This standard specifies the mechanical drive point impedance of the human body in the sitting and standing positions under the action of z-axis vibration and the mechanical drive point impedance of the human body in the supine position under the action of x-axis vibration. This standard applies to the mechanical drive point impedance of the human body in the sitting, standing and supine positions under the action of the above-mentioned axial vibration within the frequency range of 0.5 to 31.5 Hz, and can be used as a basis for designing human-machine systems and devices, evaluating their mechanical properties, and taking vibration control measures. GB/T 16440-1996 Mechanical drive point impedance of the human body
under vibration and impact GB/T16440-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net This standard specifies the mechanical drive point impedance of the human body in the sitting and standing positions under the action of z-axis vibration and the mechanical drive point impedance of the human body in the supine position under the action of x-axis vibration. This standard is applicable to the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body in sitting, standing and lying positions under the above-mentioned axial vibration in the frequency range of 0.5 to 31.5 Hz. It can be used as a basis for designing human-machine systems and devices, evaluating their mechanical properties and taking vibration control measures.

GB/T16440—1996
This standard adopts the international standard ISO5982:1981 "Vibration and shock - Mechanical driving point impedance of the human body" in a non-equivalent manner. This standard specifies the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body in sitting, standing and lying positions. When considering the effects of mechanical vibration and shock on the human body, it is necessary to understand the mechanical properties of the human body. The mechanical driving point impedance of the human body is an important parameter for describing the biodynamic response of the human body and an effective method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of the human body. It can be used to understand the input law of mechanical force on the human body. Due to the differences in human body structure characteristics between Chinese and foreigners, there are differences in human biodynamic response. Therefore, international standards cannot be adopted in an equivalent or equivalent manner. The principles for the compilation of this standard are: (1) The principle of suitability to national conditions: the main technical content is based on the results of human experimental research by Chinese people. (2) The principle of internationality: the standard framework, compilation method and certain technical contents are as close to international standards as possible, and combined with the specific reality of my country, the international standards are "non-equivalently adopted".
When applying this standard, attention must be paid to its use restrictions and factors that may change the driving point impedance of the human body. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Mechanical Vibration and Shock Standardization. The drafting unit of this standard: Aerospace Medical Engineering Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard: Liu Jianzhong.
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Vibration and shock
Mechanical driving point impedance of the human body
GB/T 16440
neq 1so 5982: 1981
This standard specifies the mechanical driving point impedance of the sitting and standing human body under axial vibration and the mechanical driving point impedance of the lying human body under axial vibration.
This standard applies to the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body in the sitting, standing and lying positions under the above-mentioned axial vibration in the frequency range of -0.5 to ~31.5Hz, and can be used as a basis for designing man-machine systems and devices, evaluating their mechanical performance and taking vibration control measures. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T2298-91 Mechanical vibration and shock terminology GB/T13441-92 Measurement specification for human whole-body vibration environment GB/T15619-1995 Human body mechanical vibration and shock terminology 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Mechanical driving point impedance mechanical driving point impedance The complex ratio of the excitation force and velocity of the linear system. It can be expressed as: Z(f) = F(f)/V()
Where: z(f)---Mechanical driving point impedance, N·s·m1; F()——Excitation force, N;
Vf)-Velocity, m* s-;
f—Frequency, Hz.
For simple harmonic vibration, the modulus of impedance is the amplitude ratio of force and velocity, and its phase angle is the phase angle difference between force and velocity. For non-simple harmonic vibration, the impedance is calculated from the force spectrum and velocity spectrum. 3.2 Linear system linear system
A system whose response is proportional to the excitation and satisfies the Deng principle (see 2.20 in GB/T2298-91). 3.3 Stiffness
The ratio of the increment of force (or torque) acting on the elastic element 1 to the increment of the corresponding displacement (or angular displacement) (see GB/T2298912.30). www.bzxz.net
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on June 17, 1996, and implemented on December 1, 1996
GB/T16440—1996
3.4 ​​Viscous damping coefficient The ratio of linear viscous damping force to velocity (see 3.102 in GB/T2298·91). 3.5 Whole-body vibration Whole-body vibration Mechanical vibration transmitted to the whole body is usually transmitted through the area where the body contacts the support surface (which is vibrated) (such as the buttocks, the bottom of the feet, and the back in a prone position, etc.) (see 4.5 in GB/T15619-1995) 4 Influencing factors
The main factors affecting the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body are: a) the direction of vibration action (see 4.2 in GB/T13441-92), human posture and muscle tension; h) the degree of mechanical coupling between the vibration excitation and the human body; c) the characteristics of the human body restraint system.
5 Limitation of use
5.1 Frequency range
The applicable frequency range of the human body mechanical driving point impedance is 0.5～31.5Hz. 5.2 Linearity
When the human body is subjected to whole-body vibration, it generally exhibits nonlinear characteristics. Under normal gravity conditions, if the vibration acceleration applied when measuring the human body mechanical driving point impedance is not greater than 4m·s-2 (rms), the nonlinear characteristics can be ignored and the human body can be approximately regarded as a linear system. 5.3 Body posture
Impedance is closely related to body posture and muscle tension. It is affected by human activities. When the body is straight or the muscles are tense, the impedance value increases and the resonant frequency increases due to the increase in human body stiffness. Conversely, the impedance value and resonant frequency decrease as the body bends or the muscles relax. The applicable postures of this standard are: sitting posture is natural sitting, standing posture is natural upright. Lying posture is white natural flat. 5.4 Seats and Safety Belts
External contact interfaces of the human body, such as clothing, seats (including backrests, armrests, footrests and seat cushions) and safety belts, will affect the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body. The conditions of this standard are no backrest, no armrests, no footrests, no seat cushions and no safety belts. 6 Frequency characteristics of the mechanical driving point impedance of the human body The mechanical driving point impedance of the human body in a sitting or standing position has the following general characteristics: less than about 2.0 Hz, the human body can be regarded as a rigid body, and its impedance value increases linearly with frequency; in the frequency range of 2.0 to 8.0 Hz, the driving point impedance rises to a peak value near 5.0 Hz, which is the main impedance area of ​​the human body. It is related to the main resonance phenomenon of the human trunk response to axial excitation. The response of the body is 1.5 to 2.0 times the response value of the rigid body (non-sexual body) under the same experimental conditions; above the peak frequency, the impedance value decreases, and the human body response characteristics are like the characteristics of a spring (sitting position) or a spring-damper combination (standing position); above 8.0 Hz, the driving point impedance of the sitting human body has a second peak between 8.0 and 12.0 Hz and a third peak near 25.0 Hz; while the driving point impedance of the standing human body has an obvious second peak between 18.0 and 30.0 Hz, and the local impedance is the most human; at the second or third peak frequency, the human body response characteristics are like the characteristics of a spring (standing position) or a spring-damper combination (sitting position). The general characteristics of the mechanical driving point impedance of the supine human body are similar to those of the standing human body, and its first peak frequency appears near 8.0Hz, which is the main impedance area of ​​the supine human body, which is related to the main resonance phenomenon of the human body's response to axial excitation. The mechanical driving point impedance of the sitting, standing and supine human bodies in the range of 0.5 to 31.5Hz are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. 681
（。)/
GB/T16440---1996
Frequency/H2
Frequency/Hz
Figure 1 Mechanical driving point impedance of the sitting human body
（According to the average curve of the impedance characteristics measured by 60 subjects）10
GB/T16440
Frequency/Hz
50.63081.01-251.202. 3.154.5.010
Frequency/H2
Figure 2 Mechanical driving point impedance of standing human body
(fitted from the average impedance characteristic curve measured by 50 subjects)4
（.）/
164401996
Frequency/Hz
Frequency/Hz
Figure 3 Mechanical driving point impedance of supine human body
(fitted from the average impedance characteristic curve measured by 30 subjects)7 Human body models in three postures
The human body can be regarded as an elastic system composed of mass, elasticity and damping elements. The model and parameters of the sitting human body are shown in Figure 4 and Table 1. The model and parameters of the standing human body are shown in Figure 5 and Table 2. The model and parameters of the supine human body are shown in Figure 6 and Table 3. 687
Parameter footnote
GB/T 16440--1996
Figure 4 Model of sitting human body
Table 1 Model parameters of sitting human body
k:/(N·m-1)
Figure 5 Model of standing human body
Damping coefficient
Parameter footnote
Parameter footnote
GB/T 16440---1996
Model parameters of standing human body
ki/(N·mt)
Figure 6 Model of supine human body
Table 3 Model parameters of supine human body
k/(N·m \)
11.1×104
damping coefficient
.(Ns·m\)
Yangni coefficient
(/(N-$*m )
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