding test pieces, preparation of test specimens and test specimen performance tests can be entrusted to external units. Assessment details
Gas welding, manual arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas shielded welding, electroslag welding.1 Joint form
.-1.1 When other assessment parameters are the same, the weld assessments of the following welding heads can replace each other: a.
Butt welds of plate-shaped butt joints and butt welds of tubular butt joints; butt welds of butt joints and butt welds of T-joints (referring to mechanical properties); butt welds of various butt joints with grooves. 1.1.2 The weld assessment of the following welded joints must be carried out separately: a.
Butt welds of butt joints without grooves; various butt welds of T-joints (referring to metallographic tests); various fillet welds of T-joints (including tube-tube sheet fillet welds). 1.1.3 The assessment of repair welds may be replaced by the assessment of butt welds of plate-shaped butt joints. 12 Parent materials
1.2.1 The parent material classification of plates, pipes and forgings is shown in Table 1. The assessment of castings and plates, pipes and forgings with the same chemical composition cannot be assessed separately according to the parent material category specified in Table 2. 57
Low alloy structural steel
Austenite
Parent material classification
Note, each steel grade shall comply with the latest national standard or industry standard JB/T6315-92
Classification of plates, pipes and forgings
Parent material classification
Carbon pot
Q235Q235-A
20g, 22g
10, 20, 25
20G, 20R
12Mng, 16Mng
16Mn, 16MnR, 16MnDR
15MnV, 15MnVR, 15MnVg
20MnM. , 30Mr | Mo
12CrMoV.1 2Cr1MoV | |tt||1Cr12Mo
OCrllMoy
1Cr12WMoV
OCr17Ni14Cu4Nb
Classification of cast steel parent materials
Low alloy heat-resistant steel
Austenitic steel
Martensitic steel
Classification of parent materials
Note: Each steel grade shall be implemented according to the latest national standard or industry standard
JB/T6315—92
Continued Table 2
ZG20CrMo
ZG15Cr1Mo
ZG15Cr2Mo1
ZG20CrMoV
ZG15Cr1Mo1V
ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti
ZG1Cr13
ZG2Cr13
ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo
4.1.2.2 Re-evaluation is required when the parent material category is changed. 4.1.2.3 Parent materials of the same group do not need to be re-evaluated. The evaluation of the parent material of the higher group in the same category can replace the evaluation of the parent material of the lower group. 4.1.2.4 Domestic and foreign materials not listed in Table 1 and Table 2 should be re-evaluated. If the domestic material is of the same category as a steel grade in Table 1 and Table 2 and meets the requirements of my country's pressure vessel steel standards, it does not need to be re-evaluated. If the foreign material is equivalent to a steel grade in Table 1 or Table 2 and the weldability is similar after material re-inspection and welding performance test, it may not be re-evaluated, but it must be approved by the technical supervisor of the unit. 4.1.2.5 When two types (or groups) of materials form a dissimilar steel weld joint, even if the two parent materials have been evaluated as qualified, the dissimilar steel weld joint still needs to be re-evaluated.
4.1.2.6 When two materials of the same type and group form a dissimilar steel weld joint, one of the parent materials has been evaluated as qualified, the dissimilar steel weld joint does not need to be re-evaluated.
4.1.2.7 For dissimilar steel welding with transition layer, no matter there is any change in the material of the parent material or transition layer, the welding process needs to be re-evaluated. 4.1.3 Welding materials
4.1.3.1 Welding materials include welding rods, welding wires, flux and shielding gas. 4.1.3.2 Welding rods are classified according to relevant national standards. Any type of welding rod should be evaluated separately. The evaluation of non-low-hydrogen welding rods in the same type of welding rods can replace the evaluation of low-ammonia welding rods, otherwise it should be re-evaluated. Changes in welding wire brands should be evaluated separately. However, welding wires without "high" or "special" can replace welding wires with "high" or "special" (4.1.3.3).
Changes in flux brands and flux mixing ratios should be re-evaluated. Re-evaluation is required for any of the following shielding gas conditions: Changes in shielding gas type:
Cancellation of back shielding gas;
Change from a single gas to a mixed gas or cancellation of a gas in the mixed gas; The volume ratio of a gas in the mixed gas exceeds the original evaluation range (determined by the factory, but must be written into the welding process evaluation report 4.1.3.6.
Foreign welding materials should be evaluated separately.
Thickness (parent material thickness and deposited metal thickness). 4. 1. 4. 1
The parent material thickness for the assessment of various welds is as follows: the parent material thickness of the thinner side for butt joints; the workpiece thickness on the groove side for T-joints (Appendix A Figure A2); and the provisions of 4.1.4.6 for T-joint fillet welds. 59
JB/T6315-92
4.1.4.2 After the butt weld is qualified, the applicable range of parent material thickness and deposited metal thickness shall be as specified in Table 3. Table 3
Applicable range of thickness after assessment
Parent material thickness T
Deposited metal thickness t
1.5≤T<8||tt ||1.5≤t<8
Minimum value
4.1-4.3-For any of the following, the maximum value of the applicable range of parent material thickness is 1.1T: short-circuit over-melting electrode gas shielded welding; a.
Electroslag welding;
Welding specimens welded by welding methods other than gas welding shall be subjected to post-weld heat treatment above the critical temperature. For single-pass or multi-pass welding, the thickness of any weld is greater than 13mm. mm
Maximum value
4.1.4.4 The applicable range of gas welding thickness is the parent material thickness of the specimen used. When degassing welding, electroslag welding, short-circuit over-melting electrode gas shielded welding, For welding methods other than shielded welding, when the thickness of the test piece is greater than 4.1.4.5
and a multi-pass welding process is used, the maximum applicable range of the parent material thickness is 1.3T (1.3t for the deposited metal). 4.1.4.6 The applicable range of the thickness of the T-type joint fillet weld after qualified assessment shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 3. However, the test piece thickness (assessment thickness) is determined as follows:
The assessment thickness of the plate-plate fillet weld is the web thickness (see Figure A3(a) in Appendix A); the assessment thickness of the pipe fillet weld is the plate thickness (see Figure A3(b) in Appendix A); the assessment thickness of the plate fillet weld (including the tube-tube-plate fillet weld) is the tube wall thickness (see Figure A3(plate year) in Appendix A).
The thickness used for the assessment of pipe-to-pipe fillet welds is the thickness of the branch pipe (see Figure A3(d) in Appendix A): 4.1.4.7 For repair welding, repair welding, and butt weld test pieces with a thickness of not less than 40 mm, the maximum thickness applicable to the qualified welding process is not limited.
4.1.5.1 Welding is performed according to the assessment position (see Appendix B). The qualified welding process can be used for other welding positions. 4.1.5 Welding position
4.1.5.2 When there is a requirement for impact toughness in the weld joint, manual arc welding and metallurgical electrode and tungsten electrode inert gas shielded welding should be re-assessed when it is changed from the original vertical welding.
4.1.6 Preheating temperature and interpass temperature
When the preheating temperature is added or cancelled for the qualified welding process, it should be re-assessed. 4.1.6.2 For welding processes using preheating, if the lower limit of the preheating temperature is lower than the original assessment by more than 50°C, the assessment shall be reassessed. 4.1.6.1
For welding processes using interlayer temperature control, and the joint has requirements for impact toughness, if the upper limit of the interlayer temperature is more than 50°C higher than 4.1.6.3
, the assessment shall be reassessed.
Post-weld heat treatment
For welding processes that have been assessed as qualified, if post-weld heat treatment is added or cancelled, the assessment shall be reassessed. 4.1.7.1
4.1.7.2 The welding process of post-weld heat treatment shall be re-evaluated in one of the following situations. Change of heat treatment category (annealing, normalizing, normalizing + tempering, solution treatment, stabilization treatment, aging); a.
The heat treatment temperature exceeds the range of change in the original evaluation. The holding time allows the workpiece to be combined into one calculation for multiple heat treatments in production, but it must not be less than the total holding time! b.
Then it should be re-evaluated.
4.1.8 Combustible gas
When the type of combustible gas changes, it should be re-evaluated. 4.1.9 Electrical properties
JB/T6315-92
4.1.9.1 When the short-circuit transition is changed to non-short-circuit transition or vice versa in solution electrode gas shielded welding, it should be re-evaluated. 4.1.9.2 When the change value of current or voltage exceeds 15% of the original evaluation value in electroslag welding, it should be re-evaluated. 3 When the impact toughness is required for welding, if one of the following conditions occurs, re-evaluation shall be conducted: 4.1.9.3
The diameter of the manual arc welding electrode is greater than 6mm;
Other welding methods except gas welding and electroslag welding, the type of current or polarity changes; b.
The welding line energy exceeds the applicable range of the original evaluation. c.
4.1.10 Operation method
Re-evaluation.
In electroslag welding, if the swing amplitude, frequency or dwell time of the electrode at both ends exceeds the change range of the original evaluation, re-evaluation shall be conducted. 4.1.10.2
In electroslag welding, if the single wire is changed to multi-wire or vice versa, re-evaluation shall be conducted. 4.1.10.3 When the impact toughness of the weld joint is required, if one of the following conditions occurs for submerged arc welding and gas shielded welding, re-evaluation shall be conducted. The swing amplitude, frequency or dwell time of the welding wire or tungsten electrode at both ends exceeds the change range in the original assessment; a.
Single-sided multi-pass welding is changed to single-sided single-pass welding;
Single-wire welding is changed to multi-wire welding or vice versa;
4.2 Overlay welding
4.2.1 The classification and requirements of parent material categories and welding material categories shall be in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 of this standard respectively. 4.2.2. The minimum value of the applicable range of overlay thickness is the minimum overlay thickness Tia of the test piece used (see Figure A4 in Appendix A). The T value can be determined by the factory according to the product drawing, but it should be included in the assessment report. If the thickness of the overlay layer is less than the Ti in the assessment, it should be re-assessed. 4.2.3 If the overlay welding position is changed, it should be re-assessed. 4.2.4 If the lower limit of the preheating temperature is reduced by more than 50℃ compared with the original assessment or the upper limit of the interlayer temperature is increased by more than 50℃ compared with the original assessment, it should be re-assessed.
4.2.5 If the heat treatment type is changed or the heat treatment time (including the total holding time) is increased by more than 25% compared with the original assessment, the assessment shall be reassessed. 4.2.6 If the current type and polarity are changed, the assessment shall be reassessed. 4.2.7 If multi-layer cladding is changed to single-layer cladding or vice versa, the assessment shall be reassessed. 4.2.8 In manual cladding, if the diameter of the first layer of welding rod is changed or the current is increased by more than 10% compared with the original assessment, the assessment shall be reassessed. In the case of submerged arc welding and gas shielded welding, if any of the following situations occurs, the assessment shall be reassessed; 4.2.9
4.2.9.1 Add or cancel additional filler metal. 4.2.9.2 Change the number of welding wires in the same molten pool. 4.2.9.3 Add or cancel welding wire swing.
4.2.9.4 The nominal cross-sectional area of the welding wire or additional filler metal changes by more than 10% beyond the range of change in the original assessment. The line energy or the volume of molten metal per unit length of the weld bead increases by more than 10% compared with the upper limit of the change range in the original assessment. 4.2. 9.5
Change the ratio of the combined flux or the ratio of the mixed shielding gas. 4.2.9.6
4.2.9.7 Cancel the shielding gas or reduce the shielding gas flow rate by more than 10% compared with the lower limit of the change range in the original assessment. 4.3 Stud welding
4.3.1 When the combination of stud material and parent material is changed, re-assessment should be made. 4.3.2 When the shape of the stud at the joint is changed or the diameter of the stud is changed, re-assessment should be made. 4.3.3 When the protective atmosphere or welding position in the original assessment is changed, re-assessment should be made. 4.3.4 When the lower limit of the preheating temperature is reduced by more than 50℃ compared with the original assessment, re-assessment should be made. 4.3.5 When the post-weld heat treatment category is changed, re-assessment should be made. 4.3.6 If any of the following conditions apply, re-evaluation shall be conducted: 4.3.6.1 The type or polarity of the current has changed.
JB/T6315-92
4.3.6.2 The current and voltage have exceeded the original evaluation range by more than 10%. 4.3.6.3 The arc action time has changed by more than ±0.1s compared with the original evaluation. 4.3.6.4 The welding gun model has changed.
4.3.6.5 The lifting height has changed by more than ±0.8mm compared with the original evaluation. 5 Evaluation inspection and result judgment
5.1 Inspection items and number of specimens
Except for other requirements of product design, the inspection items and number of specimens for evaluation specimens shall comply with the requirements of this standard. 5.1.1 The inspection items and number of specimens for butt welds shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 4. When the specimen thickness of the butt joint is 10≤T<20mm, four side bend specimens may be used to replace the back bend and face bend specimens. And replace it according to Appendix C Figure C1 (b). 5.1.1.1 When the product design requires it, T-joints should be subjected to additional penetration inspection or magnetic particle inspection and ultrasonic inspection. 5.1.1.2 The metallographic inspection of T-joints can be macroscopic or macroscopic plus microscopic inspection. When required, a metallographic inspection should be added to butt joints. 5.1.1.3 The mechanical property test of T-joints can be carried out with the specimens of butt joints with the same evaluation parameters (except for the joint form). If the bending properties between the parent material and the weld or between the two parent materials of dissimilar steel welding are very different, longitudinal bending can be used instead of transverse bending. 5.1.1.4||tt| ... When the full weld metal tensile test is required, the number of specimens is one when the specimen thickness T<70mm; when the specimen thickness T>70mm, two specimens should be taken from each of the upper and lower layers. Table 4 Inspection items and specimen quantity for butt welds Evaluation fee
(test piece thickness)
Joint type
Butt joint
T-joint
1.5≤T<10
10≤T<20
T≥20
Inspection items
Tensile specimen
Bending specimen
Impact specimen
Metallographic specimen
“√” indicates that there is a requirement, and “×” indicates that there is no requirement. The inspection items and specimens for fillet welds shall be as specified in Table 5. If there is a requirement for the product design, a penetration inspection or magnetic particle inspection shall be added. @
Table 5 Inspection items and number of samples for fillet welds Inspection item Shape
Plate-plate
Plate-tube
Tube-tube
Tube-plate
Tube-tube-plate
Appearance inspection
Macrometallographic inspection
Metallographic sample number
Note: ①“V\” indicates requirements.
5.1.3 Inspection items and number of samples for cladding welds shall be as specified in Table 6. If the product is designed When there is a requirement, ultrasonic flaw detection should be added. .62
Tumor-resistant cladding
Corrosion-resistant cladding
JB/T6315-92
Inspection items and number of samples for cladding
Note: "V" indicates that there is a requirement, and "×" indicates that there is no requirement.
Number of samples
1.4 The inspection items for stud welding specimens include appearance inspection, hammer (or bending) test and pull-off (or torsion) test. Specimen cutting and specimen preparation
1 Specimen cutting position requirements
1.1 The specimen cutting position of plate specimens shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure C1 in Appendix C. When the thickness of the test plate is not more than 30mm, a full plate specimen shall be used; when the thickness of the specimen is more than 30mm, either a single specimen or multiple specimens of the full plate thickness may be used. Number of specimens: the number divided by 30 (rounded off). For the latter, all specimens of the full thickness of the joint shall be grouped together and regarded as a single specimen. The sample cutting position of the tubular test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure C2 in Appendix C. For tubular test pieces with an outer diameter not exceeding 76mm, the full extension test (see Figure D1 in Appendix D) may be used instead of the test of two tensile test pieces. The sample cutting position of the T-joint (including fillet welds and butt welds) test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure C3 in Appendix C. The tube-plate and tube-to-plate test pieces shall be divided into four equal parts along the circumference of the tube, and the plate-plate test piece shall be discarded at both ends and the middle five equal parts shall be taken. As metallographic test specimens; all shall be taken from the surface.
1.4 The sample cutting of the tube-to-tube sheet fillet weld test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure C4 in Appendix C. Five sections (each section includes two fillet welds) are taken along the longitudinal and transverse pitches and the oblique pitch as metallographic inspection samples. The sample cutting position of the cladding weld test piece shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figure C5 in Appendix C. The chemical composition analysis sample and hardness sample shall be taken from the surface near the degree line (see Figure A4 in Appendix A), but not exceeding the minimum thickness line: 1.6 The sample cutting position of the stud welding test piece shall be determined by the manufacturer. However, the number of studs welded in each test piece shall not be less than 10. Sample preparation
1 The sampling method for mechanical properties test shall comply with the provisions of GB2649. When preparing the mechanical properties test sample, the weld excess height on the sample shall be removed by mechanical means so that the weld is flush with the surface of the parent material. The tension test sample shall be in accordance with the provisions of Figures D1, D2 and D3 in Appendix D. a. For the tensile test specimens of welded joints, except for the tensile test specimens of the whole tube, the other tubular test specimens and plate test specimens shall comply with the requirements of 5.2.1. For a single specimen along the plate thickness, the specimen thickness a is equal to the plate thickness; when multiple specimens are taken, a is equal to the plate thickness/number of specimens. The specimen width b, for plate test specimens, is 6≥mm; for tubular test specimens, when the outer diameter D>76mm, b=20mm; when the outer diameter D≤76mm, b=12mm. d is the maximum weld width. The value of h can be determined according to the requirements of the testing machine.
b. The diameter of the full weld metal tensile test specimen d. The maximum value shall be taken according to the cross section of the weld, but shall not exceed 20mm. The value of h shall be determined according to the requirements of the testing machine. 4 Bend test specimens shall comply with the provisions of Figures D4 and D5 in Appendix D. Figure 4 is explained as follows: a.
Specimen thickness a, for longitudinal and transverse face bending and back bending test specimens, when the specimen thickness T≤20mm, a is the thickness; when the specimen thickness T; is m, a is 20mm. For side bend specimens, a is 10mm. b. Specimen width b, for transverse face bend and back bend specimens, b=30mm for plate specimens, 10mm≤b<38mm for tubular specimens. When the thickness of the side specimen T<38mm, 6=T, when the specimen thickness T≥38mm, it can be divided into several specimens of equal width, each: 20~38mm. For longitudinal face bend and back bend specimens, the width 6 is the weld width plus 10mm, but not less than 30mm. Specimen length L, for longitudinal, transverse face bend and back bend specimens, L=D+2.5d+100mm; for side bend specimens, L=D+105mmc.
is the diameter of the bending axis, α- is the thickness of the specimen after processing). d. When the thickness of the specimen is greater than 20mm, the transverse face bend and back bend can be cut in the same thickness direction. The compression side of the specimen shall be mechanically removed by mechanical methods. The weld part on the specimen that is higher than the surface of the parent material shall be mechanically removed. The tensile surface of the specimen shall be flush, and the original surface of the parent material on one side shall be retained until the excess part is removed. The water chestnut corners of the tensile surface of the specimen shall be rounded to a radius of no more than 2mm. e.
5.2.2.5 The preparation of samples for impact, metallographic, hardness, chemical composition analysis, etc. shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.3.3 of this standard. 5.3 Qualification Standard
5.3.1 Appearance Inspection
5.3.1.1 The external dimensions of the weld shall comply with the provisions of the design drawings and process documents. 5.3.1.2 The surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone shall be free of cracks, unfused, slag inclusions, pores and arc pits. The depth of the weld undercut shall not exceed 0.5mm, and the cumulative length of the undercut with a depth of less than 0.5mm shall not exceed 20% of the weld length. 5.3.1.3 Yuan
The surface of the weld overlay shall be flat, free of cracks, pores and depressions. 5.3.1.4
5.3.2 Nondestructive Testing
The radiographic testing method shall comply with the provisions of GB3323. The quality of the radiograph shall not be lower than AB grade, and the weld quality level 1 is qualified. For general ultrasonic testing, the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB1152. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the butt weld of large-diameter T-joints, the provisions of JB3144 shall be followed. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the cladding layer, the flaw detection instrument shall meet the requirements of ZBY230 and shall be inspected by operators with a technical level of not less than I. The qualified standard is that cracks are not allowed in the cladding layer and the fusion surface, and the defect equivalent is less than α1.5mm horizontal hole and 10mm flat bottom hole respectively.
5.3.2.3 Penetrant inspection is performed according to the requirements of penetrant testing in the appendix of GB150. Cracks and any defects are not allowed in the cladding weld. 5.3.2.4 Magnetic particle testing is performed according to the provisions of JB2651, and the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB228. 5.3.3.1 Tensile test is performed according to the provisions of GB228. The tensile strength of the welded joint shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material. 5.3.3 Mechanical properties
The tensile strength of the welded joint of dissimilar steel shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material on the side with lower strength. The tensile strength and yield strength of the full weld metal specimen shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. If the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material is greater than 490MPa, and the yield strength of the weld metal is higher than the specified value of the parent material, the tensile strength of the weld metal is allowed to be 19.6MPa lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. The elongation of the full weld metal shall not be less than 80% of the specified value of the parent material\5.3.3.2 The bending test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2653. The bending angle shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 7, and there shall be no cracks or defects with a length greater than 1.5mm on the tensile surface (8).
Transverse (along the width of the specimen) cracks or defects, or longitudinal (along the length of the specimen) cracks or defects with a length greater than 3mm. ii Corner cracks are not counted, but the length of the corner cracks of the specimen caused by slag inclusions or other defects is included in the assessment. For welded joints of dissimilar steels, the requirements of the parent material on the side with higher strength shall apply.
Parent material steel type
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Double-sided welding
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Single-sided welding and corrosion-resistant stacking
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Table 7 Bending height
Bending axis diameter
Distance between fulcrums
Bending angle
“a” indicates the thickness of the specimen in mm.
5.3.3.3 Impact test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2650. The impact specimen shall adopt a V-notch. Its shape, size, processing and test strip shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2106. The average impact toughness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material, and only one specimen is allowed to have a property value lower than the specified value, but not lower than 70% of the specified value. 5.3.4.1 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB226. Direct inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye, and the cladding layer shall be inspected with a five-fold magnifying glass. i5.3.4 Metallographic test
Metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of YB28. Inspection shall be carried out with a 100-fold magnifying glass. 5.3.4.2 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow sulfur looseness, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, cracks or other linear defects in the weld and heat-affected zone. JB/T631592
5.3.4.3, Microscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow overburned structure and rate-hard martensitic structure; cracks are not allowed in the weld and heat-affected zone. 5.3.5 Hardness test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB231 or GB230. The average hardness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the specified value required by the product design. Among them, only one specimen below the specified value is allowed. 5.3.6 Chemical composition analysis test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB223. The sampling and analysis results shall meet the specified values required by the product design. 5.3.7 Stud welding test
5.3.7.1 During the hammer test, hammer the upper part of every other stud until one quarter of the upper part of the stud is attached to the surface of the test plate, and hammer five studs in total. During the bending test, use a sleeve to bend the stud 15° and then restore it. Bend five studs in total. After the test, no cracks are allowed in each stud weld.
7.2 During the pull-off test, use a tensile testing machine to clamp the upper part of the five studs remaining after the hammer (or bending) test for a pull-off test. During the torsion test, use a special tool to twist the stud. The breaking strength or torque when pulling off should meet the specified value of the proposed welding process. Supplementary provisions
Each manufacturer should formulate the implementation rules and management methods of the welding process assessment of its unit according to the product characteristics and actual production conditions.1. Take a single specimen along the plate thickness, and the specimen thickness a is equal to the plate thickness; when taking multiple specimens, a is equal to the plate thickness/number of specimens. Specimen width b, for plate specimens, 6≥mm; for tubular specimens, when the outer diameter D>76mm, b=20mm; when the outer diameter D≤76mm, b=12mm. d is the maximum weld width. The h value can be determined according to the requirements of the testing machine.
b. The diameter d of the full weld metal tensile specimen. The maximum value should be taken according to the cross-section of the weld, but not more than 20mm. The h value is determined according to the requirements of the testing machine 4. The bending specimens are in accordance with the provisions of Figure D4 and Figure D5 in Appendix D. Figure 4 is explained as follows: a.
Specimen thickness a, for longitudinal and transverse face bending and back bending specimens, when the specimen thickness T≤20mm, a is the thickness; when the specimen thickness T; one meter, a is 20mm. For side bending specimens, a is 10mm. b. Specimen width b, for transverse face bend and back bend specimens, b=30mm for plate specimens, 10mm≤b<38mm for tubular specimens. When the thickness of the lateral specimen is T<38mm, 6=T, and when the specimen thickness is T≥38mm, it can be divided into several specimens of equal width, each: -20~38mm. For longitudinal face bend and back bend specimens, the width 6 is the weld width plus 10mm, but not less than 30mm. Specimen length L, for longitudinal, transverse face bend and back bend specimens, L=D+2.5d+100mm; for lateral bend specimens, L=D+105mmc.
is the diameter of the bending axis, α- is the thickness of the specimen after processing). d. When the thickness of the specimen is greater than 20mm, the transverse face bend and back bend can be cut in the same thickness direction. The compression side of the specimen shall be mechanically removed by mechanical methods. The weld part on the specimen that is higher than the surface of the parent material shall be mechanically removed. The tensile surface of the specimen shall be flush, and the original surface of the parent material on one side shall be retained until the excess part is removed. The water chestnut corners of the tensile surface of the specimen shall be rounded to a radius of no more than 2mm. e.
5.2.2.5 The preparation of samples for impact, metallographic, hardness, chemical composition analysis, etc. shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.3.3 of this standard. 5.3 Qualification Standard
5.3.1 Appearance Inspection
5.3.1.1 The external dimensions of the weld shall comply with the provisions of the design drawings and process documents. 5.3.1.2 The surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone shall be free of cracks, unfused, slag inclusions, pores and arc pits. The depth of the weld undercut shall not exceed 0.5mm, and the cumulative length of the undercut with a depth of less than 0.5mm shall not exceed 20% of the weld length. 5.3.1.3 Yuan
The surface of the weld overlay shall be flat, free of cracks, pores and depressions. 5.3.1.4
5.3.2 Nondestructive Testing
The radiographic testing method shall comply with the provisions of GB3323. The quality of the radiograph shall not be lower than AB grade, and the weld quality level 1 is qualified. For general ultrasonic testing, the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB1152. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the butt weld of large-diameter T-joints, the provisions of JB3144 shall be followed. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the cladding layer, the flaw detection instrument shall meet the requirements of ZBY230 and shall be inspected by operators with a technical level of not less than I. The qualified standard is that cracks are not allowed in the cladding layer and the fusion surface, and the defect equivalent is less than α1.5mm horizontal hole and 10mm flat bottom hole respectively.
5.3.2.3 Penetrant inspection is performed according to the requirements of penetrant testing in the appendix of GB150. Cracks and any defects are not allowed in the cladding weld. 5.3.2.4 Magnetic particle testing is performed according to the provisions of JB2651, and the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB228. 5.3.3.1 Tensile test is performed according to the provisions of GB228. The tensile strength of the welded joint shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material. 5.3.3 Mechanical properties
The tensile strength of the welded joint of dissimilar steel shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material on the side with lower strength. The tensile strength and yield strength of the full weld metal specimen shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. If the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material is greater than 490MPa, and the yield strength of the weld metal is higher than the specified value of the parent material, the tensile strength of the weld metal is allowed to be 19.6MPa lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. The elongation of the full weld metal shall not be less than 80% of the specified value of the parent material\5.3.3.2 The bending test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2653. The bending angle shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 7, and there shall be no cracks or defects with a length greater than 1.5mm on the tensile surface (8).
Transverse (along the width of the specimen) cracks or defects, or longitudinal (along the length of the specimen) cracks or defects with a length greater than 3mm. ii Corner cracks are not counted, but the length of the corner cracks of the specimen caused by slag inclusions or other defects is included in the assessment. For welded joints of dissimilar steels, the requirements of the parent material on the side with higher strength shall apply.
Parent material steel type
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Double-sided welding
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Single-sided welding and corrosion-resistant stacking
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Table 7 Bending height
Bending axis diameter
Distance between fulcrums
Bending angle
“a” indicates the thickness of the specimen in mm.
5.3.3.3 Impact test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2650. The impact specimen shall adopt a V-notch. Its shape, size, processing and test strip shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2106. The average impact toughness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material, and only one specimen is allowed to have a property value lower than the specified value, but not lower than 70% of the specified value. 5.3.4.1 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB226. Direct inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye, and the cladding layer shall be inspected with a five-fold magnifying glass. i5.3.4 Metallographic test
Metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of YB28. Inspection shall be carried out with a 100-fold magnifying glass. 5.3.4.2 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow sulfur looseness, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, cracks or other linear defects in the weld and heat-affected zone. JB/T631592
5.3.4.3, Microscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow overburned structure and rate-hard martensitic structure; cracks are not allowed in the weld and heat-affected zone. 5.3.5 Hardness test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB231 or GB230. The average hardness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the specified value required by the product design. Among them, only one specimen below the specified value is allowed. 5.3.6 Chemical composition analysis test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB223. The sampling and analysis results shall meet the specified values required by the product design. 5.3.7 Stud welding test
5.3.7.1 During the hammer test, hammer the upper part of every other stud until one quarter of the upper part of the stud is attached to the surface of the test plate, and hammer five studs in total. During the bending test, use a sleeve to bend the stud by 15° and then restore it. Bend five studs in total. After the test, no cracks are allowed in each stud weld.
7.2 During the pull-off test, use a tensile testing machine to clamp the upper part of the five studs remaining after the hammer (or bending) test for a pull-off test. During the torsion test, use a special tool to twist the studs. The breaking strength or torque when pulling off should meet the specified value of the proposed welding process. Supplementary provisions
Each manufacturer should formulate the implementation rules and management methods of the welding process assessment of its unit according to the product characteristics and actual production conditions.1. Take a single specimen along the plate thickness, and the specimen thickness a is equal to the plate thickness; when taking multiple specimens, a is equal to the plate thickness/number of specimens. Specimen width b, for plate specimens, 6≥mm; for tubular specimens, when the outer diameter D>76mm, b=20mm; when the outer diameter D≤76mm, b=12mm. d is the maximum weld width. The h value can be determined according to the requirements of the testing machine.
b. The diameter d of the full weld metal tensile specimen. The maximum value should be taken according to the cross-section of the weld, but not more than 20mm. The h value is determined according to the requirements of the testing machine 4. The bending specimens are in accordance with the provisions of Figure D4 and Figure D5 in Appendix D. Figure 4 is explained as follows: a.
Specimen thickness a, for longitudinal and transverse face bending and back bending specimens, when the specimen thickness T≤20mm, a is the thickness; when the specimen thickness T; one meter, a is 20mm. For side bending specimens, a is 10mm. b. Specimen width b, for transverse face bend and back bend specimens, b=30mm for plate specimens, 10mm≤b<38mm for tubular specimens. When the thickness of the lateral specimen is T<38mm, 6=T, and when the specimen thickness is T≥38mm, it can be divided into several specimens of equal width, each: -20~38mm. For longitudinal face bend and back bend specimens, the width 6 is the weld width plus 10mm, but not less than 30mm. Specimen length L, for longitudinal, transverse face bend and back bend specimens, L=D+2.5d+100mm; for lateral bend specimens, L=D+105mmc.
is the diameter of the bending axis, α- is the thickness of the specimen after processing). d. When the thickness of the specimen is greater than 20mm, the transverse face bend and back bend can be cut in the same thickness direction. The compression side of the specimen shall be mechanically removed by mechanical methods. The weld part on the specimen that is higher than the surface of the parent material shall be mechanically removed. The tensile surface of the specimen shall be flush, and the original surface of the parent material on one side shall be retained until the excess part is removed. The water chestnut corners of the tensile surface of the specimen shall be rounded to a radius of no more than 2mm. e.
5.2.2.5 The preparation of samples for impact, metallographic, hardness, chemical composition analysis, etc. shall comply with the provisions of Article 5.3.3 of this standard. 5.3 Qualification Standard
5.3.1 Appearance Inspection
5.3.1.1 The external dimensions of the weld shall comply with the provisions of the design drawings and process documents. 5.3.1.2 The surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone shall be free of cracks, unfused, slag inclusions, pores and arc pits. The depth of the weld undercut shall not exceed 0.5mm, and the cumulative length of the undercut with a depth of less than 0.5mm shall not exceed 20% of the weld length. 5.3.1.3 Yuan
The surface of the weld overlay shall be flat, free of cracks, pores and depressions. 5.3.1.4
5.3.2 Nondestructive Testing
The radiographic testing method shall comply with the provisions of GB3323. The quality of the radiograph shall not be lower than AB grade, and the weld quality level 1 is qualified. For general ultrasonic testing, the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB1152. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the butt weld of large-diameter T-joints, the provisions of JB3144 shall be followed. When ultrasonic testing is performed on the cladding layer, the flaw detection instrument shall meet the requirements of ZBY230 and shall be inspected by operators with a technical level of not less than I. The qualified standard is that cracks are not allowed in the cladding layer and the fusion surface, and the defect equivalent is less than α1.5mm horizontal hole and 10mm flat bottom hole respectively.
5.3.2.3 Penetrant inspection is performed according to the requirements of penetrant testing in the appendix of GB150. Cracks and any defects are not allowed in the cladding weld. 5.3.2.4 Magnetic particle testing is performed according to the provisions of JB2651, and the weld quality is qualified according to the provisions of JB228. 5.3.3.1 Tensile test is performed according to the provisions of GB228. The tensile strength of the welded joint shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material. 5.3.3 Mechanical properties
The tensile strength of the welded joint of dissimilar steel shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material on the side with lower strength. The tensile strength and yield strength of the full weld metal specimen shall not be less than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. If the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material is greater than 490MPa, and the yield strength of the weld metal is higher than the specified value of the parent material, the tensile strength of the weld metal is allowed to be 19.6MPa lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. The elongation of the full weld metal shall not be less than 80% of the specified value of the parent material\5.3.3.2 The bending test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2653. The bending angle shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 7, and there shall be no cracks or defects with a length greater than 1.5mm on the tensile surface (8).
Transverse (along the width of the specimen) cracks or defects, or longitudinal (along the length of the specimen) cracks or defects with a length greater than 3mm. ii Corner cracks are not counted, but the length of the corner cracks of the specimen caused by slag inclusions or other defects is included in the assessment. For welded joints of dissimilar steels, the requirements of the parent material on the side with higher strength shall apply.
Parent material steel type
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Double-sided welding
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Single-sided welding and corrosion-resistant stacking
Other low-alloy steels, alloy steels
Table 7 Bending height
Bending axis diameter
Distance between fulcrums
Bending angle
“a” indicates the thickness of the specimen in mm.
5.3.3.3 Impact test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2650. The impact specimen shall adopt a V-notch. Its shape, size, processing and test strip shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2106. The average impact toughness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material, and only one specimen is allowed to have a property value lower than the specified value, but not lower than 70% of the specified value. 5.3.4.1 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB226. Direct inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye, and the cladding layer shall be inspected with a five-fold magnifying glass. i5.3.4 Metallographic test
Metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of YB28. Inspection shall be carried out with a 100-fold magnifying glass. 5.3.4.2 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow sulfur looseness, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, cracks or other linear defects in the weld and heat-affected zone. JB/T631592
5.3.4.3, Microscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow overburned structure and rate-hard martensitic structure; cracks are not allowed in the weld and heat-affected zone. 5.3.5 Hardness test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB231 or GB230. The average hardness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the specified value required by the product design. Among them, only one specimen below the specified value is allowed. 5.3.6 Chemical composition analysis test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB223. The sampling and analysis results shall meet the specified values required by the product design. 5.3.7 Stud welding test
5.3.7.1 During the hammer test, hammer the upper part of every other stud until one quarter of the upper part of the stud is attached to the surface of the test plate, and hammer five studs in total. During the bending test, use a sleeve to bend the stud by 15° and then restore it. Bend five studs in total. After the test, no cracks are allowed in each stud weld.
7.2 During the pull-off test, use a tensile testing machine to clamp the upper part of the five studs remaining after the hammer (or bending) test for a pull-off test. During the torsion test, use a special tool to twist the studs. The breaking strength or torque when pulling off should meet the specified value of the proposed welding process. Supplementary provisions
Each manufacturer should formulate the implementation rules and management methods of the welding process assessment of its unit according to the product characteristics and actual production conditions.When the thickness of the specimen is greater than 20mm, the transverse face bend and back bend can be cut in the same thickness direction. The compression side of the specimen shall be mechanically removed by mechanical methods. The weld part of the specimen that is higher than the surface of the parent material shall be mechanically removed. The tensile surface of the specimen shall be flush, and the original surface of the parent material on both sides of the weld shall be retained until the excess part is removed.
The original surface of the parent material on the least side. The corners of the tensile surface of the specimen shall be rounded to a radius of no more than 2mm. e.
5.2.2.5 The preparation of the specimens for impact, metallographic, hardness, chemical composition analysis, etc. shall be in accordance with the provisions of 5.3.3 of this standard. 5.3 Qualification Standard
5.3.1 Appearance Inspection
5.3.1.1 The external dimensions of the weld shall comply with the provisions of the design drawings and process documents. 5.3.1.2 The surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone shall be free of cracks, unfused, slag inclusions, pores and arc pits. The depth of weld undercut shall not exceed 0.5mm, and the cumulative length of undercut with a depth less than 0.5mm shall not exceed 20% of the weld length. 5.3.1.3
The surface of the weld overlay shall be flat, free of cracks, pores and depressions. 5.3.1.4
5.3.2 Nondestructive testing
The radiographic testing method shall comply with the provisions of GB3323. The quality of radiography shall not be lower than AB grade, and weld quality level 1 is qualified. General ultrasonic testing shall comply with the provisions of JB1152, and weld quality level I is qualified. When ultrasonic testing of large-diameter T-joint butt welds, the provisions of JB3144 shall be followed. When ultrasonic flaw detection is performed on the weld overlay layer, the flaw detection instrument shall meet the requirements of ZBY230 and shall be inspected by operators with a technical level of not less than Level I. The qualified standard is that cracks are not allowed in the weld overlay layer and the fusion surface, and the defect equivalent is less than α1.5mm horizontal hole and 10mm flat bottom hole respectively.
5.3.2.3 Penetrant inspection According to the requirements of penetrant flaw detection in the appendix of GB150, cracks and any defects are not allowed in the weld overlay weld. 5.3.2.4 Magnetic particle flaw detection is performed according to the provisions of JB2651, and the weld quality level 1 is qualified. 5.3.3.1 Tensile test is performed according to the provisions of GB228. The tensile strength of the weld joint shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material. For heterogeneous 5.3.3 Mechanical properties
steel weld joints, the tensile strength shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material on the side with lower strength. The tensile strength and yield strength of the full weld metal specimen shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. If the lower limit of the specified value of the tensile strength of the parent material is greater than 490MPa, and the yield strength of the weld metal is higher than the specified value of the parent material, the tensile strength of the weld metal is allowed to be 19.6MPa lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material. The elongation of the entire weld metal shall not be less than that of the parent material\5.3.3.2 The bending test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2653. The bending angle shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 7, and there shall be no cracks or defects on the tensile surface with a length greater than 1.5mm, or cracks or defects in the longitudinal direction (along the length of the specimen) with a length greater than 3mm. ii Corner cracking is not counted, but the length of the corner cracking of the specimen caused by slag inclusions or other defects is included in the assessment. For dissimilar steel welded joints, the requirements of the parent material on the side with higher strength shall be followed.
Type of parent steel
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Double-sided welding
Other low-alloy steel, alloy steel
Carbon steel, austenitic steel
Single-sided welding and corrosion-resistant stacking
Other low-alloy steel, alloy steel
Table 7 Bending heightbzxz.net
Bending axis diameter
Distance between fulcrums
Bending angle
“a” indicates the thickness of the specimen in mm.
5.3.3.3 Impact test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB2650. The impact specimen shall adopt a V-notch. Its shape, size, processing and test strip shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB2106. The average impact toughness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the lower limit of the specified value of the parent material, and only one specimen is allowed to have a property value lower than the specified value, but not lower than 70% of the specified value. 5.3.4.1 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB226. Direct inspection shall be carried out with the naked eye, and the cladding layer shall be inspected with a five-fold magnifying glass. i5.3.4 Metallographic test
Metallographic inspection shall be in accordance with the provisions of YB28. Inspection shall be carried out with a 100-fold magnifying glass. 5.3.4.2 Macroscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow sulfur looseness, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, cracks or other linear defects in the weld and heat-affected zone. JB/T631592
5.3.4.3, Microscopic metallographic inspection shall not allow overburned structure and rate-hard martensitic structure; cracks are not allowed in the weld and heat-affected zone. 5.3.5 Hardness test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB231 or GB230. The average hardness of the three specimens shall not be lower than the specified value required by the product design. Among them, only one specimen below the specified value is allowed. 5.3.6 Chemical composition analysis test shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB223. The sampling and analysis results shall meet the specified values required by the product design. 5.3.7 Stud welding test
5.3.7.1 During the hammer test,
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