Some standard content:
ICS13.100
National occupational health standard of the People's Republic of China GBZ98—2002
Health standards for radiation workers
Health standards for radiation workers2002—04—08Promulgated
Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2002—06—01
Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this standard are recommended.
GBZ98—2002
This standard is specially formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. In case of any inconsistency between the original standard GB16387-1996 and this standard, this standard shall prevail.
This standard specifies the basic and special requirements for the health standards of radiation workers, and the conditions under which radiation workers should not or should not be engaged in radiation work.
This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The drafting unit of this standard: Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Medicine, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The main drafter of this standard: Xu Xiufeng.
This standard is interpreted by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. 2
1 Scope
Health standards for radiation workers
GBZ982002
This standard specifies the basic and special requirements for the health standards for radiation workers, and the conditions under which they should not or should not engage in radiation work. This standard applies to all personnel engaged in internal and external exposure (including work in medical institutions, nuclear power plants, factories and mines containing radioactivity, etc.), as well as work departments or units that use radioactive sources and their authorized medical institutions and physicians. This standard also applies to administrative agencies that implement this standard, and departments or units that evaluate and certify whether radiation workers meet the health standards.
2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 2.1 Authorized medical institution
A medical institution designated by the health administrative department or unit to provide medical care for radiation workers. 2.2 Authorized medical examination physician
A qualified physician designated by the health administrative department or authorized medical institution to conduct medical examinations on radiation workers. 2.3 Type A working conditions
The exposure received by workers working continuously for one year under these conditions may exceed 3/10 of the annual dose equivalent limit. 2.4 Type B working conditions
The exposure received by workers working continuously for one year under these conditions is rarely likely to exceed 3/10 of the annual dose equivalent limit; but it may exceed 1/10
2.5 Occupational exposure
The internal and external exposure received by radiation workers during the time they are engaged in radiation work (excluding medical exposure and natural radiation). 2.6 Medical exposure
The exposure that personnel consciously accept for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment of diseases. 2.7 Overexposure
The external exposure received by personnel is greater than the annual dose equivalent limit, or the internal exposure of radionuclides ingested is greater than the annual intake limit. 2.8 Abnormal exposure
The exposure that personnel receive when the radiation source is out of control may exceed the dose equivalent limit. It is divided into emergency exposure and accident exposure. 2.9 Emergency exposure
In the event of an accident, the exposure that personnel receive in the emergency actions taken to rescue people or property endangered by radiation and prevent the expansion of the accident is voluntary. A certain dose can be controlled. 2.10 Accident exposure
Due to radiation accidents, personnel receive accidental exposure without any preparation. It is involuntary. The dose received cannot be predicted and controlled.
2.11 Radiation accidents
Abnormal events caused by the loss of control of radiation sources directly or indirectly cause loss of life, health and property. 2.12 Pre-planned special exposure
Some situations occasionally occur in normal operation, and it is necessary to allow a small number of staff to receive exposure that is known to exceed the dose equivalent limit.
2.13 Dose equivalent limit
The prescribed dose equivalent value that radiation workers must comply with; its purpose is to prevent the occurrence of deterministic effects, or limit the incidence of random effects to an acceptable level.
3 Health standards for radiation workers
Every radiation worker must undergo a medical examination before employment or before operation, and regular medical examinations during the work process after employment. Those who have not undergone a pre-employment medical examination are not allowed to engage in radiation work. Pre-employment medical examination is an important part of the health standards for radiation workers and is the basic data for all medical examinations. It must be fully, systematically, carefully, accurately questioned and examined, and recorded in detail for comparison and reference for regular or accidental examinations after employment. 3.1 The basic requirements for the health standards for radiation workers include medical history and physical examination. Radiation workers must have the health conditions to perform their duties accurately and safely under normal, abnormal and emergency situations. 3.1.1 The medical history of the individual and family members, the history of exposure to radiation and other physical and chemical harmful substances, the marital and childbearing history, the health status of children, etc. should all be clearly recorded;
3.1.2 Currently in good health;
3.1.3 Normal respiratory, circulatory, digestive, endocrine, immune, urogenital systems, normal skin, mucous membranes, hair, material metabolism functions, etc.;
3.1.4 Normal hematopoietic function, such as erythroid, granulocyte, megakaryocyte, etc., are all within the normal range. For example, peripheral blood: www.bzxz.net
male hemoglobin 120~160g/L,
red blood cell count (4.0~5.5)×1012/L:
red blood cell count (3.5~5.0)×10l2/L;
female hemoglobin 110~150g/L,
total white blood cell count before employment (4.5~10)×10°/L, platelet count (110~300)×10°/L: total white blood cell count after employment (4.0~11.0)×10°/L, platelet count (90~300)×10°/L. Plateau areas should refer to the local normal range for treatment. 3.1.5 Normal nervous system function, mental state and stable emotions; 3.1.6 Normal vision, hearing, feeling and touch, as well as normal language expression and writing ability; 3.1.7 Normal chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes: 3.1.8 Routine examination of urine and semen are normal.
3.2 Special requirements for health standards for radiation workers In addition to meeting the basic requirements of the health standards in Article 3.1, the following special requirements must also be met: 3.2.1 Special health requirements for radiation workers in nuclear power plants: 3.2.1.1 The head, neck and human body shape are suitable for wearing and effectively using personal protective equipment. 3.2.1.2 Sense of smell: able to detect burning materials and abnormal odors. 3.2.1.3 Hearing: The average threshold of pure tone audiometry is better than 30dB. 3.2.1.4 Vision: Uncorrected visual acuity is greater than 0.5, peripheral visual field is 120° or greater, with stereoscopic vision and sufficient depth perception: 3.2.1.5 Color vision: able to distinguish colors such as red, green, orange, and able to distinguish symbols and codes for safe operations. 3.2.1.6 Touch: able to distinguish control buttons and handles of various shapes by touch. 3.2.2
Special health requirements for radiation workers in radioactive factories and mines and internal irradiation: 3.2.2.1
Chest X-ray and cardiopulmonary function are normal;
3.2.2.2Electroaudiometry function is normal;
Liver and kidney function are normal;
Sputum cell examination and urine radionuclide examination are normal. GBZ98-2002
The purpose of regular medical examination after employment is to judge the adaptability of radiation workers to their work and to discover certain radiation effects and other diseases that may occur after employment.
3.3Frequency of regular examination after employment
3.3.1For those in type A working conditions, a comprehensive medical examination shall be conducted once a year; for those in type B working conditions, a comprehensive medical examination shall be conducted every 2 to 3 years. The examination requirements are the same as before employment, and the examination results shall be compared and contrasted with those before employment to determine whether they are suitable for continuing radiation work or need to adjust to other work. If abnormalities are found, the frequency and items of examinations shall be increased according to the specific circumstances. 3.3.2 Whether chest X-ray examination (without fluoroscopy) needs to be done once a year should be determined according to specific circumstances. For uranium mine workers, it should be done every six months to one year. For other types of work, the responsible medical examination physician can determine it according to specific circumstances, but the interval should not be too long (no longer than 2~35
GBZ98-2002
years). For workers with long radiation experience and older age, chest X-rays should be taken once a year, and various examinations for early detection of cancer should be carried out. 3.4 The situation after engaging in radiation work should be recorded: 3.4.1 The type of work, length of service and dose of radiation and/or radionuclides: 3.4.2 Adaptability to radiation work:
3.4.3 What diseases have you suffered from and your treatment after engaging in radiation work:3.4.4 Whether you have received medical exposure, overexposure, emergency exposure, accidental exposure, etc.:3.4.5 Cumulative exposure dose equivalent since employment until this examination.4 Health and other relevant conditions that should not (or should not) be used for radiation work Anyone who has any of the following conditions (or situations) before and after employment should not (or should not) engage in radiation work:4.1 Severe respiratory diseases (for example: active tuberculosis, severe and frequent attacks of bronchitis and asthma, etc.) Circulatory system diseases (for example: various decompensated heart diseases, severe hypertension, aneurysms, etc.): Digestive system diseases (for example: severe gastrointestinal bleeding, recurrent gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and spleen diseases and ulcers, etc.): Hematopoietic system diseases (for example: leukemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, polycythemia vera, aplastic anemia, etc.) and those who do not meet any of the items in 3.1.4; diseases of the nervous and mental systems (for example: organic cerebrovascular disease, brain tumor, impaired consciousness, epilepsy, addiction, schizophrenia, mental illness, severe neurasthenia, etc.)
diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems (for example: severe renal dysfunction, sperm abnormalities, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases): diseases of the endocrine system (for example: uncontrolled diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, etc.): immune system diseases (for example: obvious immunodeficiency and AIDS, etc.): skin diseases (for example: infectious, recurrent, severe, large-scale skin diseases, etc.). 4.2 Severe visual and auditory impairment (for example: high myopia, severe cataracts, glaucoma, retinal disease, color blindness, loss of stereoscopic sense, reduced visual field, etc.): severe hearing impairment, etc.
4.3 Malignant tumors, huge, recurrent benign tumors that hinder work. 4.4 Severe disabilities that hinder work, congenital malformations and hereditary diseases, 4.5 Those who cannot recover normal functions after surgery. 4.6 Radiation diseases that have not been fully recovered (referring to those after employment) or other occupational diseases, etc. 4.7 Other organic or functional diseases, uncontrolled bacterial or viral infections, etc. Authorized medical institutions and physicians should make comprehensive assessments and determinations based on the degree and nature of the diseases found and the specific circumstances of the radiation work they intend to engage in.
4.8 Those who have drug abuse, alcoholism or other bad habits and cannot correct them GBZ98-2002
9 Those under the age of 18 should not work under Type A working conditions; those aged 16 to 17 are allowed to be exposed to radiation under Type B working conditions arranged for training. 4.9
4.10 Pregnant women and breastfeeding women who have been engaged in radiation work should not work under Class A working conditions and should not be exposed to radiation within six months of pregnancy. 4.11 Radiation workers who have previously received 5 times the annual dose limit should not receive special radiation exposures planned in advance. 4.12 For radiation experts or technicians with long radiation work experience, professional training, specialized skills and rich experience, whose health conditions do not meet the health standards, authorized medical institutions and doctors should carefully and carefully weigh the pros and cons to society and individuals to decide whether to continue certain restricted radiation work or stop their radiation work. Opinion on the suitability of radiation work
The opinion on the suitability of radiation work shall be made by the authorized medical examination physician: a) continue the original radiation work;
b) or temporarily leave the radiation work;
c) or should not do radiation work and adjust to other non-radiation work.
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