Some standard content:
ICS07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T33865—2017
Calibration method for photosynthetic active pyranometer
radiometer2017-07-12 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2018-02-01 Implementation
GB/T33865—2017
Terms and definitions
Calibration conditions
Calibration method
Uncertainty assessment of calibration results
Calibration results
Recalibration time interval
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Technical indicators of spectroradiometer Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Method of spectroradiometer
Appendix C (Informative Appendix) Method for uncertainty assessment of calibration results of photosynthetic active radiation meter References
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009. This standard was proposed by the China Meteorological Administration.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (SAC/TC507). GB/T33865—2017
The drafting units of this standard are: National Meteorological Metrology Station, Yunnan Atmospheric Sounding and Support Center, and Jiangsu Radio Science Research Institute Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are: Yang Yun, Quan Jimei, Ding Lei, Chong Wei, Lin Bing, Wang Yunkun, Hu Mei, Wang Xin, Zhu Ya, and Xu Yigang. I
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1 Scope
Calibration method of photosynthetically active pyranometer
GB/T33865—2017
This standard specifies the calibration conditions, calibration methods, and uncertainty assessment of calibration results of photosynthetically active pyranometers. This standard applies to the calibration of the sensitivity of hemispherical photosynthetically active pyranometers. 2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 2.1
Photosynthetic active radiometer
photosynthetic active radiometer is a radiometer that measures the total solar radiation of 400nm to 700nm received by a given plane within a 2-dimensional solid angle from above. 3 Calibration conditions
3.1 Environmental conditions
The surroundings are open and there are no obstacles above the instrument sensing surface. 3.1.2
The sky is clear and the solar altitude angle is not less than 30°. It is best to conduct the test between 10:00 and 14:00 local time. The air temperature is within the range of 10℃ to 30℃, the relative humidity is not more than 80%, and the wind speed is not more than 5m/s. 3.1.3
Standard instrument and supporting equipment
Standard photosynthetically active radiation meter
should meet the following requirements:
a) Uncertainty should not be greater than 6%;
b) Cosine response error (zenith angle 0°~80) should not be greater than 10%; c) Azimuth response error (zenith angle 0~70) should not be greater than 5%; d) Temperature error should not be greater than 0.3%/℃; Stability should not be greater than 3%.
3.2.2 Digital instrument
0.05 level, resolution 1μV.
3.2.3 Environmental measurement instrument
Technical indicators are shown in Table 1.
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GB/T33865—2017
Meteorological elements
Measurement range
Resolution
Maximum allowable error
4_Calibration method
4.1 General
Table 1 Technical indicators of environmental measurement instruments
Relative humidity
There are two calibration methods for pyrheliometers, namely the working-level standard pyrheliometer method and the spectroradiometer method, which are used to calibrate business pyrheliometers and working-level standard pyrheliometers respectively. The technical indicators of the working-level standard pyrheliometer are shown in 3.2.1, and the working-level standard pyrheliometer method is shown in 4.3; the technical indicators of the spectroradiometer are shown in Appendix A, and the spectroradiometer method is shown in Appendix B. 4.2 Pre-calibration inspection
The appearance of the instrument should be checked, and there should be no defects that affect the calibration operation of the instrument. Only photosynthetically active radiation meters that have passed the appearance inspection can be calibrated for sensitivity.
4.3 Working-level standard photosynthetically active radiation meter method 4.3.1 Calibration steps
4.3.1.1 Under the environmental conditions that meet 3.1, place the standard instrument and the instrument to be calibrated on the outdoor platform at the same time, with the terminal facing north, the instrument sensing surface placed on the same horizontal plane, and connected to the digital meter. Check the positive and negative polarity, signal size and stability of the instrument output value, and preheat for half an hour.
4.3.1.2 The standard instrument and the instrument to be calibrated synchronously and continuously collect data, with a sampling time interval of 1 minute and a measurement duration of 3h to 4h. At the same time, record the temperature, humidity and wind speed during the measurement. 4.3.2
Data processing
4.3.2.1 Calculate the sensitivity of the instrument to be calibrated according to formula (1): Kij
Wherein:
Sensitivity of the instrument to be calibrated, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-)] The i-th voltage output value of the i-th group of the calibrated instrument, unit is microvolt (μV): The i-th irradiance value of the i-th group of the standard instrument, unit is watt per square meter (W·m-2). 4.3.2.2 Take 20 measurement data as a group, and calculate the average value of the group sensitivity according to formula (2): K,
Wherein:
The average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group;
·(1)
·(2)
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nThe number of measurements in each group.
GB/T33865—2017
4.3.2.3 Calculate the standard deviation of the single sensitivity value Kc) in each group according to formula (3). When the absolute value of the difference between any single sensitivity value Kci.j) and the average sensitivity value K, of the group is greater than 3 times the standard deviation, the Kci) should be deleted and K, and s should be recalculated: (K)-,)
Nn-i platform
Where:
The standard deviation of the single sensitivity value Ki,j) in each group, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt [μV/(W·m-2)]. 4.3.2.4 Calculate the average value of the sensitivity of m groups according to formula (4) (retain to two decimal places): -12ko
Where:
The average value of the sensitivity of m groups;
Number of measurement groups.
Uncertainty assessment of calibration results
For the uncertainty assessment of the calibration results of the photosynthetic active pyranometer, please refer to Appendix C. 6
Calibration results
After the photosynthetic active pyranometer is calibrated, a calibration certificate is issued. The calibration certificate should at least include the following: a) Laboratory name and address:
b) Calibration location (if different from the address of the laboratory); c) Calibration date:
d) Identification of the technical specification based on which the calibration is based, including name and code; e) Traceability and validity statement of the measurement standard used for calibration; f)
Calibration environmental conditions;
Statement of the calibration result and its measurement uncertainty: Signature of the person issuing the calibration certificate.
7 Recalibration time interval
7.1 The recalibration time interval should be 2 years.
7.2 When replacing important parts, repairing or doubting the performance of the instrument, it should be calibrated in time. +（3）
+（4）
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GB/T33865—2017
Should meet the following requirements:
a) The uncertainty should not be greater than 5%.
(Normative Appendix)
Technical indicators of spectroradiometer
The wavelength range should cover 400nm～700nm. b)
The wavelength resolution should not be greater than 0.5nm.
The cosine error of the optical sensor equipped with a cosine corrector (at a celestial angle of 0° to 60°) should not be greater than 4%. HiiKAoNhiKAca
B.1 Calibration steps
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Spectroradiometer method
GB/T33865—2017
B.1.1 In the case of meeting 3.1, place the optical sensor equipped with a cosine corrector and the calibrated working-level standard photosynthetically active radiation meter on the outdoor platform at the same time, with the terminal facing north, and the corrector and the sensing surface of the calibrated instrument on the same horizontal plane. The optical sensor is connected to the spectroradiometer through optical fiber, and the calibrated instrument is connected to the digital meter. After power on, check the positive and negative polarity of the instrument output value, the signal size and stability, and preheat for half an hour.
B.1.2 After the spectroradiometer is self-calibrated (compared with the standard lamp), it continuously collects data synchronously with the calibrated instrument, with a sampling interval of 3 minutes and a measurement duration of 3h to 4h. At the same time, record the temperature, humidity and wind speed during the measurement. B.2 Data processing
B.2.1 Calculate the integrated value of standard irradiance in the i-th measurement time period of the j-th group according to formula (B.1): 700m
Wherein:
(B.1)
The integrated value of standard irradiance of the spectroradiometer in the wavelength range of 400nm to 700nm, in watts per square meter (W/m2);
The spectral irradiance measured by the spectroradiometer at wavelength a, in watts per square meter nanometer [W/(m2:nm)]. B.2.2 Calculate the sensitivity of the instrument to be calibrated according to formula (B.2): V
Kuj=Eup
Wherein:
·(B.2)
The average value of the output voltage of the corresponding instrument to be calibrated (when the output is a current value, the resistor in series at the output end should be changed to measure voltage according to the requirements of the manual) during each sampling integration time of the spectroradiometer, in microvolts (μV): Ka
The sensitivity of the instrument to be calibrated, in microvolts per square meter per watt (LμV/(W·m-2)]. B.2.3 Take 20 measurement data as a group and calculate the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group according to formula (B.3): 1K
Wherein:
K)—the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group;
Number of measurements per group.
（B.3）
B.2.4 Calculate the standard deviation of the individual sensitivity values Kci.) in each group according to formula (B.4). When the absolute value of the difference between any individual sensitivity value Kij) and the average sensitivity value K, of the group is greater than 3 times the standard deviation, the Kci.) should be deleted and K, and s should be recalculated: Z(K) -K)\
（B.4）
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GB/T33865—2017
Where:
The standard deviation of the individual sensitivity value Kij) in each group is in microvolt square meter per watt (LμV/CW·m-2)]. B.2.5 Calculate the average value of group m sensitivity according to formula (B.5) (retain to two decimal places): K=1
Wherein:
Km average value of group m sensitivity;
Number of measurement groups.
C.1 Overview
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Method for evaluating the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer The evaluation of the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer shall be carried out in accordance with JJF1059.1-2012. C.2 Establish mathematical model
According to the calibration method, the mathematical model of the sensitivity of the calibrated instrument is calculated according to formula (C.1): +AK.+AK，+AK,
Wherein:
Sensitivity of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts per square meter per watt [LμV/(W·m)]; voltage output value of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts (μV); standard photosynthetically active irradiance value, in watts per square meter (W: m-2); GB/T33865—2017
..(c.1)
The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2): The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by instrument adjustment, in microvolts per square meter per watt [μV/(W·m-2). C.3 Evaluation of standard uncertainty
Evaluation of Class A standard uncertainty
Carry out independent repeated observations on the measured value, and use statistical analysis methods to obtain the experimental standard deviation from the series of measured values. When the arithmetic mean K is used as the estimated value of the measured value, the Class A standard uncertainty of the estimated value of the measured value is calculated according to formula (C.2): uA(K)=S(K)
Wherein:
uA(K)——Class A standard uncertainty, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-)]; s(K)
Experimental standard deviation of each measurement series, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)] actual number of measurements.
C.3.2 Evaluation of Class B Standard Uncertainty
C.3.2.1 Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument according to formula (C.3): ay
Where:
u(V)—Www.bzxZ.net
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument, in microvolts (μV); ay
The uncertainty of the digital instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
... (C.3)
GB/T33865—2017
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument according to formula (C.4): uz(E)=
Where:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument, in watts per square meter (W·m-2); the uncertainty of the standard instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics according to formula (C.5): ugAK)
Where:
*(C.4)
The standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics is given by the manual; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics according to formula (C.6): C.3.2.43
u(AK)=
Where:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. C.3.2.5
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment according to formula (C.7): us(AK.)
Wherein:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)]: The error of instrument sensitivity caused by instrument adjustment is given by experimental data; Confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to 3. C.4 Calculate the combined standard uncertainty
The input quantities are independent of each other, and the combined standard uncertainty is calculated, see formula (C.8) to formula (C.13): u.=u()+.ui(V)+cu(E)+cu(AK)+c.ui(AK,)+cu(AK.).C.8)
-（C.12)
.（C.13)3) Calculate the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group: 1K
Where:
K)—the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group;
Number of measurements in each group.
（B.3）
B.2.4 Calculate the standard deviation of the individual sensitivity value Kci.) in each group according to formula (B.4). When the absolute value of the difference between any individual sensitivity value Kij) and the average value K, of the group is greater than 3 times the standard deviation, the Kci,j) should be deleted and K, and s should be recalculated: Z(K) -K)\
（B.4）
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GB/T33865—2017
Where:
The standard deviation of the individual sensitivity value Kij) in each group is in microvolt square meter per watt LμV/CW·m-2)]. B.2.5 Calculate the average value of group m sensitivity according to formula (B.5) (retain to two decimal places): K=1
Wherein:
Km average value of group m sensitivity;
Number of measurement groups.
C.1 Overview
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Method for evaluating the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer The evaluation of the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer shall be carried out in accordance with JJF1059.1-2012. C.2 Establish mathematical model
According to the calibration method, the mathematical model of the sensitivity of the calibrated instrument is calculated according to formula (C.1): +AK.+AK，+AK,
Wherein:
Sensitivity of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts per square meter per watt [LμV/(W·m)]; voltage output value of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts (μV); standard photosynthetically active irradiance value, in watts per square meter (W: m-2); GB/T33865—2017
..(c.1)
The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2): The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by instrument adjustment, in microvolts per square meter per watt [μV/(W·m-2). C.3 Evaluation of standard uncertainty
Evaluation of Class A standard uncertainty
Carry out independent repeated observations on the measured value, and use statistical analysis methods to obtain the experimental standard deviation from the series of measured values. When the arithmetic mean K is used as the estimated value of the measured value, the Class A standard uncertainty of the estimated value of the measured value is calculated according to formula (C.2): uA(K)=S(K)
Wherein:
uA(K)——Class A standard uncertainty, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-)]; s(K)
Experimental standard deviation of each measurement series, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)] actual number of measurements.
C.3.2 Evaluation of Class B Standard Uncertainty
C.3.2.1 Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument according to formula (C.3): ay
Where:
u(V)—
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument, in microvolts (μV); ay
The uncertainty of the digital instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
... (C.3)
GB/T33865—2017
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument according to formula (C.4): uz(E)=
Where:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument, in watts per square meter (W·m-2); the uncertainty of the standard instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics according to formula (C.5): ugAK)
Where:
*(C.4)
The standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics is given by the manual; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics according to formula (C.6): C.3.2.43
u(AK)=
Where:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. C.3.2.5
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment according to formula (C.7): us(AK.)
Wherein:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)]: The error of instrument sensitivity caused by instrument adjustment is given by experimental data; Confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to 3. C.4 Calculate the combined standard uncertainty
The input quantities are independent of each other, and the combined standard uncertainty is calculated, see formula (C.8) to formula (C.13): u.=u()+.ui(V)+cu(E)+cu(AK)+c.ui(AK,)+cu(AK.).C.8)
-（C.12)
.（C.13)3) Calculate the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group: 1K
Where:
K)—the average value of the sensitivity of the i-th group;
Number of measurements in each group.
（B.3）
B.2.4 Calculate the standard deviation of the individual sensitivity value Kci.) in each group according to formula (B.4). When the absolute value of the difference between any individual sensitivity value Kij) and the average value K, of the group is greater than 3 times the standard deviation, the Kci,j) should be deleted and K, and s should be recalculated: Z(K) -K)\
（B.4）
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GB/T33865—2017
Where:
The standard deviation of the individual sensitivity value Kij) in each group is in microvolt square meter per watt LμV/CW·m-2)]. B.2.5 Calculate the average value of group m sensitivity according to formula (B.5) (retain to two decimal places): K=1
Wherein:
Km average value of group m sensitivity;
Number of measurement groups.
C.1 Overview
Appendix C
(Informative Appendix)
Method for evaluating the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer The evaluation of the uncertainty of calibration results of photosynthetic active pyranometer shall be carried out in accordance with JJF1059.1-2012. C.2 Establish mathematical model
According to the calibration method, the mathematical model of the sensitivity of the calibrated instrument is calculated according to formula (C.1): +AK.+AK，+AK,
Wherein:
Sensitivity of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts per square meter per watt [LμV/(W·m)]; voltage output value of the calibrated instrument, in microvolts (μV); standard photosynthetically active irradiance value, in watts per square meter (W: m-2); GB/T33865—2017
..(c.1)
The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2): The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics, in microvolts per square meter per watt [uV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by instrument adjustment, in microvolts per square meter per watt [μV/(W·m-2). C.3 Evaluation of standard uncertainty
Evaluation of Class A standard uncertainty
Carry out independent repeated observations on the measured value, and use statistical analysis methods to obtain the experimental standard deviation from the series of measured values. When the arithmetic mean K is used as the estimated value of the measured value, the Class A standard uncertainty of the estimated value of the measured value is calculated according to formula (C.2): uA(K)=S(K)
Wherein:
uA(K)——Class A standard uncertainty, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-)]; s(K)
Experimental standard deviation of each measurement series, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)] actual number of measurements.
C.3.2 Evaluation of Class B Standard Uncertainty
C.3.2.1 Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument according to formula (C.3): ay
Where:
u(V)—
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the digital instrument, in microvolts (μV); ay
The uncertainty of the digital instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
... (C.3)
GB/T33865—2017
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument according to formula (C.4): uz(E)=
Where:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument, in watts per square meter (W·m-2); the uncertainty of the standard instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics according to formula (C.5): ugAK)
Where:
*(C.4)
The standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics is given by the manual; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics according to formula (C.6): C.3.2.43
u(AK)=
Where:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by directional characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity introduced by directional characteristics is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. C.3.2.5
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment according to formula (C.7): us(AK.)
Wherein:
Standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment, unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)]: The error of instrument sensitivity caused by instrument adjustment is given by experimental data; Confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to 3. C.4 Calculate the combined standard uncertainty
The input quantities are independent of each other, and the combined standard uncertainty is calculated, see formula (C.8) to formula (C.13): u.=u()+.ui(V)+cu(E)+cu(AK)+c.ui(AK,)+cu(AK.).C.8)
-（C.12)
.（C.13)3)
GB/T33865—2017
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument according to formula (C.4): uz(E)=
Wherein:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument, the unit is watt per square meter (W·m-2); the uncertainty of the standard instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics according to formula (C.5): ugAK)
Wherein:
*（C.4）
The standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/W·m-2)]; the error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics is given by the manual; the confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the directional characteristic according to formula (C.6): C.3.2.43
u(AK)=
Where:
- The standard uncertainty component introduced by the directional characteristic, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity caused by the directional characteristic is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. C.3.2.5
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment according to formula (C.7): us(AK.)
Where:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)]: The error of instrument sensitivity caused by instrument adjustment is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to 3. C.4 Calculation of combined standard uncertainty
The input quantities are independent of each other. The combined standard uncertainty is calculated as shown in formula (C.8) to formula (C.13): u.=u()+.ui(V)+cu(E)+cu(AK)+c.ui(AK,)+cu(AK.).C.8)
-（C.12)
.（C.13)3)
GB/T33865—2017
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument according to formula (C.4): uz(E)=
Wherein:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by the standard instrument, the unit is watt per square meter (W·m-2); the uncertainty of the standard instrument is given by the calibration certificate; the coverage factor is given by the calibration certificate.
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics according to formula (C.5): ugAK)
Wherein:
*（C.4）
The standard uncertainty component introduced by temperature characteristics, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/W·m-2)]; the error of instrument sensitivity introduced by temperature characteristics is given by the manual; the confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by the directional characteristic according to formula (C.6): C.3.2.43
u(AK)=
Where:
- The standard uncertainty component introduced by the directional characteristic, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LμV/(W·m-2)]; The error of instrument sensitivity caused by the directional characteristic is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to /3. C.3.2.5
Calculate the standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment according to formula (C.7): us(AK.)
Where:
The standard uncertainty component introduced by instrument adjustment, the unit is microvolt square meter per watt LuV/(W·m-2)]: The error of instrument sensitivity caused by instrument adjustment is given by experimental data; The confidence factor, the probability distribution of the variable is uniform distribution, equal to 3. C.4 Calculation of combined standard uncertainty
The input quantities are independent of each other. The combined standard uncertainty is calculated as shown in formula (C.8) to formula (C.13): u.=u()+.ui(V)+cu(E)+cu(AK)+c.ui(AK,)+cu(AK.).C.8)
-（C.12)
.（C.13)
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