GB/T 2679.16-1997 Determination of printed surface strength of paper and paperboard (pendulum or spring acceleration method)
Some standard content:
GB/T 2679. 16--- 1997
This standard is equivalent to ISO3782:1980 (first edition).wwW.bzxz.Net
On the basis of experimental verification, this standard makes some supplementary provisions, such as the use of rubber pads for offset printing and gravure printing samples, and the use of paper pads for letterpress printing samples.
This standard replaces GB3331-82 from the date of entry into force. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both indicative appendices. This standard is proposed by China Light Industry General Association.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Paper Industry. The drafting units of this standard are Tianjin Paper Research Institute and China Pulp and Paper Industry Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Jingyan, Gao Rui, Wang Xiaoping, Wang Huajia and Chen Xi. 349
GB/T2679.16—1997
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a world-class national standards organization association (ISO member). The preparation of international standards is usually undertaken by ISO technical committees. Member countries can participate if they are interested in the topics proposed by the technical committees. International organizations, governments and non-governmental organizations related to ISO can participate in the work. ISO works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in all electrical standards.
The draft standards passed by the technical committee are sent to all members for voting. International standards that are approved by more than 75% of the votes can be officially published.
International standard ISO3783 was reviewed and approved by ISO/TC6 Paper, Paperboard and Pulp Technical Committee and sent to member countries in October 1978.
The following countries voted in favor of this standard:
India, Poland, Canada, Belgium, Romania, Brazil, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Czechoslovakia, South Africa, Chile, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Arab representatives, Sweden, Switzerland, Kenya, Mexico, Finland, Germany, Turkey, Hungary, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Soviet Union.
The following member states voted against the technical content of this standard: Australia, France, United States.
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Determination of printing surface strength of paper and board
(Pendulum or spring acceleration method)
Paper and board-Determination of printing surface strengthAccelerating speed method (pendulum or spring model)1 Scope
GB/T2679.16—1997
eqv Iso 3782:1980
Replaces GB3331-82
This standard specifies the method for determining the printing surface strength of paper and board by accelerating printing using a pendulum or spring acceleration instrument. This standard is applicable to tests on simulated printing of various offset, gravure and letterpress printing papers and boards. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard by reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB450--89 Paper and paperboard sample sampling
GB/T2679.15-1997 Determination of printed surface strength of paper and paperboard (electric acceleration method) GB10739-89 Standard atmosphere for handling and testing of pulp, paper and paperboard samples QB1020-91 Standard ink for paper printability 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Picking
During the printing process, when the outward pulling force of the ink on the surface of paper or paperboard is greater than the internal force on the surface of the paper or paperboard, it causes the surface to peel. For uncoated paper or paperboard, this peeling form is generally surface fluffing or tearing. For coated paper or paperboard, it is mainly surface powdering or bubbling, delamination, or even tearing of the paper layer.
3.2 Printing surface strength
The printing speed at which the paper surface is printed at a continuously increasing speed until the paper surface begins to pick, expressed in m/s. 4 Principle
A paper strip is printed with a standard push-pull oil at a continuously increasing speed under constant pressure. The minimum printing speed at which the paper surface begins to be fuzzy is used to evaluate the printed surface strength of the paper. The higher this speed, the better the printed surface strength. 5 Apparatus and Materials
5.1 The apparatus consists of two independent parts: an ink-punching machine that can give the printing plate a layer of fuzzy oil film of a certain thickness and a printing apparatus driven by a pendulum or spring, and the printing pressure is controlled by adjusting the spring load. 5.1.1 Printing apparatus (see Figures A1 and B1 in Appendix A and Appendix B) The printing apparatus has a sector of about 150°, a radius of 85 mm, covered with a standard liner, and the test paper strip is attached to it. The sector is in contact with the smooth metal printing plate surface and rotates at a gradually increasing speed to complete the printing of the sample. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 26, 1997, and implemented on December 1, 1997
GB/T 2679.16—1997
The diameter of the metal printing disc is 65 mm and the width is 10 mm. The pressure on the test paper strip is adjusted to (345 ± 10) N for printing. The instrument is equipped with a chart of the relationship between printing speed and printing position of the paper strip, so as to find out the printing speed of each point in the printing area. When the fan-shaped body is wrapped with a pad and the sample strip is clamped, and the printing disc is inserted on the instrument shaft so that it is close to the paper surface, the printing pressure can be adjusted to the set value through the pressure adjustment handle (7). 5.1.2 Inking machine
The large ink roller for distributing ink and the small ink roller for accelerating distribution on the ink printer must be made of polyurethane. Excluding the printing disc, the total area of the ink distribution system on each side of the ink printer is 1200 cm. Add 1mL of roughening oil to print 10 samples, and give the roughening oil film thickness on the printing plate to be (7.7±0.5)μm.
Note: Before the 1970s, the total area of the ink-printing machine did not include the small ink roller with accelerated distribution. Therefore, when the small ink roller with accelerated distribution is used, the first roughening oil should be 1.05mL.
5.2 Standard roughening oil: low and medium viscosity roughening oil. Note: Standard roughening oil should comply with the provisions of QB1020-91. 5.3 Standard pad: thickness (1.5±0.1)mm, divided into paper pad and rubber pad. Paper pad is used for relief printing samples, and rubber pad is used for offset printing and gravure printing samples.
5.4 Ink filling tube: capacity 2mL, graduation 0.01ml. 5.5 Standard roughening observation lamp: the incident angle of the light source is 75°, and the observation angle of the observation hole is 30°. 5.6 Petroleum ether or solvent gasoline, culture dish, soft brush, non-linting soft gauze or high-grade toilet paper are used to clean the roughening oil. 6 Sampling
Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with GB450, and no mechanical damage shall be caused to the sample. 7 Temperature and humidity treatment
The sample shall be subjected to temperature and humidity treatment in accordance with GB10739.
8 Preparation of samples
Cut at least 5 samples of 350mm×35mm on both sides of the sample, with the long direction being the longitudinal direction of the sample, and mark the front and back sides respectively.
9 Preparation of instruments
9.1 Fixing and tensioning of the gasket
Rotate the fan-shaped body so that its clip (9) is located at the position corresponding to the handle (2), place the gasket (3) flat on the fan-shaped body, clamp the front end with a clip, and insert the other end of the gasket (the upper two layers of the paper pad) into the tensioning shaft (4). Rotate the fan-shaped body to the printing starting position and lay the pad flat at the same time. Loosen the locking nut (10) of the tensioning shaft, rotate the knurled screw of the shaft clockwise, tighten the pad (the upper two layers of the paper pad), and hold the screw until the locking nut (10) is locked. If the pad is damaged, it needs to be replaced in time. Note: The improved instrument uses a pad clamp (see Appendix B) to fix and tension the pad, that is, tighten the nut (10) to clamp the pad, and then tighten the pad by turning the screw (4).
9.2 Adjustment of printing pressure
Clip the test paper strip on the fan-shaped body so that it is flat on the pad. Turn the handle (6) clockwise to the end, insert a printing plate without ink on the shaft, turn the fan-shaped body to the starting position, and turn the handle (6) counterclockwise to the bottom. Turn the handle (7) to adjust the printing pressure so that the reading is (345±10)N.
10 Test steps
10.1 Test conditions
All tests should be carried out under the standard atmospheric conditions specified in GB10739, and the instruments and test equipment should be balanced with the standard temperature conditions. In order to achieve higher test accuracy, the laboratory temperature conditions should be controlled within the range of (23±0.5)℃. 352
10.2 Sample loading
GB/T 2679.16-1997
Clamp the sample on the clamp and ensure that the paper strip is parallel to the pad, and turn the fan-shaped body to the starting position. 10.3 Preparation of the printing plate
First, suck the standard roughening oil into the ink injection tube, and be careful not to inhale air. If the roughening oil is found to gush out by itself after using the ink injection tube to inject roughening oil, it means that air is mixed in the ink injection tube. All the roughening oil in the ink injection tube should be cleared and then re-injected. Before the test, use a soft brush dipped in petroleum ether or solvent gasoline to brush the large and small ink-distributing rollers and printing plates on the ink-dumping machine, and use toilet paper or soft cloth dipped in petroleum ether or solvent gasoline to wipe the metal roller on the ink-dumping machine. Use the ink injection tube to evenly apply 1mL of roughening oil to the front roller along the axial direction of the ink-dumping machine roller. After the ink is evenly distributed for at least 10 minutes, put the two printing plates on the polyurethane roller of the ink-dumping machine at the same time for inking, and the inking time is (30 ± 3) s. 10.4 Printing Sample
Insert the inked printing disc into the axis of the printing instrument until it fits into the slot. Turn the handle (6) counterclockwise to make the printing disc contact the sample. Pull the handle (2) to complete one print. Note: According to the strength of the printed surface of the sample, the maximum speed of the accelerated printing should be selected, such as 1.25m/s for pendulum drive, 2.5m/s, 3.0m/s and 3.5m/s for spring drive A, M and B respectively.
11 Determination of Hair Pulling
11.1 Mark the center of the initial (stationary) contact surface of the paper strip imprint as the starting point of printing (the middle position of the dark imprint with a width of about 5mm at the end).
11.2. Immediately place the printed sample under the standard hair pulling observation lamp and observe the hair pulling through the observation hole. The starting point of the hair pulling is the point where the paper surface starts to pull in a continuous pattern, and a mark is made. Then, the printing speed and printing position scale are used to find out the printing speed of this point, which is the printed surface strength. For the blistering and delamination of the cardboard, the printed surface can be bent inward to observe. Note: When the hair pulling appears within 20mm from the starting point of printing, since accurate results cannot be obtained, a lower maximum speed or low-viscosity hair pulling oil should be used for printing. When some paper samples have slight hair pulling at the beginning, but as the printing speed increases, the hair pulling situation does not tend to be obvious and serious, a higher printing speed or a higher viscosity hair pulling oil should be used for printing in order to find the obvious starting point of the hair pulling. 11.3 Record the measured value and the type of hair pulling. 11.4 After printing each sample, wipe the printing plate with toilet paper or soft cloth soaked in petroleum ether or solvent gasoline, and continue to apply ink and print after it dries.
After printing 10 strips, use the ink tube to add 0.16mL of roughening oil evenly along the axial direction of the roller on the ink machine. After the distribution is even, continue to ink the printing plate. The time for adding ink distribution: before the 1970s, the ink machine should be no less than 3 minutes,
after the 1970s, the ink machine should be no less than 45 seconds.
11.5 Print at least 5 samples on both sides (only the printed side of single-sided printing paper is tested). After completing the test, clean the printing plate and the ink machine. 12 Test report
The test report should include the following items:
a) This standard number;
b) The type of roughening oil used;
c) The maximum printing speed used;
d) The average value of the measurement results of the front and back samples reported separately, rounded to 0.01m/s;
e) The coefficient of variation of repeated test results, rounded to 0.1%;
g) The type of roughening on the paper surface;
h) Any deviation from the procedures specified in this standard or factors that may affect the results. 353
GB/T2679.16—1997
Appendix A
(Suggestive Appendix)
Swing-type IGT printability tester
Swing-type IGT printability tester is shown in Figure A1: 1 swing; 2 handle; 3-pad; 4-tensioning shaft; 5-sector body 6-handle for moving printing disc, 7-handle for adjusting printing pressure; 8-printing disc; 9-pad clamp and test paper strip clamp; 10-locking nut Figure A1
Appendix B| |tt||(Appendix of Prompt)
Improved Swing Type IGT Printability Tester
The improved swing type IGT printability tester is shown in Figure B1: 354
GB/T2679.16-1997
1--Swing 2-Handle; 3-Pad; 4-Preliminary pad clamp tensioning screw, 5--Fan-shaped body, 6-Handle for moving printing disc; 7-Handle for adjusting printing pressure, 8-Printing disc; 9--Pad clamp and test paper strip clamp; 10-Locking nut Figure B1
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