GB 8370-1987 Quarantine regulations for apple seedlings at the origin
Some standard content:
1 Scope of application
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Plant quarantine rules for producingareas of apple seeding
This regulation applies to all units or farmers that breed apple seedlings. 2 Explanation of terms
UDC 634. 11-152
GB 8370-87
2.1 Origin quarantine: Origin quarantine as referred to in this regulation refers to all quarantine work in the process of seedling breeding, including breeding of seedlings (or scions) without quarantine objects and field inspections during the growth of seedlings and necessary indoor inspections. 2.2 Healthy seedlings: refers to healthy seedlings or scions that have not been found to be quarantined and have controlled diseases according to the inspection methods listed in this regulation. 3 Quarantine objects, controlled diseases and quarantined breeding materials 3.1 Quarantine objects Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann Apple capsule moth Laspeyresia pomonella linne Hyphantria cunea (drury) 3. 2 Controlled diseases: Apple black spot Venturia inaequalis (cke) winter (sexual generation) Spilocaea pomi fr. (asexual generation) Fusicladium dendriticum (wallr.) fuckel (asexual generation synonym) 3.3 Quarantine-bound breeding materials Stock seeds, stock, scion, seedlings 4 Breeding of healthy seedlings 4.1 Selection of nursery sites 4.1.1 The nursery should be located in an area without quarantine objects and controlled diseases. 4. 1. 2 If the quarantined object is sporadically distributed in the area, it must be in a plot with natural isolation conditions, without quarantined objects, and where apples have not been planted. 4.2 Collection and processing of propagation materials
4.2.1 Source and processing of rootstock seeds
4.2.1.1 Rootstock seeds should be self-sufficient or transferred from areas without quarantined objects. 4.2.1.2 The quarantine certificate of the transferred rootstock seeds should be checked and re-inspected. If an epidemic is found, it must be thoroughly handled, and attention should be paid to the inspection of packaging materials.
4.2.2 Source and processing of scions
4.2.2.1 Scions should be collected from healthy mother trees of the unit or transferred from areas without quarantined objects. 4.2.2.2 The quarantine certificates of improved varieties introduced from other places should be checked and re-inspected. If the cottony apple aphid is found, it should be destroyed immediately. The small amount of high-quality scions used can be fumigated with dichlorvos (DDVP) or soaked in a dilute dichlorvos solution (see the attachment for the method). After treatment and re-inspection to confirm that there are no live insects, they can be used.
4.3 Establishment of the mother garden
4.3.1 The nursery base should have a healthy mother garden to provide healthy scions. 4.3.2 The mother garden must be established in an area without quarantine objects and controlled diseases. 4.3.3 The old trees in the mother garden should be replaced in a planned manner and new trees should be cut. 4.3.4 The new mother trees cut in the mother garden should be cultivated with high-quality scions without quarantine objects and controlled diseases. 5. Epidemic prevention measures for nurseries and mother gardens
It is forbidden to bring in unquarantined rootstock seeds, rootstocks, scions, seedlings, fruits and packaging equipment. 5.1
5.2 Tools must be disinfected and used
5.3 Before returning from other nurseries or orchards or outsiders enter the seedling garden and mother garden, they must avoid or wear spare work clothes. 6. Strengthen the management of mother gardens and seedling plots, and prevent and control other diseases and insect pests in time. 7. Quarantine inspection and visa for seedlings and mother gardens
7.1 Field survey
7.1.1 It shall be carried out by the plant quarantine agency together with the management unit of the seedling garden or mother garden. 7.1. 2 It shall be carried out in May to June, July to September, September to December and before the seedlings are infected, and the quarantine objects and control disease symptoms are obvious. Generally, the survey shall be conducted 2 to 4 times.
7.1.3 The mother garden should be investigated plant by plant, and the seedling plot should be carefully checked on the base of the survey with a multi-point pith machine: no less than 50~100 plants per point.
7. 1. 4 Field identification should be carried out according to the morphological characteristics, living habits, damage conditions and symptom characteristics of the quarantine objects (see Appendix A and Appendix B).
7.1.5 Record the investigation results and enter them into the mother garden and seedling plot quarantine investigation registration file (see Appendix 1 and Appendix 2). 7.2 Indoor identification: Suspected pests and diseases found in the field investigation should be brought back for indoor identification (see Appendix B). 7.3 Epidemic treatment
7.3.1 Once the mother garden and seedlings are found to be quarantined and controlled diseases, they should be immediately blocked under the supervision of quarantine personnel. It is strictly forbidden to transport scions and seedlings out of the country, and measures such as destruction or restricted use after disinfection should be taken. 7.3.2 Rapidly identify the epidemic situation, take effective prevention and control measures, and eliminate the epidemic situation (see Appendix C for prevention and control methods). 7.3.3 Immediately stop harvesting scions or raising seedlings in any seedling plots and mother gardens where quarantine objects and controlled diseases are found. The mother garden must be inspected and accepted for three years to confirm that there is no epidemic before resuming harvesting scions. 7.4 Before mapping, conduct a final investigation. If no quarantine objects and controlled diseases are found in the seedling plots and mother gardens, the county-level plant quarantine agency will issue an apple seedling (mother tree) origin quarantine certificate (see Appendix 3 and Appendix 4). 7.5 Go to the local plant quarantine agency to exchange the plant quarantine certificate with the apple seedling (mother tree) origin quarantine certificate. 13
GB8370—87
Appendix A
Identification of the field damage characteristics of three quarantine objects and apple starburst disease (supplement)
Apple woolly aphid: likes to gather at the diseased and insect wounds, cuts, old bark cracks, new shoot leaf axils, short fruit branches, fruit stalks, fruit stem pits and calyx pits, and underground roots of fruit trees. After the tree and branches are damaged, tumor-like protrusions are formed at the damaged parts. In severe cases, the tumors accumulate and the tumors rupture after long storage, causing wounds. A large number of insect bodies with white cotton on their backs appear at the damaged parts. May to early July and mid-September to October are the peak periods of occurrence, which are the most suitable periods for field investigation. Apple capsule moth: mainly damages fruits, with larvae boring into fruits and eating seeds. In severe cases, they eat the flesh vertically and horizontally, making it bean paste-like, and then move to the fruit to damage. The larvae excrete insect feces and pile them outside the holes, and wrap them with silk. There are 2 to 3 generations each year, and the generations cross. The peak period of each generation of larvae is from late May to late August, which is the most suitable period for field investigation. White moth: The first-instar larvae live in groups, spinning silk to pull nets, connecting branches and leaves into a net curtain, and the larvae live and feed in it. There are 2 generations each year, and the peak period of the first generation of larvae is from mid-June to late July. The peak period of the second generation of larvae is from late August to late September. Mid-to-late June and mid-to-late August are suitable periods for investigation. Apple scab: It can infect leaves, petioles, fruits, berries, fruit stalks, flowers, buds and young branches, but it mainly harms leaves and fruits, and the symptoms are particularly obvious on leaves and fruits. This disease begins to occur in mid-to-late May, and the peak period is in mid-to-late July, which is a suitable period for field investigation. Lesions can occur on both the front and back of the leaves, and more on the back in the late stage of the disease. In the early stage of the disease, pale yellow-green circular lesions appear on the leaves, covered with green-brown or olive-colored palms, which are the spore stalks and conidia of the pathogen. In the later stage, the lesions gradually expand, with a diameter of 3-6mm, or larger, and the mold-like substances turn brown, dark brown to black, and sometimes there is a yellow-green halo around the lesions. In the late stage of the disease, the lesions on the front of the leaves are convex upward, grayish white in the middle, and tender and dark outside. The back of the lesions is star-shaped and sunken. Due to the villi on the back, the edge of the lesions is not as clear and obvious as the front of the leaves. On the young leaves of autumn shoots, the lesions are mostly radial. On the veins and petioles, the lesions are long strips and covered with black mold-like substances. When the disease is serious, it is easy to cause early fall.
Fruits can be affected from the young fruit stage to the mature stage, and young fruits are more affected. The lesions are initially pale yellow-green, nearly circular, with dense brown to black mold layers on the surface. In the later stage, the lesions are slightly sunken, hardened and rotten, and the uneven development of the fruit is often shaped like a sun. The fruit is damaged in the later stage, and the lesions are small and numerous, coffee-colored or black, with a rough surface, but not cracked or deformed. GB8370—87
Appendix B
Three quarantine objects and morphological definitions of apple scab (supplement)
B.1. Apple woolly aphid: Nymphs are divided into four instars. The first instar is round and yellowish brown. After the second instar, it gradually becomes conical and reddish brown. There are white waxy wool on the abdomen. The antennae have 6 segments (sex aphids have 5 segments), less than half the length of the body, and the third segment is the longest, which is roughly equal to the sum of the last three segments. The abdominal tube is degenerate, leaving only traces.
The midrib of the forewing of winged aphids has a branch. The forewing has 7 wing veins, and the base is far away from the radial vein area. The hindwing has 3 wing veins, and the midrib and elbow veins are separated. Eggs: about 0.5mm long, about 0.2mm wide, round and simple, slightly larger at one end, with prominent sperm holes, smooth surface covered with white powder, yellowish when first laid, and then gradually turning brown.
B.2 Apple capsule moth: Adult body length 8mm, spread 19-20mm, dark brown with purple metallic luster: The color of the forewing can be clearly divided into 3 areas, the darkest sugar-round spot at the hip angle is dark brown, with 3 steel-blue stripes. The base of the wing is brown, the outer edge of this brown part is prominent, slightly triangular, and this area is mixed with darker oblique lines. The middle part of the wing is the darkest, light brown, with brown oblique lines. The ventral surface of the male and female forewings is very different. The male has a fruit-colored scale along the rear edge of the middle chamber. The larva has 4 scales, while the male has only 1. Larva: White when first fermented, with the larvae fermenting, the back is light red and jade red. The mature larva is 14-18mm long. The back is dark and the ventral color is very light. The head is yellow skirt color. The prothorax shield is yellow with relatively regular mattress color spots. The anterior valve group has 3 setae, located on the same hair plate. The 3 setae of the leg group of the first abdominal segment are located at the end of the hair plate, and the leg group of the eighth summer segment has 2 setae. The plate is lighter in color than the prothorax scutellum, with small magenta spots on it. There is no comb, and the hook of the toe is missing in a single sequence (missing outside). Egg: slightly oval; 1.1-1.2 mm long, 0.9-1 mm wide, very flat, slightly raised in the center, with the embryo developing, the center is yellow, and a circle of intermittent red spots appears, which gradually become one circle. Before hatching, the red circle gradually disappears. There is no obvious engraving on the surface. The pupa is 7-10 mm long and yellowish brown. There are 2 hooked hairs on each side of the anus of male and female wax, plus 6 at the end, a total of 10. B.3 American white moth
Adult: It is a pure white medium-sized moth, 9-12 mm long, with a white head. Compound eyes are yellow, male adult antennae are black, double-pectinate, wingspan 23-34mm, some forewings have dark brown spots. Female antennae are brown, serrated, wingspan 33-48mm. The R, R, R and R veins of the forewings are common to the R veins, which are free from the wing chamber. The hindwing S. is fused with the wing chamber, and the M and M veins are from the posterior corner of the wing chamber, with a short common stalk. The base of the foot and the femur are orange or white, the tibia and gills are white with black spots, the tibia of the foreleg has a pair of teeth, and the tibia of the middle and hind legs each has a pair of terminal spurs.
The male genitalia is melon-shaped and hook-shaped, the clasping petals on both sides are symmetrical, and each clasping petal has a tooth-like protrusion in the center of both sides. The penis end is thick and longer than the clasping petal, and there are many small thorns at the end. The anal bursae of the female genitalia are developed, large and flat, with bristles on them. B.4 Apple Star Disease
Mycelium: The hyphae are initially colorless, gradually turning into bluish brown to brown when mature, and gray on the culture medium. The hyphae are branched and septate. In young leaves, the hyphae are bundled, and when expanding, they radiate and branch out in all directions, with feathery edges. On old leaves and fruits, the edges of the lesions are neat and obvious.
Conidiophores and conidia: Conidiophores are clustered, short and upright, unbranched, dark brown, swollen at the base, usually with 0 to 2 septa, with obvious ring marks on the upper part of the conidia, length and width of 24 to 64 × 4 to 6um, solitary conidia, oblong or cleft, truncated at the base, blunt or slightly pointed at the top, colorless when first born, gradually turning bluish skirt color and dark brown, generally single-celled, a few are twin-celled, and the size is 14 to 24 × 6 to 8μm.
Ascus and ascospores: Ascospores only occur on fallen dead leaves. Ascus are extremely small, buried in leaf tissue, spherical or nearly spherical, about 90-160μm in diameter, with an orifice, slightly nipple-like protrusions at the orifice, and a few with bristles. Each ascus can generally produce 50-100 asci. Asci generally have 8 ascospores, which are oval, colorless at first, blue-brown when mature, twin, with the upper ascospore smaller and slightly pointed, and the lower ascospore larger and rounder, with a size of 11-15×5-7um. 15
GB 8370—87
Appendix C
Prevention and control of three quarantine agents and black droop disease of apple (supplement)
C.1 Woolly apple aphid: During the period of pest occurrence, the following pesticides can be used for prevention and control: 1000 times diluted 40% omethoate EC for continuous spraying twice at intervals of 10 days, 3000~4000 times diluted 40.7% chlorpyrifos EC, 1500~2000 times diluted 80% dichlorvos EC (forbidden to use during the fruit setting period) for spraying on trees.
C.2 Apple moth: In addition to keeping the orchard clean, picking up fallen fruits, and eliminating larvae that have not yet fallen off the fallen fruits, the habit of mature larvae to burrow into the bark for pupation can be used. A piece of grass or old cloth can be tied under the main trunk and branches to attract larvae to burrow into them, and regular inspections can be carried out to kill the larvae or pupae in them. If pesticides are applied to the trap, the larvae will die after entering, which can save the number of inspections. Use 20% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times diluted to spray the first time at the beginning of the hatching of the first generation of larvae. "The first spraying time should be calculated from the development starting temperature of the apple moth (physiological zero degree) of 9°C. When the effective accumulated temperature reaches 230 degrees, the first generation of larvae begins to hatch. In addition, for the initial fruit borer larvae, 0.04% 1605 suspension, 0.06% cypermethrin suspension or 0.04% ~0. 06% phosphamidon emulsion, etc. C.3 American white moth: Cut off the egg masses and insect nest screens and burn them in a centralized manner. The affected plants and trees within 50 meters around them should be sprayed with pesticides for prevention and control. The main pesticides are 800~1000 times of 90% trichlorfon powder, 2000~2500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000~1200 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, 8000 times of 2.5% cyanamide emulsion, 5000~6000 times of 20% cypermethrin, etc. The most suitable period for prevention and control is the 1st to 4th instar larvae. You can also use green worm fungus 250 C.4 Apple scab: After the fruit is harvested, clean up the diseased leaves that fall to the ground in the orchard, burn them in a concentrated manner or bury them deep in the ground. This is an important measure to reduce the source of initial infection. Spray 7% urea or 10% ammonium phosphate or ammonium sulfate solution under the tree before the fruit tree sprouts to control the production of ascospores and reduce the source of initial infection. Spray the whole tree for protection before the disease occurs, and then spray it 3~4 times according to the progress of the disease. times. The drugs include 25% triadimefon wettable powder 1500 times solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times solution, 40% ethylene aluminum condensable powder 300 times solution, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution, 60% tekodo wettable powder 1000 times solution and Bordeaux mixture 200~250 times solution. Other effective drugs and methods can also be used for prevention and control. 16
GB8370-87
Appendix D
Treatment method for cottony apple aphid
(Supplement)
D.1 Dichlorvos heating fumigation method: Divide the volume of 1m into three grids in the vinyl plastic shed, with the bottom grid 10 cm, with a spacing of 30 cm. Place 3 to 4 bundles of apple scions in each grid (each bundle should not exceed 150 scions). Place a tripod in a corner of the shed, and place a can on the tripod. Inject 50 mL of 80% dichlorvos emulsion into the can. Place an alcohol lamp under the tripod to heat for 5 to 10 minutes to evaporate the original solution. Steam for 30 minutes at a temperature of 36°C in the shed, and then take it out and place it in a cool place for 4 hours to kill all the apple aphids. D.2. Dichlorvos soaking method: Use 1000 times diluted 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate, soak for 5 to 10 minutes at a liquid temperature of 25 to 30°C, take it out and place it in a cool place for 18 hours to kill all apple aphids. Table D1 Apple seedling origin inspection registration form
Variety name
Breeding unit
Number (plants)
Survey during the growth period
Survey date
Name of pests and diseases
Handling opinions:
Number of investigated plants
Occurring plants
Source of scion
Inspection date
Source of rootstock seeds
Person in charge
Survey of plots
Name of pests and diseases
Investigation area
Number of occurring plants
Quarantine officer
Grafting datewwW.bzxz.Net
Variety name
Handling opinions:
G 8370--87
Registration form for quarantine of mother apple trees
Number of trees (plants)
Tree static (year)
Name of insect
Breeding unit
Quarantine officer:
Quarantine date:
Species name
Origin of tree
Breeding area
Breeding unit
Quarantine result
Quarantine deadline:
Species name
Origin of tree
Breeding area
Breeding unit
Quarantine result of origin:
Approval opinion of city (prefecture) county quarantine agency:
GB 8370-—87
Table D3 Apple seedlings origin quarantine certificate (stub) year
Number of fields
Number of fungi provided
Strict inspection school
Apple seedlings origin quarantine certificate
Person in charge
Number of plots
Number of seedlings provided
Investor
Inspector,
(Stamp)
Quarantine date:
Variety name
Area of mother garden
Quarantine date:
Variety name
Area of mother garden
(mu)
Purple colony location
Strict quarantine nesting:
Origin (place) county quarantine department's review opinion: Additional notes:
GB8370-87
Apple mother tree origin quarantine certificate (stub) Form D
Origin No.
Number of mother trees
Person in charge
Apple mother tree origin quarantine certificate
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Township
Payee
Inspector:
(Coverage rate)
This standard was drafted by the National Plant Protection Station, Liaoning Provincial Department of Agriculture Plant Protection Station, and Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture Plant Protection Station. The main drafters of this standard are Qian Jumei, Wang Fengmei, Sun Bingxiang, Zhu Shixing, and Qiu Mingbang. 20
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