Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Requirements for the placement of fire safety signs
Requirements for the placement of fire safety signs1 Subject content and scope of application
1.1 This standard specifies the location, principles, requirements and methods for the placement of fire safety signs. 1.2 This standard applies to places where fire safety signs are used to convey fire safety information. 2 Reference standards
GB13495 Fire safety signs
GBJ16 Code for fire protection design of buildings
GBJ45 Code for fire protection design of high-rise civil buildings3 Terms
3.1 Observation distance The distance from the observer's eyes to the center of the sign. In this standard, the observation distance is represented by the letter D, as shown in Figure 1. 3.2 Observation angle The angle between the line connecting the observer's eyes and the center of the sign and the plane where the sign is located. In this standard, the observation angle is represented by the letter α, as shown in Figure 1. 3.3 Displacement distance displacement
The distance from the center point of the sign to the visual axis when the eye is looking directly at the plane where the sign is located. In this standard, the displacement distance is represented by the letter X, as shown in Figure 1. 3.4 Displacement angle angle of displacement GB15630-1995
The angle between the line connecting the center point of the sign and the eye and the visual axis when the eye is looking directly at the plane where the sign is located. In this standard, the displacement angle is represented by the letter θ, as shown in Figure 1. 4 Setting place
4.1 Tourist attractions, open-air entertainment venues, urban streets, squares, parking lots and trade markets, etc. 4.2 Buildings specified in GBJ16 and GBJ45. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on July 19, 1995 and implemented on February 1, 1996
Axis when the eyes are facing the middle plane of the sign
GB 15630-1995
4.3 Stations, airports, ports, docks, bridges, tunnels, gas stations, vehicles and underground projects, etc. 4.4 Forest areas, mining areas, oil fields and offshore drilling platforms, etc. 4.5 Other places where fire safety signs are set. 5 Principles of setting
5.1 Emergency exits, evacuation passages, stairwells with different positions between floors (such as stairwells on refuge floors), and general flat-opening evacuation doors set next to the commonly used photoelectric induction automatic doors or 360° revolving doors in large public buildings and other crowded public places such as shopping malls (stores), theaters, entertainment halls, gymnasiums, hospitals, restaurants, hotels, high-rise apartments and waiting (ship, aircraft) rooms, must be equipped with "Emergency Exit" signs accordingly. In places far from emergency exits, the "Emergency Exit" sign should be placed together with the "Evacuation Passage Direction" sign, and the arrow must point to the direction of the emergency exit.
One-way doors in emergency exits or evacuation passages must have a "Push Open" sign on the door, and a "Pull Open" sign on the reverse side. 5.2
5.3 "Do Not Lock" signs should be placed on doors in emergency exits or evacuation passages. 5.4 "Do Not Block" signs should be placed in conspicuous places in evacuation passages or fire truck lanes. 5.5 A "sliding door opening sign" should be set on the sliding door, and the direction of the arrow in the sign must be consistent with the direction of the door opening. 5.6 A "break the board" sign must be set in places where you need to break the glass plate to get the key or door opening tool, or where you need to open the board to create an exit during evacuation. 5.7 Concealed fire equipment storage locations in various buildings should be marked with "fire extinguishing equipment", "fire extinguisher" and "fire hose" signs accordingly. Outdoor fire ladders and self-kept fire ladder storage points should be marked with "fire ladder" signs. Keep away from fire equipment storage locations 5.8 The "Fire Manual Starter" sign must be set near the manual fire alarm button and the manual starter of the fixed fire extinguishing system. In places far away from the device, it should be set together with the directional auxiliary sign. 5.9 Where there is a fire alarm or a fire accident broadcasting loudspeaker, the "Sounding Alarm" sign should be set accordingly. 5.10 Where there is a fire alarm telephone, a "Fire Alarm Telephone" sign should be set. For places with public telephones (such as telephone sharing), a "Fire Alarm Telephone" sign can also be set.
5.11 Where there are fire-fighting equipment such as underground fire hydrants, fire pump couplings and ground fire hydrants that are not easily seen, signs such as "Underground Fire Hydrant", "Ground Fire Hydrant" and "Fire Pump Coupling" should be set. 5.12 Signs such as "No Fireworks", "No Smoking", "No Flammable Materials", "No Fire", "No Fire Starters", "Beware of Fire - Flammable Materials", "Beware of Fire - Oxidants" and "Beware of Explosion - Explosive Substances" should be set up in the following areas accordingly: a. At the entrance or fire zone of production plants, square rooms, etc. with Class A, B and C fire hazards; at the entrance or fire zone of warehouses with Class A, B and C fire hazards;
In the fire zone of Class A, B and C liquid storage tanks, yards, etc.; c.
d. In the fire zone of flammable and combustion-supporting gas storage tanks or tank areas and buildings and yards; e. In the oil and gas boiler rooms, oil transformer rooms, shops, workshops, storage rooms where flammable and explosive chemicals are stored and used in civil buildings and their vicinity;
f. On the means of transport of Class A, B and C liquids and other dangerous chemicals; g. In fire prevention zones such as forests and mines.
5.13 Where water-explosive substances are stored or where using water to extinguish fires will pose a danger to the surrounding environment, a "No Water Fire Fighting" sign should be set up. 5.14 In hotels, restaurants, shopping malls (stores), theaters, hospitals, libraries, archives (rooms), waiting (ship, plane) rooms, cars, ships, airplanes and other public places, where relevant departments prohibit smoking, "No Smoking" signs should be set up. 5.15 Other places where it is necessary to set up fire safety signs. 6 Setting requirements
6.1 Fire safety signs should be set up in conspicuous locations related to fire safety, and there should be no obstacles that hinder public visibility on the front or in the vicinity of the signs.
6.2 Unless necessary, signs should generally not be set up on movable objects such as doors, windows, and shelves, nor should they be set up in places that are often blocked by other objects.
6.3 When setting up fire safety signs, avoid contradictory and repeated sign content. Try to use the most The minimum number of signs should clearly convey the necessary information.
6.4 Directional auxiliary signs should be set up at the passages where the public chooses the direction, and should be set up according to the shortest route to the target. 6.5 The fire safety signs set up should make the observation angle close to 90° for most observers. 6.6 The size of the fire safety sign is determined by the maximum observation distance D. After measuring the required maximum observation distance, determine the size of the required sign according to Appendix A of GB13495.
The determination of the observation distance D refers to Appendix A (reference) of this standard. 6.7 The offset distance X of the sign should be minimized. For observers at the maximum observation distance D, the offset angle 9: should generally not be greater than 5°, and the maximum should not be less than 15°. If this requirement cannot be met due to conditions, the size of the sign should be appropriately increased to meet the conspicuousness. 6.8 The color of the sign should remain unchanged under all relevant lighting. 6.9 Materials for making fire safety signs
6.9.1 Evacuation signs should be made of non-combustible materials, otherwise a protective cover made of glass or other non-combustible transparent materials should be added to the outside. 6.9.2 The combustion performance of the materials used to make signs for other purposes should meet the fire protection requirements of the place of use; for non-evacuation signs used indoors, the oxygen index of the materials used should not be lower than 32. 6.10 Requirements for the installation of fire safety signs indoors and at exits 6.10.1 Requirements for the installation of evacuation signs
6.10.1.1 In the evacuation passage, the "emergency exit" sign should be placed on the walls on both sides of the passage and at the corners, and the upper edge of the sign should be 305 from the ground
GB15 6301995
The height of the sign should not be greater than 1m, as shown in Figure 2. The sign can also be set directly on the ground, covered with a non-combustible, transparent and firm protective plate, as shown in Figure 3. The spacing between signs should not be greater than 20m, and the distance between the end of the dead-end corridor and the sign should not be greater than 10 groups. 6.1012 At the exit of the vegetable and scattered passage, the emergency exit sign should be set at the edge of the door frame or the upper part of the door, as shown in Figure 4 A or a better position. The height h from the upper edge of the sign to the ceiling should not be less than 0.5m. The height ha from the lower edge of the sign at position A to the ground should not be less than 2.0m.
6.10.1.3 If the height of the ceiling is small, the sign can also be set at positions C and D in the atlas, and the height hz from the center point of the sign to the ground should be between 1.3m and 1.5m.
6.10.1.4 The lower edge of the evacuation signboard hung in the indoor hall should be at least 2.0m above the ground, as shown in Figure 5. 6.10.2 For other signboards attached to indoor walls and other places, the center point should be between 1.3m and 1.5m above the ground. 6.10.3 The lower edge of other signboards hung in the indoor hall should be at least 2.0m above the ground. 6.10.4 Fire safety signs should be placed in bright places indoors and at entrances and exits. The minimum average illumination of the surface of the prohibition sign (circle plus slash) and warning sign (triangle) in the fire safety sign should not be less than 51x under normal circumstances, and the ratio of the minimum illumination to the average illumination (average illumination ratio) should not be less than 0.7. Warning signs (square) and their auxiliary signs shall meet the following requirements: A, B, C, D static signboard
vegetables enter
GB 15630-1995
transparent protective plate
signboard
lighting lamp
sign static
signboard
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Biaohui board
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6.10.4.1 Warning signs and their auxiliary signs that require external lighting shall also meet the above requirements in normal circumstances. In the event of a fire and the normal lighting power supply is interrupted, it shall automatically switch to the emergency lighting power supply within 5$ and be illuminated by emergency lighting fixtures. The minimum average illumination and illumination uniformity of the sign surface shall still meet the above requirements. 6.10.4.2 For warning signs and their auxiliary signs with internal lighting, when the illumination of the external lighting on the sign surface is less than 51x, the internal lighting fixtures should be automatically started within 5 seconds for lighting. When a fire occurs and the normal lighting power supply of the internal lighting fixtures is interrupted, it should automatically switch to the emergency lighting power supply within 5 seconds. Regardless of the power supply for internal lighting, the average brightness of the sign surface should be 17~34cd/m2, but the maximum brightness in any small area should not be greater than 80cd/m2, the minimum brightness should not be less than 15cd/m2, and the ratio of maximum brightness to minimum brightness should not be greater than 5:1. 6.10.4.3 For warning signs and their auxiliary signs made of good luminous materials, the brightness of any luminous area on the surface should not be less than 0.51cd/m. The ratio of the maximum brightness to the minimum brightness of the surface of the text auxiliary sign should not exceed 3:2, and the ratio of the maximum brightness to the minimum brightness of the graphic sign should not exceed 5:2.
6.11 Fire safety signs installed outdoors shall meet the following requirements: 6.11.1 The center point of outdoor signboards attached to buildings shall not be less than 1.3m above the ground. 6.11.2 The lower edge of outdoor signboards fixed with sign poles shall be more than 1.2m above the ground. 6.11.2.1 The inner edge of signboards installed at the edge of the road shall not be less than 0.25m from the edge of the road surface (or shoulder), and the height of the lower edge of the signboard from the road surface shall be between 1.8 and 2.5m. As shown in Figure 6. 6.11.2.2 When installing signboards installed at the edge of the road, the plane where the signboard is located shall be perpendicular to the direction of travel or at an angle of 80° to 90°, as shown in Figure 7.
Signboard
Signboard
GB15630
Direction of travel
Signboard
80″~90°
6.11.2.3 The distance from the warning sign set on the edge of the road to the dangerous place shall be selected according to Table 1 based on the calculated driving speed of the road. Table 1 Distance from warning sign to dangerous place
Calculated driving speed, km/h
Distance from sign to dangerous place, m
100~250
6.11.3 Fire safety signs should be set up in a bright outdoor environment. The minimum average surface illumination of various signs used in daily situations should not be less than 51x, and the uniformity of illumination should not be less than 0.7. At night or in a darker environment Fire safety signs used in the environment should be illuminated to meet the minimum average illumination requirements, and can also be made of self-luminous materials. Fire safety signs set on the edge of the road for vehicles can also be made of retroreflective materials. For the reflective method, please refer to Appendix B (reference). 6.12 For underground projects, "Emergency Exit" signs should be set on the walls on both sides of the passage and at the corners. The center point of the sign should be between 1.0m and 1.2m above the ground. It can also be set on the ground (as shown in Figure 3). The spacing between signs should not be greater than 10m. The lighting of the signs shall meet the requirements of Articles 6.10.4 and 6.13. 6.13 The continuous power supply time of the power supply for emergency lighting of the signs shall meet the corresponding standards or specifications of the environment, but shall not be less than 20 min.
7 Setting method
7.1 Method
7.1.1 Attachment type: Fire safety signs can be directly attached to buildings and other facilities by nailing, pasting, inlaying, etc., as shown in Figures 3 and 4 B, C, and D.
7.1.2 Suspension type: Use a hanger, zipper, etc. to hang the sign in the corresponding position. Suitable for hotels, restaurants, waiting (ship, plane) room halls and entrances and exits. As shown in Figure 5.
7.1.3 Column type: Fix the sign on the sign pole and erect it near its indicator. As shown in Figure 6. 7.2 Gap
7.2.1 When two or more square fire safety signs are set together, there should be at least 0.2 times the nominal size of the sign between each sign. Gap, as shown in Figure 8.
7.2.2 When two square signs in opposite directions are placed side by side, in order to avoid confusion, a gap of at least one sign should be left between the two signs, as shown in Figure 9.
7.2.3 When the evacuation sign and the fire extinguishing equipment sign are placed side by side and the two directions are the same, the fire extinguishing equipment sign should be placed on the top and the evacuation sign on the bottom. The gap between the two signs should not be less than 0.2 times the nominal size of the signs. As shown in Figure 10. 7.2.4 More than two signboards can be set on one sign pole. But no more than 4. 7.2.4.1 They should be arranged in the order of warning signs (triangles), prohibition signs (circles with slashes), and prompt signs (squares), first up and then down, first left and then right, as shown in Figure 11.
GB 15630--1995
Fire extinguishing equipment signs
Evacuation signs
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7.2.4.2 According to the location of installation, the installation of signs shall comply with the requirements of Article 6.11.2 of this standard. 7.2.4.3 When square and other shaped signs are installed together, the gap between the square sign and the sign pole shall not be less than 0.2 times the nominal size of the sign, and the gap between other shaped signs and the sign pole shall not be less than 5cm, as shown in Figure 11a. 7.2.4.4 When two or more triangular (shaped) signs or triangular, circular, and square signs are installed on the same sign pole, the gap between each sign shall not be less than 5cm, as shown in Figure 11b. 7.2.4.5 When two square signs are installed on one pole, the gap between the two shall not be less than 0.2 times the nominal size of the sign, as shown in Figure 11c.
7.3 Fixing method
7.3.1 If the attached fire safety sign is fixed with nails, in general, circular and triangular signboards should be fixed at least three points, and square and rectangular signboards should be fixed at least four points. The fixing points should be selected at the edge of the base color. The signboards pasted with glue should be fully coated with glue on the back or glued on the edges and center points. 7.3.2 The fire safety signboards installed by hanging should use at least two hanging rods (lines) and should not be tilted after hanging. Lighter signs should be equipped with more solid brackets before hanging.
7.3.3 The fire safety signboards installed on the column should be firmly fixed to the sign pole with bolts, pipe clamps, etc. The fixing method can be carried out with reference to Figure 12.
Gongzhi Sign
GB 15630-1995
Figure 12b
7.3.3.1 The fire safety sign installed outdoors should take into account the effect of wind pressure, which can be calculated according to the following formula: pbZxz.net
Where P is the wind pressure per unit area, Pa; o is the air density, generally 1.2258kg/m2; c
C is the wind force coefficient (c12 for signboards, c0.7 for signposts) and wind speed, m/s (generally 30m50m/s). After the external force is calculated, the stability of the signboard, signpost, beam, connecting bolts and foundation is checked according to the different support methods of the signboard, and the cross-sectional dimensions of each part are obtained.
7.3.3.2 If the strength of the signboard is not enough, the strength can be improved by thickening, reinforcing the back with ribs or curling, etc. 7.3.4 Fire safety signs installed in other ways should be firm to ensure that they play their due role. 8 Inspection and maintenance
The installed fire safety signs and lighting fixtures should be inspected at least once every six months. If any of the following situations occur, they should be repaired, replaced or reset in time:
damaged or lost,
the chromaticity coordinates and brightness factor of the sign exceed their applicable range (see Table C1 in Appendix C); C.
the retroreflective coefficient of the retroreflective sign is less than 50% of the minimum reflection coefficient (see Table C2 in Appendix C); Failure to meet the requirements of Articles 6.10.4, 6.11.3, 6.12 and 6.13 of this standard. US,
GB15630-1995
Appendix A
Method and example for determining observation distance D
(reference)
Observation distance should be determined according to the location of the sign and the observation location: A1 As shown in Figure A1a, if the sign is set at A and is required to maintain good visibility for observers at the door, then the observation distance D is the distance from the eyes of the observer at the door to the sign. Biao Hui
Figure A1 Plan of the room where the sign is set
2 If the sign is required to maintain good visibility for observers standing at any position in the room, then the maximum observation distance D should be found, that is, the distance from the eyes of the observer farthest from the sign in the room to the sign. As shown in Figure A1b, if the sign is set at A, then the maximum observation distance is DA; if the sign is set at B, then the maximum observation distance is DB. A3 The maximum observation distance of outdoor prohibition signs and warning signs should be determined based on the safe distance at which the content of the prohibition and warning causes the observer to react. For example, if fireworks are prohibited within 20m around a dangerous goods warehouse, the maximum observation distance D is 20m. A4 The maximum observation distance D of the signs set on the edge of the road should be determined according to the speed of the fire truck or other vehicles. For details, please refer to the recommended maximum observation distance in Table A1.
Relationship between driving speed and maximum observation distance Table A1
Calculation of driving speed o.km/h
Maximum observation distance D, m that meets the requirements of eye-catchingness Sign model
Appendix B
Reflective method of fire safety signs made of retro-reflective materials (reference)
Prohibition signs use all reflective black patterns and non-reflective, and other reflective. Group 2 Warning signs use yellow background for reflection, black patterns and edge cakes are non-reflective 60
B3 In the warning signs, the signs with simpler symbols use all reflective; the signs with more complex symbols can use white symbols for reflection, and red or green backgrounds are non-reflective.
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