Verification Regulation of D.C. Resistors
Some standard content:
Verification Regulation of DC Resistors. JJG 166—1993 Verification Regulation of DC Resistors JIG 166—1993 Replaces JJG166—14B4 JI:126—1988 This verification regulation was approved by the State Council Technical Supervision Bureau on May 15, 1993, and will be implemented from July 15, 1994. Responsible unit: China Academy of Basic Sciences Drafting unit: China Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Metrology Technical Research Technical provisions of the regulation shall be interpreted by the issuing unit. The main initiator: Shenyang Institute of Metrology ( China Institute of Metrology) Yintian Institute (China Institute of Metrology) Dong Yongning (Shanghai Institute of Metrology Technology 35h
Technical requirements
: Verification date...
Verification method and verification conditions...
()Appearance: Preliminary inspection of the line
(ii) Insulation detection.
(iii) Verification of residual resistance...
Verification of four basic water errors...
【--】General inspection of the general cattle,
(ii) Verification method
Measurement of the characteristics and variation of the measurement results of the whole film
Processing of the verification results and the aging period
Verification procedures for DC resistors
This regulation applies to the verification of a series of re-current resistors: the accuracy level is .α0050.02 for the seven resistors standard reference and standard instruments; the new manufacturing, in use and repaired pieces should be used as the following measuring tools, the accuracy level is .XH5~10.(1 consistent single value or digital signal electric fan:
Newly manufactured, in use and after repair as working: measuring instruments, accuracy level Single or multi-disc deca resistors of 0.0005-100 grade.
This regulation does not apply to:
a) Single or multi-value resistors and single or multi-disc deca resistors used only as electrical ratiometers, such as Harxon gauges, splitters, shunts, etc.
1) Resistors used as permanent components in circuits and components used only for adjustment:
2) Resistors used in alternating pulse circuits:
3) Interconnect or associated resistors used only as accessories for electrical measuring equipment and not used alone;
4) Active resistors.
一Technical requirements
1 The resistor board or machine shall have the following main signs and symbols: ±) Name, model, number:
b) Nominal value, accuracy, etc.;
) System, name or trademark:
Shan Nominal operating temperature range
+) Nominal (or maximum) operating power (current or voltage); Indicates the symbol given in the main text. 2 The basic error limit, deviation limit, coefficient of resistance and nominal value range of each grade of resistor working reference instrument and standard instrument shall meet the requirements of Table 1.
3 The basic error limit and differential limit of each grade of general electrical appliances used as measuring instruments shall meet the requirements of Table 2. 4 For multi-value inductors, the actual value of the inductor is related to each inductor, whether it is a single or a group, each indication shall correspond to a certain resistance value, and can be connected through the indicated terminals or other connection methods for measurement. For multi-value resistors with zero position in switching devices, the residual resistance value shall not exceed 0% of the allowable basic error limit of its small step resistance. The manufacturer must indicate the nominal value of the residual resistance and its difference. The negative difference of the residual resistance should not be greater than ten times the allowable basic technical error limit of the step resistance value, and the maximum shall not exceed 1m0. Note: For low-precision 1-step resistors produced before 1990 with switch devices, the resistance variation caused by each contact should not be greater than double the allowable basic error of the minimum step resistance value. For the minimum step resistance value less than or equal to 0.0, and the highest accuracy grade of the resistor is lower than or equal to level 1, the variation of the contact resistance should not be greater than 100% of the allowable basic error of the small step resistance value. For resistors of equal value with different step values, if their starting small step resistance value is less than or equal to 0.01, each contact should be opened! The resistance error should be greater than 50% of the specified value. The working principle of each resistor is to ensure that the sensitivity, relative sensitivity and dynamic response of the resistor should meet the requirements of Table 3 and Table 1. Frequency index:
Single frequency index
Special frequency index
Equivalent frequency index
10-:MY:
± 10.4:1
Main frequency limit
± Foc
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± SocCI
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Answer the nominal use range limit of resistors for temperature and temperature, and the limit value of the channel meets the requirements of case 8
8.1 Table 4.
Environmental setting
(atmosphere, viscous air, sugar)
Equal power index
50-100
1000100000
200.-1300
All 4 limits
All coordination
New limit value
Note, if the system is suitable for single The position is to indicate the type of use of each image quantity, the diagram used should not be too hot 4. The temperature, humidity and other conditions and light difference of the resistor should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. 8.2
System temperature, humidity and light difference should meet the requirements of clothing 5. t:
25%-7%
The difference between the two values shall not be less than (,; t: +*.
20% -50%
and below the voltage range:
The reference power (voltage), nominal optimum voltage attack rate (change voltage, series values see Table 6, Table 6
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9.4 When the device is under the conditions specified in Table 4, when the temperature, temperature, or voltage changes within the specified range, the change in resistance value shall not exceed the corresponding value of the insulation resistance between the circuit and any other external metal inductor connected to the optical circuit. The insulation resistance between the circuit and any other external metal inductor connected to the optical circuit shall meet the following requirements: a) For class 1 and .2 resistors and resistors with a nominal value of 1×10, the insulation resistance shall not be less than 100Ω for class 1 and .2 resistors and resistors with a nominal value of 1×10Ω. For class 1 and .05 resistors, the insulation resistance shall not be less than 100Ω for class 1 and 10Ω. c! For all other resistors of the same value, the insulation life is 1 million times the rated value, and the rated value of the resistor shall be the least selectable value. 2. The rated resistance value of the resistor shall be the same as that of the rated value (or the rated value of the resistor). 1.02 grade precision commercial resistors should also be larger than the nominal value or have independent temperature relief buttons. 4. Test number (effective value 1V) 10 ... Table 8
Nominal use voltage + upper limit (k
Standard use voltage + energy limit)
) For appliances with AC power grid components (constant temperature, switch off, etc.), according to the requirements of a and h), the voltage shall not be lower than 2+V,
Bad model use voltage + upper limit Www.bzxZ.net
Maximum dynamic resistance value
11 Accurate protection level is 111. For single-value appliances of this level or above, within twice the rated protection range, any accurate resistance actual value can be calculated by the following formula to reduce the influence of humidity change: For variable consideration or expansion of its resistance, use
R, = Rl1 - a(t -20) + a( - 20)2R,-
Actual value of the current at temperature t (Q):
Actual value of the current at temperature 20 (): Primary resistance temperature coefficient (1A:)
Primary and secondary resistance temperature coefficient (1)
Temperature span of resistor ():
Within the nominal temperature range, the difference between the actual value of the current of a standard resistor and the value calculated by the temperature formula is greater than 1/5 of the resistance constant. Verification items
12 Verification items for resistors as shown in Table 9
Appearance and circuit detection
Positive inspection
Also the strength of the temporary
Standard determination
Connection day difference
New standard
Quantity...
Voltage change scene,...
Verification of degree of change
Non-capsular difference verification|| tt||The appropriate determination of the rate of change of the blue
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type determination method and replacement set
·a) external environment, preliminary inspection
13 appearance inspection whether
connect the first zero inspection production to control the resistor tax or nameplate symbol or logo. 362
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! The sensitive test resistor is guaranteed to be complete and without any damage or contamination that may affect the performance of the components. Otherwise, it should be calibrated after repair.
14 Step 1: Use a meter to measure the test resistor. There should be no obvious fluctuations, short circuits or open circuits. 15 The environment for safety test installation should meet the following requirements:) The test resistor level should be higher than or equal to 0. The environment temperature should be (2/2), and the other levels should be (2/5), but not lower than the 4-degree range of the standard instrument to ensure accuracy. ! The relative current is 25%-75%, but not lower than the current range of the standard instrument to ensure accuracy.) Before the resistor under test is tested, it must be installed in the environment where the test equipment is installed at least 24.7; (II) Insulation test
16 The insulation test must be carried out under the specified environmental conditions. 16.1 The insulation resistance of the DC device can be measured by a continuous resistance meter (megameter) or a high insulation resistance meter (commercial resistance meter). According to Figure 1, the galvanometer method is used to measure the insulation resistance of the DC device: the measurement should be carried out between the circuit and an external metal point that is not electrically connected to the circuit (pass band is the machine).
16.1 The test for measuring the continuous resistance is the nominal working voltage value, but not less than 500V. 16.3 The error of the measured insulation resistance should be less than 10%. 16.4 The measurement result should be read within 1-2 minutes after the voltage is applied. K
Figure】The galvanometer measures the insulation resistance of the circuit, K—single shunt current; R—full shunt current; F—charging law: V—measurement voltage or. C—test meter 17.1 The insulation strength test of the first galvanometer resistor is carried out with mains voltage test. 17.2 The basic error of the withstand voltage tester for the final strength test should not be greater than 5%. 17.3 The withstand voltage tester should have sufficient output frequency. The inspection method is: put the withstand voltage tester in the empty position, set the output voltage to 50% of the test voltage, connect 1. sensitive test voltage, at this time the output voltage should not be lower than 0.4517.4 The test voltage point rises steadily to obtain the specified value, which lasts for 1 minute. There should be no withstand and flying phenomenon. 17.5 During the voltage test, the leakage current should be set to 5m.A. (III) The residual resistance and its tolerance of the current should be measured by using an accurate meter or double bridge with a resolution of not less than 2m/s and a resolution of not more than 1.1m/s. The following procedure should be used to measure the residual resistance and its tolerance: Before measuring, turn the switch back and forth within the range of the switch for not less than 3 times. Then make the indicator at zero position. Repeat the measurement 3 times and take the average value of the 3 times as the measurement result. 163
19 Contact resistance variation measurement
19.! The contact resistance variation is measured by a double bridge tester with a resolution of less than 0.1m. The procedure is as follows: before the test, after each switch is moved within a large range for a number of times (at least 3 times), only the switch value is set to 1, that is, the minimum value AK, and the other switches are set to zero. The resistance value M at this time is measured and recorded: 1) When the first switch is turned off, turn the first switch to zero again within the maximum range, measure and record the resistance value M, then the resistance variation of the first switch (expressed in percentage) =
iM,- Mri
) Perform the test on each switch in turn and obtain M, then the resistance variation of the first switch is a =
. The above measurement is performed at most 3 times.
MI -M
Take the least variable value among the above multiple switches as the contact variation value of the resistor switch. 19.2 The measurement method of the contact variation of the end-to-end chain resistor group shall be carried out in accordance with 19.1. 4. Verification of basic error (I) Stable general conditions 20 The total uncertainty caused by the standard, verification device and environmental conditions is not greater than 12 (for resistors of grade 2 and above) and 1/3 (for other resistors) 21 The standard deviation of the measured value is not greater than 1/10 of the value of the resistor of the same grade. The time interval between two adjacent measurements shall not be less than 4 hours. 22 The temperature during the measurement is not less than 10 hours. 23 The temperature of the resistor reference and the standard device shall meet the requirements of Table 10. The measurement shall be accurate and reliable. The second-class standard device shall have a nominal voltage of 1.0. Low not small
(12) 4
The adjustment constant in the rated device, i.e. the resistance material variation constant C, should meet the requirements of Table 11. In 11
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24 during the test, the power (voltage or current) of the controlled resistor shall not be shorted as follows: as measuring tools
all equal equipment
equal slow number piece 10
a for 1 as reference device, standard belt belt and 0,0 level must be above the level of resistor should not be as specified in Table 12: Table 12
can be set up.(10\)
factory approved basic device
prohibited standard device
b for the resistor at the working end of the meter, its performance and working condition can be as follows: (1) general-purpose inductors should be tested with a power reference of approximately 30% (current): (2) for special-purpose resistors, the rated power should be within 25% of the rated power (current); the error caused by the continuous current, parasitic potential, leakage, net induction, zero current, etc. during the test should not be less than 1/20 of the test resistance index C. 26 for three-phase resistors, only for those with the same rated power as the resistor. The terminal corresponding to the non-indicated value or the connection method of 1 is used for the calibration: (ii) Calibration method
The calibration of the basic error is carried out under special conditions, including the grade index and nominal value of the test appliance. The direct measurement method, the same standard value substitution method, the cumulative difference method and the transition method can be adopted. Taking into account the calibration tolerance and other use conditions, for single-disc and multi-disc resistors, the regulations recommend the use of specific calibration methods as much as possible:
27 Direct measurement method
When using a measuring instrument or device with a higher accuracy than the test medium to measure the resistance value of the sensitive thermostat, the direct measurement method can be used, the test device R. The test result of the relevant test is R, =A
, where A—
, the indication of the test measuring instrument
, the resistance measuring instrument or device under test has an interruption voltage, such as a current comparator, a voltage comparator, a digital ohmmeter, etc., and the same nominal value substitution method
, when the resistance measuring device or device cannot reach the accuracy level of the tested resistor R, and there is a resistance standard R with the same nominal value. The test result of the relevant test is R, =R-(A, - A)
, or A,
, when measuring R, the indication of the measuring instrument is two levels higher.
In addition to the resistance comparators mentioned in Article 27, there are also resistance ratio meters, electrochemical differential meters, etc. 29
Cumulative difference calibration
For multi-functional electrical devices with continuous rolling and same nominal value steps, when there is a resistance standard scale with a value between its step value and the step value and can realize the reference, or when there is a resistor R, R can be measured on the corresponding measuring device by taking the difference value to conduct overall calibration. The drum inspection input electric coarse instrument R,=o-+-
Thanks to the more discussant and k, the decade traceability mechanism can be displayed - m.,+++ w,+ -...
The inspection procedure is as follows:
day) order j-i+1.-4+", and according to the best selection of 10,1.2,…..42m--R,-p
measured on M, M-(R+,) =
b) now. b-, and f-0, 1.2, α is measured on M to get Mi
c) Arrangement can get
d, if the same reference resistor R is used instead of R, it can be used when = or = 1D, and the same nominal value can be used as the potential method for R product value, and then the calibration result can be calculated according to e),
Note: When measuring with M, M must be set according to the relationship in the sequence of b), and the gain value 4 can be read by numerical or difference measurement.
e) The good group ratio and measuring instruments of Articles 27 and 28 are all suitable for the cumulative difference method. 3 Over-transfer method
Through the determination of the length, and the length, the ratio of the electric positive value P to achieve the standard transition transfer method, the calibration result is
The commonly used resistance ratio calibration method has the most medical measurement, the standard instrument method and the cumulative value method. 30.1 The resistance ratio measuring instrument or device used as a standard directly measures the resistance ratio of B, R, and R. The result is B.-A.
where A is the indication of the resistance ratio measuring device. 10)
Commonly used resistance ratio measuring instruments include current comparators, voltage comparators, bridges and other instruments with ratio measurement functions.
30.2 Standard measuring instruments must be composed of a resistor (or a group of resistors). The resistor ratio meter with a known resistance ratio is a standard resistor. Commonly used resistance ratio measuring instruments include Taman and ratio measuring instruments. Standard resistance measuring instruments with the same standard value can also be used as standard ratio measuring instruments.
Use resistance ratio measuring instruments to measure resistance directly The methods of comparison include the resistance comparison method and the substitution method. The unit resistors of the resistance comparison instrument that meet the requirements of this regulation can also be used as resistance standard groups. 30.2.1 Resistance comparison method
When the resistance measuring instrument is composed of a single or a combination of R1 and R2 and the resistance values of R3 and R4 are respectively marked, the resistance value of R1 and R2 can be compared with the nominal value of R3 and R4 according to Article 2 to determine the resistance value B: R1 is compared with R2 and R3 to obtain R-R+(AA)
and R=R1(AA)
, then the measurement result is1. Resistance comparison method
When the resistance measuring instruments are composed of single or combined instruments R and R with nominal values respectively, the resistance of R and R can be compared with the nominal values of R and R according to Article 2: R is R, and R is compared with R to obtain R-R+ (AA)
and R is compared with R to obtain R=R1 (AA)
, then the measurement result is:1. Resistance comparison method
When the resistance measuring instruments are composed of single or combined instruments R and R with nominal values respectively, the resistance of R and R can be compared with the nominal values of R and R according to Article 2: R is R, and R is compared with R to obtain R-R+ (AA)
and R is compared with R to obtain R=R1 (AA)
, then the measurement result is:
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