Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety and Sanitary Standard for Dairy Equipment
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
GB 12073-89
This standard specifies the material hygiene requirements, mechanical design principles and equipment safety requirements for special equipment for dairy processing. This standard applies to special equipment for dairy processing, but not to power supply equipment (such as boilers, motors, etc.) and laboratory testing instruments. 2 Reference Standards
GB1173 Technical Conditions for Casting Aluminum Alloys
GB3190 Chemical Composition of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Processing Products GB3280 Cold-rolled Stainless Steel Plates
GB4807 Hygienic Standard for Rubber Gaskets (Rings) for Food Use GB4808 Hygienic Standard for Sealing Rings for Pressure Cookers for Food Use GBn84~89 Hygienic Standard for Plastic Molding Products
3 Definition of Terms
3.1 Product: refers to milk and dairy products.
3.2 Working air: refers to the clean air used for heating, cooling, drying, conveying or checking the sealing of the product. 3.3 Product contact surface: refers to all surfaces exposed to the product and surfaces from which liquids and solids may enter the product. 3.4 Non-product contact surface: all other exposed surfaces. 4 Materials and their hygienic requirements
4.1 Metal materials
4.1.1 Stainless steel: used to manufacture product contact surfaces. Such as conveying pipes, inner walls of storage tanks, inner walls of spray towers, etc. The carbon content should not exceed 0.15%. It is recommended to use 0Cr19Ni9 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel specified in GB3280 or other stainless steels with similar corrosion resistance to the above materials. Materials that may rust after welding shall not be used as equipment surfaces that come into contact with liquid products. Stainless steel materials should be non-toxic and non-absorbent.
4.1.2 Aluminum alloy: used to manufacture product contact surfaces such as milk barrels, stirring wheels, and rotary air valves. It is recommended to use cast aluminum alloy No. ZL104 in GB1173. Aluminum alloy materials should be non-toxic and non-absorbent. 4.1.3 Other steel materials: used to manufacture non-product contact surfaces. Such as the outer wall of the storage tank, ladder, equipment bracket, base, etc., should have certain corrosion resistance, meet the strength requirements under the conditions of use, and can be electroplated and painted. 4.2 Non-metallic materials
4.2.1 Plastics: can be used to make scrapers, mirrors, elastic joints, insulation, filtration, sealing materials, etc. Plastics used to make product contact surfaces should be non-toxic and wear-resistant. Under working conditions (cleaning, sterilization, high temperature), they should not change their inherent properties, such as form, shape, color, transparency, toughness, elasticity, size, etc. And meet the hygiene requirements of GBn84~89. 4.2.2 Rubber: It can be used to make elastic joints, scrapers, seals, etc. Rubber with product contact surfaces should meet the hygiene requirements of GB4807 and GB4808. It is relatively stable in the working environment, has oil resistance, can withstand normal cleaning and sterilization, is easy to clean, insoluble, non-toxic, and non-absorbent.
4.2.3 Fiber materials: cotton fiber, wood fiber, linen, silk and artificial fiber, etc. They can be used as filter materials, screen materials and elastic connecting materials. These materials should be non-toxic, insoluble in water and should not have any odor that affects the product. 4.2.4 Glass fiber materials shall not be used on dairy equipment. 4.3 Other materials with product contact surfaces 4.3.1 Welding materials: They should have corrosion resistance similar to that of the materials being connected, and should form a tight and solid structure in the welding area. 4.3.2 Heat-resistant glass can be used for sight glasses or other light entrances. 4.3.3 Filter media: Cotton fiber, wood fiber, metal wire, activated carbon, activated alumina, etc. can be used. The filter media can be one or more of them. Under the conditions of use, the filter media should be non-toxic and free of falling objects. It should not carry toxic volatiles or other substances that may pollute the air and products, nor should it have volatile odors that may affect the products. To purify the air, an electric air purifier can be used. Its principle is to capture dust in the air through electrostatic precipitation. 4.3.4 Adhesive materials: Under the conditions of use, the bonded objects should have sufficient strength and be firmly bonded. They should also be non-toxic, non-volatile and non-soluble.
5 Mechanical design principles
5.1 Surface roughness
5.1.1 The surface roughness R value of the product contact surface of stainless steel plates and tubes shall not be greater than 1.6, and the surface roughness Ra value of plastic products and rubber products shall not be greater than 0.8.
5.1.2 The product contact surface shall not be electroplated or painted. 5.1.3 There shall be no pits, defects, cracks or silky stripes on the product contact surface. 5.1.4 The surface roughness R value of the non-product contact surface shall not be greater than 3.2, and there shall be no bottle spots or cracks. If electroplating and painting are used, the plated surface and the painted surface shall be firmly bonded to the base surface and not easy to fall off. The resulting surface shall be beautiful, durable and easy to clean. 5.1.5 For parts that have both product contact surfaces and non-product contact surfaces and need to be disassembled for cleaning, paint shall not be sprayed. 5.1.6 The surface used to heat the working air shall be made of corrosion-resistant metal materials or plated. Paint shall not be used. If it is a part that needs to be cleaned, it shall be made of stainless steel.
5.1.7 The surface of the soft connection in contact with the product shall be straight and free of wrinkles. 5.2 Connection requirements
5.2.1 All connections on the product contact surface shall be smooth and easy to clean automatically after assembly. Permanent connections shall be welded without interruption, and the weld shall be smooth and free of pits. The R. value shall not be greater than 3.2 after sandblasting or polishing. The weld on the non-product contact surface shall be smooth, continuous and free of pits.
5.2.2 Overlap welding is allowed in the following cases: side walls with an angle of 15° to 45° in the vertical direction; a.
horizontal upper surface that can be mechanically cleaned. b.
The thickness of the welding material for overlapping welding shall not exceed 0.4mm. 5.2.3 For welded parts, if one of them is less than 5mm thick, welding such as fillet welding is allowed. 5.2.4 The welds on the air contact surface shall be continuous and tight, and no unfiltered air shall be allowed to enter. 5.2.5 Rubber parts and plastic parts (such as sealing gaskets and sight glass rubber frames that need to be fixed) bonded on the product contact surface shall be bonded continuously and ensure that they will not fall off under normal working conditions (cleaning, heating, pressurization). The bonding material shall meet the requirements of Article 4.3.4. 5.3 Grooves, corners and fillet radii
5.3.1 The width of the groove for placing the sealing ring and the keyway in contact with the product shall not be less than the depth. If the installation position allows, the width of the groove shall not be less than 6.5mm.
GB12073—89
5.3.2 Any internal angle on the product contact surface that is equal to or less than 135° shall be processed into a fillet. 5.3.3 The fillet radius shall not be less than 6.5mm in general, except for the following cases: a. The fillet radius of the overlap connection (welding or bonding), the welded strip, the inner corner of the keyway and the inner corner of the sealing gasket placement groove shall not be less than 3mm.
b. The fillet radius of the inner corner of the guide valve, check valve, three-way valve, and stop valve shall not be less than 1.6 mm. c. The minimum fillet radius of the throttle valve, air diversion device, valve, etc. shall not be less than 0.8mm. d. Due to functional requirements, the fillet radius of the breast pump, pressure gauge, flow meter, liquid level indicator, etc. must be less than 0.8mm. It should be easy to touch and convenient for manual cleaning and inspection. 5.3.4 The minimum radius of the circular hole of the atomizer is not specified for the time being. 5.4 Bearings
5.4.1 Any bearing in contact with the product should be non-lubricated. 5.4.2 If a lubricated bearing must pass through the product contact surface or may contaminate the product, a sealing device must be designed around the bearing to prevent contamination.
5.5 Other requirements
5.5.1 For any spring in contact with the product, the distance between the spring coils (including both ends) shall not be less than 2.4mm in the stress-free state. 5.5.2 Any parts that come into contact with the product and are not easy to clean automatically should be easy to disassemble for cleaning. However, high-pressure components, blade drives, various air valves, flow control valves, centrifugal spray discs, and pressure spray nozzles are excluded. 5.5.3 For equipment with a sight glass or other light opening, the internal area of the opening should be at least 100cm2. 5.5.4 The working air filter should ensure that dust particles larger than 5μm are not allowed to pass through. 6 Mechanical safety requirements
6.1 The rotating parts of mechanical equipment such as gears, belts, sprockets, chains, friction wheels, etc. should be equipped with protective covers so that it is difficult for any part of the human body to touch them during operation.
6.2 The circuit design of mechanical equipment should meet the relevant standards of power safety. The operating table should be reasonably located and easy to operate. The insulation resistance of the wire should not be less than 0.5MQ, and the resistance of the grounding wire should not be greater than 42.6.3 Machinery with pressure and high-temperature cavities should be equipped with safety valves, pressure relief valves, automatic alarm devices, etc. The operating pressure of the safety device on the pressure equipment should not exceed 1.2 times the rated pressure.
6.4 The safe operation methods of each mechanical equipment, such as rated pressure, rated voltage, maximum heating temperature, etc., should be marked on the nameplate. 6.5 The manhole cover on the equipment with stirring device and the tank cover on the milk storage tank should be interlocked with the stirring device, and the power supply of the stirring device should be automatically disconnected when the cover is opened.
6.6 The manhole covers on various cavities, rooms, tanks, and tower equipment should not be automatically locked. The diameter of the manhole is at least 460mm, or an oval of 380mm×510mm or more, and the manhole cover is generally open outward. For vertical or horizontal milk storage tanks with a height of more than 2m, the manhole covers at the bottom and sides should be open inward, but should be designed in an oval shape for easy removal and installation. 6.7 For equipment equipped with ladders and operating platforms, the materials of the table tops and ladder pedals should have anti-slip properties. Ladders parallel to the tower wall and tank wall should be equipped with equidistant treads, and the spacing between the treads should not be greater than 350mm; the distance between the treads and the tower wall and tank wall should not be less than 165mm. After installation and fixation, the distance between the front of the ladder and the nearest fixed object shall not be less than 750mm. 6.8 Ladders should be equipped with safety guardrails at locations above 3m in height. Guardrails should be installed on the operating platform, and the height of the guardrails shall not be less than 1m. The area of the operating platform shall not be less than 1m, and the narrowest part shall not be less than 750mm. 6.9 The outer surface of the machinery should be smooth, without edges and corners, and without spikes. 6.10 Under normal operation, the noise of dairy equipment should not exceed 85dB. 6.11 Equipment setting requirements:
a. If the equipment is equipped with legs, the height of the legs should make the lowest point of the equipment body at least 110mm from the ground; if placed on a platform, the height of the platform should be at least 150mm; if a floor-standing hollow support is used, the support should be sealed around to prevent dirt from permanently accumulating. The legs should have smooth edges and corners and no sharp thorns.
b. The distance between the equipment and the wall is at least 110mm; if it needs to be fixed to the wall, it should be firm and reliable. 7 Special requirements for certain dairy equipment
In addition to meeting the requirements of Articles 4, 5 and 6, the following dairy equipment must also meet the following requirements: 7.1 Milk tanks
7.1.1 The milk tank should be well insulated. When the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the tank is greater than 16°C and the tank is filled with water for no more than 18 hours, the temperature change in the tank should not exceed 1°C. Consideration should be given to the design so that the insulation material does not fall off or accumulate. 7.1.2 The bottom of the milk tank should be inclined toward the discharge outlet. The inclination angle of the vertical tank is at least 3.5°, which is equivalent to an increase of 6mm for every 100mm; the inclination angle of the horizontal tank is at least 1.2°, which is equivalent to an increase of 2mm for every 100mm. The bottom should not be concave, bent or deformed, and liquid should not accumulate. Tanks less than 10m2 should be equipped with adjustable supports. 7.1.3 The thermometer should be placed at a height that can still indicate the temperature of the contents when the contents of the tank are equal to 20% of the volume. The diameter of the thermometer socket should not be less than 9mm.
7.1.4 Stirring: Mechanical stirring and air stirring can be used. Stirring should effectively prevent fat from floating up, and the fat change of whole fresh milk should not be greater than 0.1% within 24 hours.
7.1.5 Mechanical stirring can be divided into vertical and horizontal types. If the agitator needs to be disassembled and cleaned, a hole of at least 25mm should be left on the tank to insert the shaft of the agitator. A sealing ring should be set for horizontal stirring. If it is a fixed agitator, the radius of the hole on the inner surface should be at least 25mm larger than the radius of the shaft, and an umbrella-shaped protective cover should be designed to facilitate cleaning and prevent air, dust, oil, insects and other contaminants from entering.
7.1.6 A sampling valve should be provided on the milk storage marrow, and the diameter of its inner tube should not be less than 25mm. 7.1.7 A breathing valve should be installed on the top of the milk storage tank to prevent positive pressure during filling and negative pressure during discharge. The inner diameter of the air hole should not be greater than 2 mm, and the filter medium should not be a woven screen. The filter device should be easy to disassemble. 7.1.8 The discharge port should be easy to disassemble and its position should be such that there is no liquid retention in the tank. The opening diameter should be at least 40 mm and the height from the ground should be at least 210 mm.
7.1.9 The manhole opened on the top of the milk storage tank should have a flange that is at least 10 mm higher than the upper surface. The inner surface of the manhole opened on the side and bottom should be smooth. The manhole cover should have sufficient strength. The manhole cover that opens outwards should have a device to ensure that it will not open due to pressure when the tank is full. 7.1.10 The inside of the milk storage tank higher than 2500 mm should have a device that facilitates manual or mechanical cleaning (ladder or multi-directional nozzle, etc.). 7.1.11 The product nameplate should indicate whether the mixer is installed indoors or outdoors and whether it can be mechanically cleaned or needs to be disassembled for cleaning. 7.2 Breast pumps and homogenizers
7.2.1 Breast pumps should be easy to disassemble for cleaning. 7.2.2 Under normal working conditions, when the lubricating oil is within the specified range, the oil pool temperature and bearing temperature of the homogenizer shall not exceed 70°C. 7.2.3 Breast pumps working under high temperature conditions above 121°C should ensure safe operation and no leakage under this condition; ensure that the pipe connections at the inlet and outlet can be safely locked; and will not automatically shut down when the internal pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure. 7.2.4 It should be ensured that any protective device cannot be removed by hand. 7.3 Heat exchanger
7.3.1 The bushings in the hot and cold cylinders must be firmly connected to the body of the machine, and should not bend or sag during use; the bottom should be tilted at least 1.5° toward the discharge port to ensure that the liquid can be completely discharged. The fillet radius of all inner corners less than 135° on the bushing shall not be less than 13mm, and the fillet radius of the inner corner less than 135° at the welded attachment weld on it shall not be less than 6mm. 7.3.2 The main cylinder cover that can be opened on the hot and cold cylinders shall be able to stay at any angle in the open state, and the condensed steam on it can flow down automatically when it is tightly closed. The main cylinder cover should have a downward curved edge, and the edge width should not be less than 10mm. When the cover is opened, it should be ensured that the liquid on it will not flow back into the cylinder. The main cylinder cover should have sufficient rigidity and deformation resistance, and have a sturdy handle for opening. All gaps and openings on the body should be effectively sealed when tightly closed.
GB 12073-89
7.3.3 The hot and cold cylinders should have an effective stirring device so that the temperature difference between the center and the edge does not exceed 1°C when the temperature is constant. 7.3.4 The plates of the plate heat exchanger should be well sealed to prevent the two liquids from mixing. Plastic gaskets can be detachable or adhesive. If they are adhesive, they should be ensured not to separate under working conditions. 7.3.5 After installation, the tubular heat exchanger should have a support body to prevent the pipe from bending. The support of the tubular heat exchanger installed on the ground should make the lowest point of the tubular heat exchanger more than 165mm away from the ground. 7.3.6 There should be a thermometer at the material outlet of the heat exchanger to indicate the temperature. 7.4 Vacuum evaporator
7.4.1 The product contact surface of the vacuum evaporator should be easy to clean and should not allow liquid to be retained (excluding adhesion); the surface roughness of the peephole surface should be at least the same as the inner surface of the evaporator, and the liquid on it can flow inward by itself and cannot gather; the glass or other light-transmitting objects on the peephole should be removable and replaceable, and the inner diameter of the opening should be at least 100 mm. 7.4.2 The spacing between stainless steel heating coils in the evaporator shall meet the following requirements: a.
Distance between coils
Distance between coils and the inner wall of the evaporator
Distance between each row of coils
≥70mm
≥80 mm
≥90mm
The inner diameter of the stainless steel heating coil in the evaporator shall not be less than 23mm. 7.4.3
The angle of the exhaust pipe shall be designed so that the condensed liquid on it can only flow outwards, and the inclination angle shall not be less than 2.5°. 7.4.4
7.5 Condensing equipment
7.5.1 The condenser can be chrome-plated.
7.5.2 Silver solder or bronze solder shall be non-toxic, non-absorbent and corrosion-resistant. 7.5.3 For ice cream freezers and continuous quick freezers, when air needs to be introduced into the product, a disposable air filter should be installed to prevent dust particles larger than 5μm from passing through. A check valve should be installed after the filter. 7.5.4 The height of the legs or platform should ensure that the lowest point of the condensing equipment is at least 155mm above the ground. 7.6 Flow meter, pressure gauge, liquid level monitoring device 7.6.1 All product contact surfaces that cannot be automatically cleaned should be designed with cleaning and inspection issues in mind, so that they are easy to disassemble and install.
7.6.2 Non-detachable parts should be automatically cleanable. 7.6.3 The fillet radius of the keyway shall not be less than 0.8 mm. 7.6.4 Any fillet radius that must be less than 0.8 mm shall be easily accessible and easy to inspect. 7.6.5 Except for adhesion, all product contact surfaces shall allow liquid to flow down automatically. 7.7 Milk powder and dairy product sieves
7.7.1 The fillet radius of the internal angle equal to or less than 135° on the product contact surface shall not be less than 6 mm, and the fillet radius in the keyway shall not be less than 0.8 mm.
7.7.2 The outer edge of the covered opening shall extend at least 10 mm. The opening that is not often opened shall be equipped with a removable cover, and the outer edge of the cover shall extend downward at least 7 mm.
7.7.3 The leg support shall be smooth and free of spikes. The height of the leg shall be such that the lowest part of the dairy sieve device is at least 155 mm off the ground. 7.8 Rollerless emulsion oil thrashing machine
7.8.1 There is no surface roughness requirement for the product contact surface of the rollerless emulsion oil thrashing machine. 7.8.2 The rollerless emulsion oil thrashing machine should be equipped with a reversible safety guardrail, which should automatically cut off the power supply to the motor when the safety guardrail is in the upward position.
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GB12073-89www.bzxz.net
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Dairy Machinery. This standard was drafted by the Heilongjiang Dairy Industry Technology Development Center. The main drafter of this standard is Na Zhengyang.
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