Some standard content:
QB/T2385--1998
This standard is an industry product standard covered by GB/T3324-1995 "General Technical Conditions for Wooden Furniture". Dark precious hardwood furniture (rosewood furniture is only a part of it) is a traditional Chinese solid wood craft furniture with a long history and exquisite workmanship. It is a treasure of our country. Taking into account the historical evolution, taking into account the national customs and innovation, and paying more attention to export and consumer rights, this standard stipulates that furniture must be named and marked according to the name of the main wood species used in the product. Appendix A of this standard is a prompt appendix.
This standard is proposed by the Industry Management Department of the State Bureau of Light Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Furniture Standardization Center. The main drafting units of this standard are: Nantong Ziguang Artwork Co., Ltd., Shanghai Furniture Research Institute; participating drafting units: Changshu Dongda Rosewood Furniture Co., Ltd., Shanghai Longyi Rosewood Furniture Co., Ltd., Shanghai Mingli Rosewood Furniture Factory, Shanghai Gulong Rosewood Decoration Company, Shenzhen Youlian Furniture Company.
The main drafters of this standard are Ji Hua, Shen Yanxiong and Chen Xiaohua. 0
1Scope
Light Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Furniture
Dark precious hardwood furniture
QB/T 2385 1998
This standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and labeling, packaging, transportation and storage of dark precious hardwood furniture.
This standard applies to dark precious hardwood furniture. This standard does not apply to imitation dark precious hardwood furniture. 2Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T1931—1991Determination of moisture content of woodGB/T1933—1991Determination of density of woodGB/T 3324 -- 1995
5General technical requirements for wooden furniture
GB/T 3326--1997
GB/T 3327 --1997
GB/T 3328--- 1997
Main dimensions of tables, chairs and stools
Main dimensions of cabinets
Main dimensions of beds
GB/T 4893--1985
Determination of paint film on furniture surface
GB/T 4893. 9---1992
GB/T 10357----1989
Determination of impact resistance of furniture surface paint film
Test of mechanical properties of furniture
GB/T 10357. 6 --1992
Test of mechanical properties of furniture
GB/T 10357- 7 -- 1995
Test of mechanical properties of furnitureWww.bzxZ.net
ZB/TY 81002. 1--1989
Soft furniture sofa
3 Terminology
3.1 Dark precious hard book
Single virtual bed Strength and durability
Stability of tables
A general term for a type of commercial wood produced in tropical and subtropical areas. The heartwood and sapwood of this type of commercial wood are clearly distinguished. The heartwood has beautiful patterns. The wood is strong, hard, heavy, resistant to decay and moth, and has stable properties. For example, rosewood, huanghuali wood, rosewood, rosewood and other red wood and other dark precious hardwoods. Note: See Appendix A (suggestive appendix) for the characteristics of dark precious hardwoods and their woods. 3.2 Solid wood furniture
Wooden furniture whose main parts are made of solid wood profiles and solid wood boards. 3.3 Dark precious hardwood covered furniture
Solid wood furniture whose surface is covered with 6~10mm thick dark precious hardwood solid boards. 3.4 Dark precious hardwood furniture
is a general term for the commodities of this type of furniture, including solid wood furniture whose main parts are made of dark precious hardwood and dark precious hardwood covered furniture! 3.5 Dark precious hardwood furniture
Dark precious hardwood veneer furniture and dark precious hardwood veneer furniture are collectively referred to as imitation dark precious hardwood furniture. Approved by the State Bureau of Light Industry on May 14, 1998
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Implemented on March 1, 1999
3.5.1 Dark precious hardwood veneer furniture
QB/T2385-1998
Wooden furniture with dark precious hardwood veneer or thin wood veneer on the surface. 3.5.2 Dark precious hardwood veneer furniture
Wooden furniture with dark precious hardwood wood grain paper veneer or dark precious hardwood color paint film on the surface. 3.6 Sofa chair
Seating made entirely of wood, with backrest and armrests and shaped like a sofa. 4 Product classification
Dark precious hardwood furniture is a general term for a type of furniture and should not be used as the name of a specific product. 4.1 Classification by the name of the wood species mainly used in the product Name and classify the products according to the name of the wood species mainly used in the product, such as red sandalwood furniture, ebony furniture, rosewood furniture, rosewood furniture and merbau furniture, etc. 4.2 Classification by material proportion
Taking rosewood furniture as an example, products can be classified into the following three categories according to the material proportion: a) All rosewood furniture, which means that all wooden parts of the product, except for the mirror support and the support line, must be made of rosewood; b) Main part rosewood furniture, which means that the visual parts of the product must be made of rosewood, and other dark precious hardwood species or other high-quality materials other than dark precious hardwood species can be used in the interior and hidden places; c) Rosewood covered furniture, which means that the self-visible parts of the product are covered with rosewood solid boards, and other similar high-quality woods can be used in the interior and hidden places.
Main Parts For rosewood furniture and rosewood-covered furniture, the specific parts of the furniture using wood species other than rosewood should be clearly stated in the quality assurance provided by the enterprise.
4.3 Classification by Species
Dark precious hardwood furniture can be classified into bedroom furniture, sofa chair sets, dining tables and chair sets, writing desks, flower stands and screens, etc.
5 Product Marking
The product marking consists of the following six parts, which are arranged in order: Material ratio
Timber species
Product model
Number of products
Product variety
Product specifications
Marking example 1: A set of dining tables and chairs made entirely of Tibetan Zungo wood, totaling seven pieces, model 94-1, with a length, width and height of 1,200 mm X800 mm×760 mm:
All 94-1 pineapple wood seven-piece dining table and chairs 1,200 mm×800 mm×760 mmMarking example 2: An A4-type double-door bookcase made of flower cracked wood as the basic material, with the back and inner lining made of camphor wood, with a width, depth and height of 800 mmX400 mmX1,800 mm :
Main parts Rosewood A4 type double door bookcase 800mm×400mm×1800mm6 Technical requirements
6.1 Main dimensions
6.1.1 The main dimensions of tables, chairs and stools shall comply with the provisions of GB/T3326. 6.1.2 The main dimensions of cabinets shall comply with the provisions of GB/T3327. 6.1.3 The main dimensions of beds shall comply with the provisions of GB/T3328. 6.1.4 The main dimensions of sofa chairs shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. 106
Single seat front width
480~600
QB/T 2385-- 1998
Seat front height
300420
Note: For double and double sofa chairs with L:, the seat front width shall be increased accordingly according to the single seat front width in Table 1. 6.2 Dimensional tolerance
Handrail height
The product's outer dimensions and main dimensions limit deviations shall comply with the provisions of 4.1.4 of GB/T3324--1995. 6.3 Shape and position tolerance
The product's shape and position tolerances shall comply with the provisions of (Table 1 of 4.2 of GB/T3324-1995. 6.4 Material requirements
≥300
6.4.1 The product's surface shall be free of sapwood, and the internal parts that affect the structural strength shall also be free of sapwood. The area content of sapwood in other parts on the part shall not exceed one tenth of the part (sapwood with a width of less than 5mm is not counted). 6.4.2 Wood used for the product's surface The color and texture of the wood should be basically similar. Decorative materials are not subject to this restriction. 6.4.3 The moisture content of the wood of the product should not be higher than the annual average wood balance moisture content of the area where the product is located plus 1%. If the product distributor or group ordering unit has other requirements for the moisture content of the wood, it should be clearly stated in the contract. 6.4.4 The air-dried density of the wood used for the product should not be less than 0.6g/cm. 6.4.5 The tree species used for the product should be consistent with the tree species and their components stated in the company's "Product Quality Guarantee". 6.4.6 The type of paint film on the surface of the product shall be consistent with the type of paint indicated in the enterprise's "Product Quality Guarantee". 6.4.7 Other woods such as camphor wood used inside the product shall comply with the provisions of 4.3 of GB/T3324--1995. 6.5I. Artistic structure requirements
6.5.1 The artistic style of the product shall be unified, and the processing patterns such as carving, inlaying, fillet, and line type shall be consistent with the designed pattern. 6.5.2 The carving process shall keep the pattern complete, clear, and well-layered, and the bottom of the scrape shall be flat, smooth, and free of knife marks. 6.5.3 The inlay process shall keep the pattern complete, the inlay shall be tight, firm, and flat, and there shall be no cross-line knife marks. 6.5.4
The lines shall be uniform, straight, symmetrical, and smooth, and the fillets shall be symmetrical, smooth, and smooth. The joints of the glued parts shall be tight, and no black glue joints are allowed. The mounting of the panel parts shall not be loose or separated. The spacing between various process separation lines should be uniform and straight, and the difference in spacing size should not exceed 1mm. The bottom of the concave should be flat and clean. The riveting should be tight and firm, and the maximum gap should be less than 0.2mm. Looseness and cracks are not allowed. Wood processing should be delicate and exquisite, and processing defects are not allowed. 6.5.10 The droop after extension should not exceed 20mm, and the lateral swing should not exceed 15mm. 6.6 Requirements for paint film coating
6.6.1 The paint film coating should be flat and smooth, without wood pores sinking or paint leakage, the color should be similar, the texture should be clear, and there should be no other processing defects. 6.6.2 The painted or unpainted parts of the inner surface of the product should be kept clean, smooth and free of burrs. 6.7 Hardware accessories and installation requirements
6.7.7 The hardware accessories used should be coordinated with the artistic shape and color tone of the product. 6.7.2 The installation position of hardware accessories should be correct, tight, firm and flat, no looseness is allowed, screws should not break in the installation hole, no burrs are allowed, opening and closing should be flexible, and there should be no self-opening defects. 6.7.3 The gap between the lock core and the lock hole should not be greater than 0.2mm, the lock core plane should not be lower than the base surface, and it is allowed to protrude from the base surface by no more than 2mm. 6.7.4 The mirror glass plane should be flat, without obvious wave marks, bubbles, and fog. The installation of the back support plate of the mirror should be flat, firm, and not loose. The support plate lines should be chamfered and free of burrs, and the coating should be clean and smooth. 6.8 Requirements for physical and chemical properties of paint film coating
Please refer to Table 2 for the requirements for physical and chemical properties of paint film coating.
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Test item name
Liquid resistance determination
Adhesion determination
Dry heat resistance determination
Wet heat resistance determination
Abrasion resistance determination
Cold and hot temperature difference resistance determination
Paint film thickness determination
Paint film surface impact resistance determination
Paint film surface gloss determination
QB/T 2385—1998
Test conditions
10% sodium carbonate, 30% acetic acid, 24h
2 mmX2mm cross cutting method, zinc oxide adhesive tape sticking 85C.15min
90℃ copper cup pressing single layer nylon spinning soaked in distilled water, 15min mixed paint 4001, pure national paint 200r
40℃±2℃ and -20℃±2℃, 1h.3 cycles 120° cone hole, measured with 40x microscope
Impact energy: impact drop height 100mm reproducibility measured by photoelectric gloss meter with gloss not less than 2% 6.9 Product mechanical performance requirements
Technical requirements
≥3 level
≥3 level
≥3 level
No bubbling, cracks and obvious gloss loss
≥20 μm
≥3 levels
The mechanical properties of the product shall be carried out in accordance with the test items specified in GB/T10357 and GB/T10357.6~10357.7, and evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the 2-level test level.
6.9.1 During the cabinet stability test, the door is vertically loaded with 100N and the drawer is vertically loaded with 150N. 6.9.2 After the cabinet strength and durability test: a) The ratio of the shelf deflection to the length shall not be greater than 0.5%; b) The ratio of the clothes hanging rod deflection to the length shall not be greater than 0.4%; c) The displacement value of the clothes hanging rod support shall not be greater than 2mm; d) The displacement value of the main structure and the bottom frame shall not be greater than 15mm. 7 Test method
7.1 Determination of main dimensions
The determination of main dimensions shall comply with the provisions of 5.3 of GB/T3324-1995. 7.2 Determination of shape and position tolerances
Determination of shape and position tolerances shall comply with the provisions of 5.4 of GB/T3324-1995. 7.3 Determination of wood moisture content
Determination of wood moisture content shall comply with the provisions of 5.2 of GB/T3324-1995, or be determined in accordance with the provisions of GB/T1931. 7.4 Determination of air-dry density
Determination of air-dry density shall comply with the provisions of GB/T1933. 7.5 Physical and chemical properties tests
Physical and chemical properties tests shall comply with the provisions of GB/T4893 and GB/T4893.9. 7.6 Mechanical properties tests
Mechanical properties tests shall comply with the provisions of GB/T10357, GB/T10357.6 and 10357.7. 7.7 Tree species identification
Tree species identification shall be carried out by comparing with the sample, and the macroscopic characteristics or microscopic structure of wood can be identified if necessary. 7.8 Determination of sag and swing
The determination of sag and swing of drawers shall comply with the provisions of 5.4.7 of GB/T3324-1995. 7.9 Appearance requirements inspection
The appearance requirements inspection shall be carried out under natural light or near natural light (such as 40W fluorescent lamp), with a viewing distance of 7001000mm, by three people, and the majority of the same conclusions shall be the evaluation value. The spacing or gap shall be measured with a feeler gauge or a steel ruler with an error of no less than 0.6mm per meter.
8 Inspection rules
Product inspection is divided into type inspection and factory inspection. 8.1 Type inspection
8.1.1 Type inspection is a comprehensive assessment of product quality, that is, the technical requirements specified in the standard and the contents of 9.1 are all inspected. 8.1.2 Type inspection should be carried out in any of the following situations. a) Trial production and identification of new products or old products transferred to the factory for production; b) After the formal production, if there are major changes in structure, materials, and processes, which may affect product performance; c) During normal production, a periodic inspection should be carried out regularly or after accumulating a certain amount of production, and the inspection cycle is generally one year; d) When the product is resumed after a long period of suspension; e) When the results of the export inspection are significantly different from those of the last type inspection; f) When the national quality supervision agency proposes a type inspection requirement. 8.1.3 Type inspection adopts sampling inspection, and randomly selects products within an inspection cycle. The sampling number of unit products in pieces is 4 pieces, 2 pieces are sealed and 2 pieces are sent for inspection; the sampling number of unit products in sets is 2 sets, 1 set is sealed and 1 set is sent for inspection (if there are multiple products with the same mechanism in the set, 2 pieces are sent and the rest are also sealed). The sample for the physical and chemical properties test of the paint film should generally be obtained directly from the sample, or the specification size and quantity of the sample can be made under the same process conditions as the inspected product. See the provisions of GB/T4893. 8.1.4 The samples sent for inspection shall be inspected according to the following procedures, of which the sample is for appearance inspection: after the other sample is subjected to the mechanical properties test, a sample is obtained from the sample for physical and chemical properties test.
8.1.5 Determination rules for unit products
a) After inspection, all products of this model that are qualified in all the items to be inspected are judged as superior products (i.e., Grade A products); b) After inspection, all products of this model that are qualified in all the items to be inspected except for a maximum of 2 unqualified items in the dimensional tolerance and shape and position tolerance are judged as - products (i.e., Grade B products); c) After inspection, all products of this model that are qualified in all the items to be inspected except for a maximum of 3 unqualified items in the dimensional tolerance and shape and position tolerance, or a maximum of 2 unqualified items in other appearance requirements (referring to 6.4.7 to 6.7.4) are judged as qualified products (i.e., Grade (products), otherwise Unqualified products.
8.1.6 The judgment of a complete set of products shall be made by taking the sample with the lowest physical quality level of the unit product among the samples submitted for inspection for mechanical property test, and taking the worst piece for appearance inspection, and then evaluating according to the provisions of 8.1.5 as the judgment conclusion of the set of products. 8.1.7 If the type inspection fails, a re-inspection may be carried out. The items that failed the type inspection and the items that could not be inspected due to damage of the test piece shall be inspected; the test must take a product containing the re-inspected items from the sealed sample. The inspection results shall be evaluated according to the provisions of 8.1.5 to 8.1.6, and the conclusion of "re-inspection qualified (or unqualified)" shall be noted in the inspection report. 8.1.8 The confirmation of superior and second-class products shall be based on the inspection certificate of physical quality level issued by the national testing center, the industry's professional inspection agency or the inspection agency commissioned by the state or industry; qualified products shall be determined by the enterprise inspection. 8.2 Factory inspection
8.2.1 Factory inspection is the inspection that must be carried out before the product leaves the factory. The inspection shall be carried out by the production enterprise on the basis of the qualified type inspection of this cycle:
8.2.2 The items of factory inspection are 6.1~6.7 and 9.1. 8.2.3 The factory inspection shall be carried out on all products. 8.2.4 The judgment rules of single piece (or complete set of products) shall comply with the provisions of 8.1.5.8.1.6. -TTi KAONi KAca-
9 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
9.1 Marking
QB/T 2385--1998
9.1.1 The product should have a permanent factory mark; the product should also be marked in the form of a "Product Quality Guarantee" in Chinese. The sales invoice number should be filled in the "Product Quality Guarantee".
9.1.2 The product mark must include the following: a) manufacturer's name, factory address and telephone number, postal code; b) product mark:
c) product main technical parameters;
d) quality grade;
e) three guarantees (shelf life shall not be less than two years). 9.1.3 The main technical parameters of the product on the mark must include the following: a) the name of the main wood species used in the product; b) the name of the tree species of the auxiliary materials and the parts where they are used; c) the use of sapwood;
d) the moisture content of the finished wood and the applicable environmental requirements; e) the type of paint and its thickness of the coating.
9.2 Packaging
To prevent the appearance quality of the product from being damaged, the product should be properly packaged and should have product markings and quality grades when necessary. 9.3 Transportation
The product should be padded and covered during transportation to prevent damage and sun and rain. 9.4 Storage
The product should be kept ventilated and dry during storage, and meet the product's use environment requirements to prevent pollution and sun and rain; padding should be added when stacking to prevent crushing.
A1 Rosewood
QB/T 2385—1998
Appendix A
(Indicative Appendix)
Dark precious hardwood and its material characteristics
In furniture materials, rosewood refers to the high-quality dark heartwood of precious tree species in the genera Dalbergia and Dalbergia of the Leguminosae family. A1.1 Rosewood
Pterocarpus santalinus is a rare tree species of the genus Pterocarpus in the subfamily Papilionoideae of the Leguminosae family.
English name: rosewood, red sandalwood, red sanders. Other names: purple sandalwood, red sanders, rosewood, rosewood, sea purple plant. Distribution or main production area: Pterocarpus santalinus is produced in tropical Asia, such as India, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and the South Pacific Islands. There is also a small amount of production in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi in my country.
Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is narrow and white, the heartwood is bright red or orange-red, and turns purple-brown after being exposed to the air for a long time; the wood color is relatively uniform, and purple-brown stripes are common. The growth rings are not obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, the pores are mostly single, containing reddish-brown gum and white sediments. The axial parenchyma is banded (paratracheal type, free-tracheal type), wing-shaped and annular. The wood rays are extremely fine, mainly single-row, the radial surface markings are not obvious, and the tangential surface has wavy marks. The wood is shiny and has a special aroma; the texture is staggered, the structure is dense, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard, heavy, and delicate, with an air-dry density of 1.05-1.26g/cm. The wood contains rosewood, which is soluble in alcohol or ether; wood powder or wood chips boiled in water show fluorescence. A1.2 Yellow rosewood
Dalbergia odorifera is a rare species of the genus Dalbergia in the subfamily Papilionoideae of the family Leguminosae.
English name: scented rosewood. Other names: scented rosewood, fragrant rosewood, flower palm, fragrant branch, rosewood. Distribution or main origin: Dalbergia odorifera is a rare species unique to my country, distributed in the plains or hilly areas at low altitudes of Hainan Island, and is now also cultivated in Guangdong and Guangxi.
Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is light yellow-brown, the heartwood is reddish brown to purple-reddish brown, and becomes dark after a long time; the wood color is uneven, often mixed with dark brown stripes. The growth rings are slightly obvious. Diffuse-porous or semi-ring-porous wood, the pores are mostly single, containing reddish-brown gum and white sediments. The axial parenchyma is banded (paratracheal, free-tracheal), wing-shaped, annular bundle-shaped and wheel-boundary. The wood rays are extremely fine to fine, mainly in double rows; the radial surface has slightly obvious markings, and the tangential surface has wavy marks. The wood is shiny, with a spicy aroma and a slightly spicy taste; the texture is oblique or staggered, the structure is fine and hooked, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.930.97g/cm2. A1.3 Rosewood
Dalbergia spp., a precious tree species with high-quality dark heartwood in the genus Dalbergia of the subfamily Papilionoideae of the Leguminosae family.
English name: rosewood, blackwood, etc. Other names: purple elm, redwood, blackwood, etc. Distribution or main production area: Dalbergia species are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, and the main production areas are India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Brazil, Madagascar and other countries. Dalbergia fusca Pierre var enneadra Zou et Liu in Xishuangbanna, Lincang and parts of Simao in Yunnan, my country is a variant of Dalbergia fusca, commonly known as ox-horn wood. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is yellowish white to yellowish brown, and some species are brown; the heartwood is orange, light reddish brown, reddish brown, purple-red, purple-brown to black brown; the wood color is uneven, and the dark stripes are obvious. The growth rings are not obvious or slightly obvious. Diffuse-porous wood or semi-ring-porous wood, single pores, a few radially arranged compound pores or sparse pore clusters, containing dark gum, sediment or infilling. The axial parenchyma is wing-shaped, poly-wing-shaped, ribbon-shaped, ring-tube bundle-shaped and ring-boundary-shaped. The wood rays are extremely fine to fine, mainly in double rows; the radial surface has inconspicuous or slightly obvious markings; the tangential surface has wavy marks. The wood is shiny, with a sour taste or sour aroma (a few have a rose aroma), oblique or staggered texture, fine and uniform structure (a few are medium), resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, air-dry density of 0.75-1.28g/cm, and usually sinks in water. TKAONiKAca-
QB/T 2385-1998
Main species of commercial wood: D. latifolia, D. fusca, D. cultratu, D. nigru, D. melanorylon, D. cochinchinensis, D. oliveri, D. buriensis, D. greveana, D. retusa, etc. A1.4 Rosewood
A precious species with high-quality dark heartwood in the Pterocarpus genus of the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae.
English name: padauk, narra, etc. Alias: New rosewood, fragrant mahogany, etc. Distribution or main production area: Pterocarpus species are distributed in tropical areas around the world, with the main production areas being India, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, the Philippines, Indonesia, Angola, Brazil and other countries. It is also introduced and cultivated in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong and Guangxi regions of my country. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, with the sapwood being yellowish white to grayish brown; the heartwood being light yellowish brown, orange brown, reddish brown, purple red to purple brown; the wood color is relatively uniform, with dark stripes visible. The growth rings are not obvious or slightly obvious. Diffuse-porous or semi-ring-porous wood, with single pores and a few radially arranged compound pores, containing dark gum, sediment or infilling bodies. The axial parenchyma is wing-shaped, poly-wing-shaped, ribbon-shaped, annular bundle-shaped and wheel-boundary-shaped. The rays are thin to very thin, mainly single-row; the radial surface markings are not obvious or slightly obvious; the chord surface has wavy marks. The wood is shiny and has a slight or significant fragrance; the texture is interlaced, the structure is fine and uniform (some South American and African ones are slightly coarser), it is resistant to magic and durable. The material is hard and heavy (some are medium), the strength is high (some are medium), and the air-dry density is 0.6~1.01g/cm. It usually floats on water. The water infusion of wood powder or sawdust often shows fluorescence. The main species of commercial wood: Burmese red sandalwood (P. macrocarpus), Vietnamese red sandalwood (P.cambodianus), P.pedatus, P.dalbergioides, P.marsupium, P.indicus, P.echinatus, P.soyauri, etc.
A2 Other dark precious hardwoods
Other dark precious hardwoods refer to dark precious hardwoods other than mahogany in furniture materials. The following are commonly used commercial wood species. A2.1 Ebony
A precious tree species with black heartwood in the Diospyros genus of the Ebenaceae family. English name: ebony, marblewood, zebra wood, etc. Other names: ebony, marble wood, spotted wood, bird plum, tribute tree, etc. Distribution or main production area: The black heartwood of the Diospyros genus is mainly produced in tropical Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Madagascar and other countries. It is also produced in Taiwan, Hainan and other places in my country. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is white (with yellowish brown or blue-gray) to light reddish brown; the heartwood is black (pure black or slightly green jade) and irregular black heartwood (with alternating dark and light stripes). The growth rings are not obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, the pores are small to very small; single and radial, uneven, rich in inclusions, black. The axial parenchyma is mainly tangential. The wood rays are fine to very fine; the radial surface marks are not obvious; the tangential surface wave marks are not seen. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is shallowly interlaced, the structure is fine and hooked, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, delicate (with a greasy feel), the air-dry density is 1.05~1.20g/cm2, and it usually sinks in water. Main commercial timber species: Ebony (D.ebenum), Indian ebony (D.melanorylon), Andaman birdwood (D.marmorata), downy ebony (ID.tomentosa), East Indian ebony (D.montana), Sulawesi ebony (D.celebica), Cochin birdwood (D.vera), Taiwan ebony (D.discotor), thick petal ebony (D.crassiflora), soft hair persimmon (D.mollis), etc. A2.2 Chicken wing wood
Chicken wing wood, also known as Qi Zi wood, is a kind of precious tree species with brown and black heartwood and pattern resembling chicken wings. Its main commercial timber species include Cassiasiamea, Millettia pendula, etc. A2.2.1 Cassia siamea is a precious tree species of the genus Cassia in the subfamily Caesalpinoideae of the family Leguminosae.
English name: siame senna, cassia. Other names: black heart tree, knife tree, etc. Distribution or main production area: Cassia siamea is mainly produced in tropical Asia, such as India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and other countries. It is also produced in small quantities in Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi in my country.
Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is slightly wider and yellowish white; the heartwood is chestnut brown to dark brown, and black stripes are common. Growth rings are unknown12
QB/T 2385:1998
obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, with medium-sized and slightly fewer pores, evenly distributed; single pores, a few multiple pores, containing black gum, sediment or infilling. The axial parenchyma is rich, and the bundles, wings and paratubes are wide and concentrically wavy, and their width is almost equal to the mechanical tissue band. The wood rays are fine to very fine and very dense; the radial surface can be seen with spots; the tangential surface wave marks are not seen. The wood has a weak luster, no special smell and taste; the texture is straight or slightly staggered, the structure is slightly coarse, resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.75-0.88g/cm. A2.2.2 Millettia pendula, a precious tree species of the genus Millettiu in the family Leguminosae, the family Papilionoideae.
English name: thinwin. Other names: light black, Dingwen wood. Distribution or main production area: Black millettia pendula is produced in Myanmar and western Thailand. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is slightly wide and gray-brown; the heartwood is dark reddish brown to purple-brown, with stripes of light and dark colors. The growth rings are not obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, with few or very few pores, of medium size and close to uniformity, unevenly distributed; single pores, a few compound pores, pores containing black gum, sediment or infilling. The axial thin wall is obvious, wing-shaped, wing-shaped, and connected into concentric bands. The wood rays are fine to very fine; the radial surface has visible markings; the tangential surface has local ripples. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is staggered, the structure is slightly coarse, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.831.00g/cm. A2.3 Ormosia spp., a precious tree species with high-quality dark heartwood in the genus Ormosiu of the subfamily Papilionoideae of the family Leguminosae.
English name: ormosia, saga, bahai, etc. Alias: Red bean wood, red heart red bean, bird heart red bean, etc. Distribution or main production area: Red bean species are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, and the main production areas are India, the Philippines, Malaysia, Sumatra, Guyana and other countries. It is also produced in various places in southern my country. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is light yellow; the heartwood is chestnut brown, orange-red brown to purple-red brown. The growth rings are not obvious or slightly obvious. Diffuse porous wood, with few to very few pores, medium size; single pores or radially arranged multiple pores, evenly distributed, containing gum, sediment or infilling. The axial parenchyma is abundant, wing-shaped, poly-wing-shaped, ribbon-shaped, annular and wheel-bounded. The wood rays are fine to very fine; the radial surface markings are visible; the tangential surface has wavy marks. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is straight or oblique, the structure is fine and hooked (or slightly coarse), and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy (or medium), with slightly higher (or medium) strength, and the air-dry density is 0.6-0.8g/cm. The main commercial wood species are: Henry red bean (O.henryi), Hubei red bean (O.hosiei), olive green red bean (O.olivaceu), wood pod red bean (Orylocurpa), small leaf red bean (O.microphylla), deep red red bean (O.coccinea), Sumatra red bean (O.sumatranu), Karagui red grain (O.caluvsis), etc.
A2.4 Ironwood
Ironwood, also known as ironwood, is the name of a precious tree species with hard and tough wood. Its main commercial wood species are erythrophleum fordii, ironwood (Mesuu ferrea), etc. A2.4.1 Erythrophleumfordii is a precious tree species of the genus Erythrophleum in the subfamily Caesalpinoideae of the family Leguminosae.
English name: lim, forderythrophleum, etc. Other names: Tokyo wood, ironwood, etc. Distribution or main production area: Erythrophleum fordii is mainly produced in Vietnam, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other places in my country. Characteristics and wood properties: the heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is light yellow-brown; the heartwood is reddish brown or dark red, often with alternating dark and light stripes. The growth rings are not obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, the pores are small to medium and few in number; single pores and short-diameter row multiple pores contain dark resin or infilling. The axial parenchyma is obvious, wing-shaped, poly-wing-shaped and wheel-bounded. The wood rays are fine; the radial surface has visible markings; the tangential surface has local wavy marks. The wood is shiny, without any special smell or taste; the texture is interlaced, the structure is slightly coarse, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.80g/cm. A2.4.2Mesuaferrea, a precious tree species of the genus Mestta in the family Guttiferue. English names: gaugau, gangaw, common mesua, etc. Other names: iron chestnut, iron ridge, etc. Distribution or main origin: Mesuaferrea is distributed in tropical Asia, such as India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia and Indochina. It is also cultivated in Yunnan, my country.
Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is light reddish brown or grayish reddish brown; the heartwood is reddish brown to light purple brown with dark stripes, and turns dark reddish brown with time. Growth rings are not obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, with small to medium or slightly fewer pores; single pores, unevenly distributed, oblique or radial, rich in inclusions. The axial parenchyma is in the form of free-tube bands. With annular tracheids. The wood rays are fine to medium and dense at the base: the radial surface has visible markings, and the tangential surface has no ripples. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is interlaced; the structure is fine and uniform, and it is resistant to decay and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.97~~1.12 g/cm*.
A2.5 Xylia aytocarpa
Xylia aytocarpa or Xylia spp, a high-quality tree species of the genus Xylia in the subfamily Mimosoideae (or subfamily Albizziae) of the family Leguminosae. English name: pyinkado, camxe, irul, burmese ironwood, etc. Other names: pyinkado, Burmese ironwood, etc. Distribution or main production area: There are about 12 species of wood bean trees, distributed in tropical Asia, Madagascar and tropical Asia. The common tree species are wood bean (X, aylocarpa) and kerri bean (X.kerri). Wood bean (Xyliazylocarpa) is mainly produced in India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and other countries. It is also introduced and cultivated in Hainan, my country. Characteristics and wood properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is light reddish white or light grayish white; the heartwood is reddish brown with dark banded stripes. The growth rings are slightly obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, the pores are medium-sized; single pores and radially arranged multiple pores contain dark gum or sediments. The axial parenchyma is annular bundle (typical), wing-shaped, wing-shaped, and scattered or partially bounded. The wood rays are fine and slightly dense; the radial surface markings are not obvious; the tangential surface wave marks are not seen. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is staggered, the structure is slightly coarse, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.83-1.18g/cm. The notable feature of this wood is that the dark colloid in the pores often overflows from the surface, producing a sticky and greasy feeling. A2.6 Merbau
Intsia bijuga or Intsia spp., a high-quality tree species of the genus Intsia in the subfamily Caesalpinoideae of the family Leguminosae.
English name: merbau, mirabow, etc. Other names: pineapple, Pacific ironwood, etc. Distribution or main production area: There are about 9 species of merbau trees, distributed on the eastern coast of tropical Africa (coastal islands) and the coastal or low-altitude areas of tropical Asia. The common tree species are I. bijuga and I. palembanica. Intsia bijuga is mainly produced from Sumatra, Indonesia to New Guinea Island in Oceania. Characteristics and properties: The heartwood and sapwood are clearly distinguished, the sapwood is pale yellowish white to grayish white; the heartwood is reddish brown to light chestnut brown with dark banded stripes. The growth rings are slightly obvious. Diffuse-porous wood, the pores are of medium size; single pores and short-diameter row multiple pores, rich in inclusions. The axial parenchyma is obvious, in the shape of ring tubes, wings, a few wing-shaped and ring-boundary. The rays are fine and numerous; the radial surface markings are not obvious; the tangential surface wave marks are not seen. The wood is shiny, without special smell and taste; the texture is staggered, the structure is slightly coarse, and it is resistant to corrosion and durable. The material is hard and heavy, with high strength, and the air-dry density is 0.75~~0.94g/cm. The notable feature of this wood is that the sulfur-colored deposits in the pores are very obvious; it is easy to change color when it encounters iron and water. A3 Decorative wood Thin wood
Thin wood does not refer to the tree species of wood in botany, but refers to the wood in the nodules at the root or trunk, which is the result of wood growth of trees. The texture of the fistula is peculiar, with "special twisted patterns, sometimes containing many small knot-like growths", which is very ornamental. There are many varieties of thin wood. According to the tree species, there are rosewood, nanmu, birch, elm, camphor, etc.; according to the texture, there are walnut, grape, sesame, landscape, etc.; in Guangdong, according to the shape and size, they are called horse eye, cat eye, bird eye, mountain pattern, etc. Among them, rosewood (amboyna) is the most precious. Its shape and color resemble ripe grapes. It is an extremely precious decorative wood for making dark precious hardwood furniture. 11
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