Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Code for Scenic Area Planning
Code for Scenic Area PlanningGB50298 —1999
Editor: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of ChinaApproval Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of ChinaImplementation Date: January 1, 2000
Notice on the Issuance of the National Standard "Code for Scenic Area Planning"
Construction Standard [1999] No. 267
According to the requirements of the State Planning Commission's 1989 Project Construction Standard and Quota Formulation and Revision Plan (Annex 10 of the Planning and Construction Comprehensive Document No. 30, 1989), the "Code for Scenic Area Planning" jointly formulated by the Ministry of Construction and other relevant departments is hereby issued. After review by relevant departments, it has been approved as a mandatory national standard with the code number GB 50298-1999, effective from January 1, 2000. This standard is managed by the Ministry of Construction, interpreted by the National Urban Planning and Design Institute, and published by China Construction Industry Publishing House under the organization of the Standard Construction Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
November 10, 1999 This specification is based on the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission's Document No. 30 [1989], and the Ministry of Construction's Urban Construction Department is responsible for the overall planning. It was jointly prepared by the China Urban Planning and Design Institute, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the State Land Administration, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Construction's Urban Construction Research Institute, the Sichuan Provincial Construction Department, the Anhui Provincial Construction Department, the Sichuan Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, the Jiangxi Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute and other units. It was approved by the Ministry of Construction on November 10, 1999 with the document Construction Standard (1999) 267, and issued in conjunction with the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision. In the process of compiling this specification, the specification review team, based on the summary of practical experience and scientific research results, mainly reviewed the basic terms of scenic area planning, basic data and current situation analysis, scenic resource evaluation, planning scope, nature, objectives, zoning and structural layout, protection planning, scenic tours, typical landscapes, tourist facilities, basic engineering, resident social surveys, economic development guidance, land use coordination and other planning, planning results, etc. In the process of implementing this specification, we hope that all relevant units will combine practice and scientific research, carefully summarize experience, and pay attention to accumulating information. If you find that there are any changes or additions, please send your opinions and information to China Academy of Urban Planning and Design (address: No. 9 Sanwanghe Road, Beijing, zip code: 100037) for future revisions. The main editor of this specification: China Academy of Urban Planning and Design. Participating units: State Administration of Cultural Heritage, State Administration of Land, State Environmental Protection Administration, Ministry of Construction Urban Construction Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Construction Department, Anhui Provincial Construction Department, Sichuan Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, Jiangxi Provincial Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute. Main drafters: Zhang Guoqiang, Zhang Tinghui, Jia Jianzhong, Zhu Guanhai, Xiong Shiyao, Cai Zhili, Huang Xin, Guo, Benliang, Zhan Guiqi, Chen Mingsong, Luo Laiping, Chang Zhongnong.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
November 10, 1999
2Terms
General Provisions
3.1 Basic Data and Current Situation Analysis
3.2 Scenic Resources Evaluation
Scope, Nature and Development Goals
Regional Structure and Layout...
3.5 Capacity, Population and Ecological Principles
Special Planning
Coal Conservation Cultivation Planning
4,2 Wind volume travel planning 1
4.3 Typical original view planning
4.4 Travel facilities planning
4.5 Basic engineering planning
4.6 Residential social control planning
4.7 Economic development guidance planning
4.8 Land use coordination planning
4.9 Phased development planning
5 Planning results and exploration regulations
Appendix This specification uses adjustment
Series text description
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1 General Principles
1.0,1 In order to meet the requirements of the protection, utilization, management and development of scenic spots (hereinafter referred to as scenic spots), optimize the land use layout of scenic spots, give full play to the functions and roles of scenic spots, and improve the planning and design level and standardization of scenic spots, this specification is specially formulated.
1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the planning of scenic spots approved and announced by the State Council and local governments at all levels.
1.0.3 Scenic spots can be divided into small scenic spots (less than 20km2), medium scenic spots (21~100km2), large scenic spots (101-500km2), and extra-large scenic spots (more than 500km2) according to the land use scale.
1.0.4 The planning of scenic spots should be divided into two stages: general planning and detailed planning. For large and complex scenic areas, additional zoning plans and scenic spot plans can be compiled. For some key construction areas, additional control detailed plans or construction detailed plans can also be compiled.
1.0.5 Scenic planning must conform to my country's national conditions and highlight the characteristics of the scenic area in accordance with local conditions. And the following principles should be followed: 1 It should be based on resource characteristics, environmental conditions, historical conditions, current characteristics and national economic and social development trends, and make overall arrangements. 2 It should strictly protect natural and cultural resources, protect the original landscape characteristics and local characteristics, maintain biodiversity and ecological benign cycle, prevent pollution and other public hazards, enrich scientific and educational characteristics, and strengthen the cultivation of ground cover and plant landscapes. 3 It should give full play to the comprehensive potential of scenic resources, show the main features of scenic spots, provide necessary service facilities and measures, improve the operation and management functions of scenic spots, prevent artificialization, urbanization and commercialization, and promote the sustainable development of scenic spots in a moderate, orderly and rhythmic manner.
4 The comprehensive effects of the three aspects of scenic environment, society and economy should be reasonably balanced, and the relationship between the healthy development of the scenic area and social needs should be balanced to create a scenic recreation environment with optimal scenery, convenient facilities, civilized society, good ecological environment, unique landscape image and tourist charm, and harmonious development of man and nature. 1.0.6 The planning of scenic areas should be coordinated with national land planning, regional planning, urban master planning, land use master planning and other relevant planning: 1..7 In addition to implementing this specification, the planning of scenic areas should also comply with the relevant national mandatory standards and regulations.
2.0.1 Scenic spots
2 Terms
Also called scenic spots, national parks abroad are equivalent to national scenic spots. Refers to places with concentrated scenic resources, beautiful environment, a certain scale and tourism conditions, which can be used for people to visit, appreciate, rest, or carry out scientific and cultural activities.
2.0.2 Scenic spots planning
Also called scenic area planning. It is the overall deployment and specific arrangement for protecting, cultivating, developing, utilizing and managing scenic areas, and giving full play to their multiple functions. The scenic area regulations that have been reviewed and approved by the relevant people's government have legal authority and must be strictly implemented.
2.0.3 Scenic resources
Also known as landscape, landscape resources, scenic resources, and scenic tourism resources. It refers to the general term for things and factors that can arouse aesthetic and appreciation activities, and can be used as scenic sightseeing objects and scenic development and utilization. It is the basic element of the scenic environment and the material basis for the scenic area to generate environmental benefits, social benefits, and economic benefits.
2,0.4 Scenery
It refers to the individual scenic materials with independent appreciation value, which is the basic unit of the scenic area landscape.
2.0.5 Landscape
It refers to a certain scene that can arouse visual perception, or a characteristic phenomenon in a certain area.
2.0.6 Scenic spot
Composed of several related scenic spots: a basic landscape unit with relative independence and integrity and related characteristics. 2.0.7 Scenic group
A scenic group or group composed of several related scenic spots. 2.0.8 Scenic area
In the planning of scenic areas, a land area divided according to the type of scenic source, landscape characteristics or tourist attraction, including more scenic spots or several scenic groups, forming relatively independent scenic zoning characteristics. 2.0.9 Scenic line
Also called scenic line. A linear landscape form or series composed of a series of related scenic spots.
2.0.10 Tour line
Also called tour line. The route arranged for tourists to enjoy the scenery. 2.0.11 Functional Zone
In the planning of scenic areas, the land use range is divided according to the main functional development needs, forming independent functional zoning characteristics. 2.0.12 Tourist capacity
The number of tourists that can be accommodated in a certain planning unit within a certain period of time, within the limits of maintaining the stability of the landscape, ensuring the quality of tourists' enjoyment, comfort and safety, and making reasonable use of resources. It is a warning value to limit the excessive gathering of tourists at a certain time and place.
2.0.13 Resident capacity
The number of regular residents allowed to be distributed within a certain geographical area under the premise of maintaining ecological balance and beautiful environment, relying on local resources and maintaining the normal operation of the scenic area. It is a special warning value to limit the excessive development of production or concentrated population in a certain area
3 General provisions
3.1 Basic data and current situation analysis
3.1.1 Basic data should be based on the type, characteristics and actual needs of the scenic area, and the corresponding survey outline and indicator system should be proposed, and statistics and typical adjustments should be made. 3.1.2 Complete and correct current and historical basic data should be obtained on the basis of multidisciplinary comprehensive investigation or in-depth investigation and research, and the statistical caliber should be consistent or comparable.
3.1.3 Basic data survey categories should comply with the provisions of Table 3.1.3: Basic data survey category table
"Natural and resource conditions
1. Topographic map
2. Professional map
1. Meteorological data
2. Hydrological data
3. Geological data
4. Natural resources
The scale of small wind volume area map is 1/200~[>10000 The scale of medium wind volume map is 1/10000~1/2500 The scale of large wind volume map is [/25000~ 1/SUUX0; Table 3.1.3
The scale of the drawings of super-large scenic areas is 1/5 (KX)~1/20000 aerial photographs, section photographs, remote sensing images, typical rock and river surveying, pool engineering and basket net and other professional surveying
Temperature, wet bottom, precipitation, evaporation, wind direction, wind speed, ice and other river period water level, dredging, formation, flow direction, waterscape, frost, water filter line; river crossing conditions, flow regulations, river regulation regulations, auxiliary supply facilities: coastal areas of regulation, sea breeding, wave life; mountain torrents in the area. Soul stone vegetables, soil erosion and other electricity, land tax, soil layer, construction area bearing capacity: earthquake or other marine disaster assessment: living water existence form, reserves, water quality, mining and replenishment conditions
Most resources, biological new resources, water and soil trade, agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry resources, energy, expansion resources The distribution of resources, number of scenic spots, and utilization data; natural protection plans and areas
Three people's economic and social planning
1. Historical and cultural background
2. Population data
3. Administrative divisions
4. Economic and social
5. Enterprises and institutions
E. Transportation
2. Tourism facilities
13. Infrastructure
'Land and other materials
1. Land use
2. Urban construction
3. Environmental data
Historical origin and changes, cultural relics, scenic spots, scenery, historical and cultural protection objects and areas
Quality of the workers, age composition, labor force, education status, road training and machine training: joint service staff and temporary visitors and their structures changes; changes in tourists and their structure; distribution of residents, employees, and tourists; administrative system and regional divisions; types of settlements and their distribution, urban areas, villages, multi-regional areas and their related areas; relevant economic and social development status, plans and development strategies; the gross national product, finance, industrial output value of the scenic area, land use planning, district and urban employment planning, relevant professional project reports and their residual planning; the status quo and development information of agricultural, scientific, cultural, and industrial enterprises and institutions, the current status of scenic area management; the current status, planning and development information of external and internal transportation of scenic areas and the towns they can rely on; the current status and development information of travel, sightseeing, dining, accommodation, shopping, entertainment, health care and other facilities of scenic areas and the towns they can rely on; the current status and development of basic projects such as water, electricity, gas, heat, environmental protection, environmental protection, and disaster prevention Data
Distribution of various types of land in the planning area, historical data on major changes in land use, land survey and analysis and evaluation data
Distribution of various major buildings, engineering objects, landscapes, venues and other items; land use area, building area, physical monitoring, quality control, waiting points and other data; the number and danger of secondary faults; distribution and danger of disasters and other harmful factors affecting the environment; soil diseases and other environmental data that are essential to public health 8--6
3.1.4 The current situation analysis should include: natural and historical and cultural characteristics: types, characteristics, distribution and multiplicity analysis of various resources; direction, potential, conditions and benefits of resource development and utilization; analysis of land use structure, layout and contradictions: ecological, environmental, social and regional factors of the scenic area. 3,1,5 The results of the current situation analysis must clearly state the advantages and driving forces of the development of the scenic area, the contradictions and constraints, and the planning countermeasures and planning priorities. 3.2 Evaluation of wind resources
3.2.1 Evaluation of scenic resources should include: scenic resource survey; screening and classification of scenic resources; scoring and grading of scenic resources; and evaluation conclusion. 3.2.2 The principles of scenic resource evaluation should comply with the following provisions: 1 Scenic resource evaluation must be based on real data, combining on-site investigation with data analysis, and be conducted realistically; 2 Wind resource evaluation should adopt a method that combines qualitative summary with quantitative analysis to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of scenic resources;
3 According to the category of scenic resources and their combination characteristics, appropriate evaluation units and evaluation indicators should be selected, and unique or dangerous scenic resources should be evaluated separately. 3.2.3 The classification of scenic resource survey should comply with the provisions of Table 3.2.3. Classification table of wind-indicating grass
Major category
(2) Rainbow most ink scenery
(3) Wind and rain are clear (4) Atmospheric scenery
(5) White sound image
(6) Cloud shears the bucket rule (7) Ice as a bottle (8) Other natural elements (3) Strange peaks (4) Gorges (5) Caves
(1) Large-scale mountains (2) Mountain scenery
(7) Sand scenery (8) Volcanic lava
(6) Book forest stone volume
(9) Quick residual landscape
(11) Sea view
(12) Tour dirty terrain (135)) Geological road
(10) The magnetism of the island (14) Other landscapes "Natural tourism" Cultural landscapes (1) Springs (2) Creeks (3) Rivers (4) Amber (5) Pools (6) Pools of water, "7) Slippery beaches "8) Swimming seas (9) Ice glaciers (10) Other waterscapes (1) Forest of Chinese toon trees (2) Grassland (3) Ancient trees (4) Road book dust (5)
biological group
other world view
(6) animal group sales point (7) animal education palmistry landscape (8) H (2) Liangdai Park
(3) Botanical Garden (4) Animal Group
(1) Historical Garden
(6) Special Group Hill () Musuo Collection Garden () Other Garden Scenery House Flower Solid
(1) Wind Volume Building (2) Folk House Jingli (3) Culture Entertainment buildings (4) Commercial service buildings (3) Government buildings Streetscape (7) Memorial buildings (6) Religious buildings (8) Industrial and transportation buildings (9) Engineering structures (10) Other buildings (1) Please contact us (5) Start your visit (2) Sound and inscription (3) Stone carving (4). Fruit (6) Science and technology projects (1) Holidays and celebrations (5) Long Tongwen (T) Entertainment and sports (S) Others (2) National customs (3) Religious rituals (47 Gods and legends (7) Local products (6) Local characters
(8) Other scenery
3.2.4 The evaluation unit of scenic resources should be based on the current distribution map of scenic resources. According to the planning scope and the scale, content, structure and tourism methods of the scenic resources, the evaluation units should be divided into several levels and graded. 3.2.5 In the planning of scenic area systems in provinces and cities, graded evaluations should be made for scenic areas, scenic spots or scenic spots.
3.2.6 In the overall, zoning and detailed planning of scenic areas, graded evaluations should be made for scenic spots or scenery.
3.2.7 The evaluation of scenic resources should conduct weight analysis on the selected evaluation indicators: the selection of evaluation indicators should comply with Table 3.2.7, the film should comply with the following provisions: 1. When evaluating folk areas or some larger scenic areas, comprehensive evaluation indicators should be used:
2. When evaluating scenic spots or scenic groups, project evaluation level indicators should be used; 3. When evaluating scenery, it is advisable to choose from factor evaluation level indicators. Wind resource evaluation index hierarchy table
Table 3.2,7
Evaluation level
Item Monthly evaluation level
(1) Tourist value
(2) Cultural value
(3) Historical value
(4) Preservation value
(5) Tourism value
() Ecological sustainability
2. Environment, 20-10
(2) Environmental quality
(3) Facility status
(4) Supervision and management
(1) Transportation and communication
2) Accommodation and reception
(3) Tourist source market
(4) Business license management
(1) Area|| tt||2) Volume
（3）Space
（4）Capacity
Evaluation level
0 Explosion-proof degree
(D) Technology value
D Era value
Part. Principle value
Utility
Treasure type value
Important matter value
Strangeness
Silicon Science Station
Smart cutting reputation
② Experience value
Necessary comfort
Dense structure value
Level value
Comfortable degree
Creative education value
3 Human architecture
Necessary application value
3 Bearing capacity
Function value| |tt||Disaster rate
Hydropower energy T project pipeline network$Environmental protection license
①Monitoring function regulations supporting equipment average equipment quantity convertibility
? Capacity
Shadow standard non-
Core efficiency
Virtual scale
Your consumption
@Structure
Sleeping tide system edge economic structure total community society 3.2.8 Scenic resource classification standards must meet the following requirements: List
1 Scenic resource evaluation classification must be divided into five levels: special, first, second, third, fourth;
2 The scenic resource level should be evaluated according to the characteristics of the scenic resource evaluation unit, and the evaluation index scores and attractiveness ranges at different levels; 3 Special scenic The resources should be precious, unique, and have world heritage value and significance, and have the attraction of a world wonder:
4--Level scenic resources should be valuable, precious, national key protection value and national representative value, famous at home and abroad and have national attraction: 5 Second-level scenic resources should have important, provincial key protection value and local representative value, famous at home and abroad and have inter-provincial attraction: 6 Third-level scenic resources should have certain value and auxiliary function of tourist routes, and have the attraction of unique scenic areas with city and county protection value: 7 Fourth-level scenic resources have general value and landscape function, and have the attraction of the scenic area or the place
3.2.9 The conclusion of the scenic resource evaluation should be composed of three parts: evaluation analysis, characteristic summary, etc. The evaluation analysis should show the characteristics or conclusion of the main evaluation indicators; the characteristic summary should show the level, quantity, type characteristics and other comprehensive characteristics of the scenic resources.
3.3 Scope, nature and development goals
3.3.1 The following principles should be followed in determining the planning scope of the scenic area and its peripheral protection zone: the integrity of the scenic source characteristics and its ecological environment; the continuity of historical culture and society; the relative independence of regional units; the necessity and feasibility of protection, utilization and management.
3.3.2 The demarcation of the boundaries of the scenic area must comply with the following provisions: There must be clear topographic landmarks as a basis, which can be marked on the topographic map and marked by stakes on site:
2 The boundary marking range on the topographic map should be the basis for measuring the area of the scenic area; 3 All area calculations in the planning stage should be based on the projection area of the cell map with the same accuracy.
3.3.3 The nature of the scenic area must be determined based on the typical landscape characteristics, viewing and appreciation characteristics, resource types, location factors, development strategies and functional selection of the scenic area.
3.3.4 The nature of the scenic area should clearly express the three aspects of scenic features, main functions, and scenic area level. The qualitative words should highlight the key points and be accurate and concise. 3.3.5 The development goals of the scenic area should be based on the nature of the scenic area and social needs, and put forward two aspects suitable for the scenic area: self-security and social impact goals, and should follow the following principles:
1 Implement the basic principles of strict protection, unified management, reasonable development, and sustainable use;
2 Fully consider the relationship between the three stages of history, contemporary and future, and scientifically predict the various development requirements of the scenic area;
3 Handle the harmonious relationship between man and nature according to local conditions; 4 The main goals such as resource protection and comprehensive utilization, functional arrangement and project configuration, population size and construction standards should be adapted to the level, trend and pace of social and economic development of the country and region. 3.4 Zoning, structure and layout
3.4.1 Scenic areas should be rationally zoned according to the nature, characteristics and existing environment of the planning objects, and follow the following principles: 1 The characteristics of the planning objects and their existing environment in the same area should be basically consistent;
2 The planning principles, measures and their effectiveness characteristics in the same area should be basically consistent;
3 The planning zoning should fully maintain the integrity of the original natural, cultural, linear and other unit boundaries.
3.4.2 The planning zones divided according to different needs shall comply with the following provisions: When it is necessary to adjust and control the functional characteristics, functional zoning should be carried out: 1
2 When it is necessary to organize landscape and appreciation characteristics, scenic area division should be carried out; when it is necessary to determine the exploration and protection characteristics, protection area division should be carried out; 3
4 In human-shaped or complex scenic areas, the following methods can be coordinated and used. 3.4.3 The scenic area should organize the overall planning structure or model based on the planning objectives and the performance, function and composition laws of the planning objects, and should follow the following principles: 1 The planning content and project configuration should be in line with the local environmental carrying capacity, economic development status and social moral norms, and can promote the survival and orderly development of the scenic area;
2 Effectively adjust the configuration relationship of structural elements such as control points, lines and surfaces; 3 Solve the essential connections and constraints between each hub or growth point, corridor or road, area or grid.
3.4.4 For any scenic area with more than one township or town, or with a population of more than 100 people/km2, the functional structure of the scenic area should be analyzed and regulated, and the following principles should be followed:
】 Take into account the needs and interests of foreign tourists, workers and local residents:
2 The scenic sightseeing and appreciation function should have unique appeal and tolerance; 3 The tourism reception and service function should have corresponding efficiency and development momentum; 4 The resident social management function should have reliable binding force and contemporary vitality; 5 Each functional structure should be a self-contained system and organically constitute the comprehensive functional structure network of the scenic area.
3.4.5 The scenic area should be comprehensively arranged according to the geographical distribution, spatial relationship and internal connection of the planning object, to form a reasonable, complete and distinctive overall layout, and should follow the following principles:
1 Correctly handle the relationship between the local, overall and peripheral levels; 2 Solve the problem of organic combination of the characteristics, functions and spatial relationship of the planning object;
3 Control the impact of the layout form on the orderly development of the scenic area, and create satisfactory conditions for all elements and components to work together; 4 Be innovative in conception and reflect local and local characteristics. 3.5 Capacity, Population and Ecological Principles
3.5.1 The tourist capacity of the wind-driven area should vary with the planning period. For a certain planning range, the tourist capacity should be determined by comprehensively analyzing and meeting the ecological tolerance standards, tourist experience standards, functional technical standards and other factors of the area. It should also comply with the following provisions:
1 The ecological tolerance standards should comply with the provisions of Table 3.5.1; ecological capacity of floating land
No detailed guest monitoring and land pressure indicators
Land use type
(1) Coniferous spicy land
(2) Wine leaf forest land
(3) Group forest land
(4) Sparse forest land saving
(S) Zhuodi company
(6) Town park
(7) Special melting field
(8) Ju field area
(9) Run field sand stall
(Public contribution)
13 ~ 20
20 - 25
30 - 200
[kx - 2(xx)
1000-2000
Table 3.5.1
(u/person)
500n ~3300
250x1-1250
>660-500
500- 400
30 - 50
2Office~10
10 ~ 5
2The tourist capacity should be expressed in three levels: one-time tourist capacity, daily tourist capacity and annual tourist capacity.
【1）One-time tourist capacity (also called instantaneous capacity), the unit is "person/time";
(2) Daily tourist capacity, the unit is "person/day"; (3) Annual tourist capacity, the unit is "person/year". 8-9
3 The calculation methods of tourist throughput should be: line method, checkpoint method, area method, comprehensive balance method, and the calculation results should be filled in Table 3.5.1: Tourist capacity calculation list
Sports land
One-time capacity daily turnover rate
Calculation area calculation index
Daily crowd capacity
(m people)
(person/time)
4 The calculation of tourist capacity should adopt the following standards: (person)
(1) Line method: based on the average road area occupied by each tourist, 5~10m) (2) Area method: based on the average sightseeing area occupied by each person. Among them: main scenic spots: 50~100m2/person (scenic spot area); general scenic spots: 100-400m2/person (scenic spot area); bathing sea area: 1U~20m2/person (water surface within 0-2m above sea level); bathing beach: 5~[0m/person (beach within 0~+2m above sea level). (3 Checkpoint method: measure the reasonable number of tourists passing through the checkpoint per unit time. The unit is expressed in "person-times/unit time". 5 The calculation results of the tourist capacity should be checked and comprehensively balanced with the local freshwater supply, land use, related facilities and environmental quality conditions to determine the reasonable tourist capacity.
3.5.2 The total population capacity of the scenic area should include the population capacity of foreign tourists, service employees, and local residents, and should comply with the following provisions: 1 When the residential population density in the planned area exceeds 50 people/km2, the secondary land should be used. Resident capacity:
2 When the population density of the planned area exceeds 100 people/km2, the resident capacity of the land must be determined:
3 Resident capacity should be determined based on the capacity analysis of the most important elements, and its conventional elements should be: fresh water, land, related facilities, etc. 3.5.3 The prediction of the population scale of the scenic area should comply with the following provisions: 1 The population development scale should include three types of population: foreign tourists, service workers, and local residents.
The population development scale within the scope of the designated land should not be greater than its total population capacity 3 Employees 1 1. It should include the direct service population and the maintenance and management population; 4. The resident population should include the local permanent residents. 3.5.4 The population distribution within the scenic area should comply with the following principles: 1. According to the needs of tourists, habitat conditions, facilities configuration and other factors, various types of population should be controlled in different areas and phases; 2. There should be reasonable changes in density and dispersion so that everyone can get what they want; 3. Prevent excessive population or inappropriate concentration from being detrimental to the ecology and environment; 4. Prevent too few people or inappropriate dispersion from being detrimental to management and benefits. 3.5.5 Ecology of the Wind Zone The principles should comply with the following provisions: 1. Stop the human impact on the natural environment, control and reduce the human load, analyze the two factors of tour time, spatial scope, tourist capacity, project content, development intensity, and propose restrictive regulations or control indicators; 2. Maintain and maintain the original biological population, structure and functional characteristics, and protect typical and exemplary natural complexes; 3. Improve the recovery capacity of the natural environment, improve the regeneration capacity and speed of oxygen, water and biomass, and improve the stability or carrying capacity of the natural environment of its ecosystem to human load. ||t t||3.5.6 The ecological zoning of scenic areas should comply with the following principles: 1 The ecological status of the planned area should be marked according to four levels; 2 The general standards of ecological zoning should comply with the provisions of Table 3.5.6: Ecological zoning and its utilization and protection indicators
Environmental conditions
Ecological zoning
Crisis zone
Unfavorable zone
Stable zone
Favorable zone
Soil pond vegetation
Note: ×Unfavorable: -Stable; +Favorable. Www.bzxZ.net
Coverage 3 .5.6
Utilization and protection measures
Development should be completely restricted and no artificial pressure should be generated. Comprehensive nature conservation measures should be implemented. Development should be restricted. The artificial pressure on environmental elements with small benefits should be reduced. Specific natural protection measures should be implemented. The artificial pressure on environmental elements should be reduced. The applicable natural protection measures should specify the limit of artificial pressure and determine the natural protection measures according to the needs. 3 Special ecological protection measures divided according to local ecological factors Ecological risk zones include heat pollution, noise pollution, electromagnetic pollution, radioactive pollution, five-way epidemic prevention conditions, natural climate factors, vibration impact, visual interference, etc.; 4 Ecological zoning plays an important role in supporting land use, functional zoning, protection zoning and project planning and setting measures: 3.5.7 Wind farm area planning should control and reduce the degree of pollution, and its environmental quality standards should comply with the following provisions:
1 The air quality standard should comply with the first-level standard specified in GR3095-1996;
2 The surface water environment quality shall generally comply with the first-class standard specified in GB3838-8, the swimming water shall comply with the standard specified in GB9667-88, the seawater quality standard for bathing beaches shall not be lower than the second-class seawater quality standard specified in GB3097-82, and the drinking water standard shall comply with the provisions of GB5749-85. 3 The noise level outside the wind recording area shall be lower than the environmental noise standard value of the "special residential area" specified in GB396-93; 4 The radiation protection standard shall comply with the relevant standards specified in GB8-74. 811
4 Special planning
4.1 Protection and cultivation planning
4.1.1 The protection and cultivation planning shall include the basic contents such as identifying conservation resources, clarifying the specific objects of conservation, demarcating the conservation scope, and determining conservation principles and measures. 4.1.2 The classification of scenic protection should include ecological protection areas, natural landscape protection areas, historical sites protection areas, scenic restoration areas, scenic sightseeing areas and development control areas, and should comply with the following regulations:
1 Regulations on the division and protection of ecological protection areas: (1) For biological populations and their environments with scientific research value or other preservation value in scenic areas, a certain range of space should be set aside as ecological protection areas. (2) Necessary research and safety protection facilities can be configured in ecological protection areas, but tourists should be prohibited from entering, any building facilities should not be removed, and motor vehicles and other facilities are strictly prohibited from entering:
2 Regulations on the division and protection of natural landscape protection areas: (1) For special natural scenic sources and landscapes that require strict restrictions on development, a certain range of space should be set aside as natural landscape protection areas. (2) Necessary walking tours and safety protection facilities may be arranged within the natural landscape protection area, but the entry of tourists should be controlled, and no irrelevant artificial facilities should be arranged. Motorized transportation and its facilities are strictly prohibited from entering. 3. Division and protection regulations for historical protection areas: (1) A certain area and space should be designated as a historical protection area around cultural relics of all levels and valuable historical sites in the scenic area. (2) In the historical site protection area, necessary walking tours and protective facilities can be arranged. It is advisable to control the entry of tourists, and no accommodation beds should be arranged. It is strictly prohibited to add artificial facilities unrelated to it. Motorized transportation and its facilities are strictly prohibited from entering. Any violent intrusion that is not conducive to protection is strictly prohibited. 4. Division and protection regulations of scenic restoration areas: (1) For objects and areas that need to be restored, cultivated, nurtured, conserved and maintained in the scenic area, such as forests and vegetation, water sources and water, shallow sea water organisms, rare and endangered species, rock development conditions, etc., it is advisable to demarcate a certain scope and space as a scenic restoration area. (2) In the scenic restoration area, necessary technical measures and facilities can be adopted; the activities of tourists and residents should be restricted respectively, and items and facilities unrelated to them should not be arranged. Activities that are not conducive to them are strictly prohibited.
5 Division and protection regulations of scenic tourist areas: (1) For the scenic spots, scenic spots, scenic groups, original areas and other scenic structural units of various levels and the concentration of scenic tourist objects in the scenic area, a certain range and space can be demarcated as a scenic tourist area.
(2) In the scenic tourist area, appropriate resource utilization can be carried out, and various sightseeing and appreciation items can be arranged appropriately: the configuration of motorized transportation and tourist facilities should be restricted in a graded manner. And the entry of residents into the area should be restricted in a graded manner. 6 Division and protection regulations of development control areas: (1) In the range of scenic area, the land and water surface and other land outside the above five types of conservation areas should be designated as development control areas. (2) In the development control area, the original land use mode and form can be allowed, various tourist facilities and bases consistent with the nature and capacity of the scenic area can be arranged, and orderly production, operation and management facilities can be arranged. The scale and content of service facilities should be separately controlled.
4.1.3 The classification of scenic protection should include four levels: special protection area, first-level protection area, second-level protection area and third-level protection area, and should comply with the following provisions:
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