Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Cranes-Test code and procedures
Cranes-Test code and procedures This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO4310-1981 "Cranes Test Code and Procedures". 1 Scope of application
UdC. 621.873
7.877
GB 5905—86
ISO4310-1981
This standard specifies the inspection of whether the crane meets its working performance Parameters and technical requirements as well as tests and procedures to be followed to determine whether the rated load can be lifted. For cranes whose rated load depends on stability, test procedures and test loads for checking stability are also specified.
This standard applies to the following cranes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.||tt ||·
g.
h.
Overhead cranes:
Loading bridges and gantry cranes,
Gantry cranes*||tt || Mobile cranes,
Tower cranes:
Railway cranes:
Cable cranes,
Other cranes to which this standard applies.
Types of tests and number of prototypes
2
2.1 In order to meet the requirements of this standard, the following three tests are required:. Conduct qualification tests for crane characteristics in accordance with the provisions of Article 3.1; b. Conduct visual inspection according to the provisions of Article 3.2; c. Carry out load lifting capacity test according to the provisions of Article 3.3. 2.2 All cranes should meet the above-mentioned tests, but for mass-produced cranes, the number of prototypes for testing items a and c in Article 2.1 should be determined by mutual negotiation between the supplier and the buyer*. 2.3 The crane should be tested in the factory before being delivered for use. For cranes that are installed or assembled at the place of use, if there is no other agreement between the supplier and the buyer, the test should be carried out at the place of use. 3 Test procedures
3.1 Qualification test
When the crane is undergoing qualification testing, the following parameters should be conducted and verified according to the load characteristics of the crane: Mass of the crane (when practical): Rotation axis to edge of counterweight Distance, load lifting height:
Hook limit position:
* In legal terms, "supplier" and "demander" shall be understood as the parties signing the contract. The "supplier" is the party that supplies the crane, and the "demand party" is the party that receives the crane according to the contract.
National Bureau of Standards released on 1986-03-03
12
Implemented on 1986-11-01
Load lifting speed:
Accurate load lowering Speed;
Crane operating speed
Car operating speed:
Rotation speed:
Amplitude time:
Boom telescopic time: ||tt| |Duty cycle time (if necessary);
Reliability of limiter
GB 5905-86
Performance of the drive device, such as the current of the motor under test load conditions. 3.2 Visual inspection
The visual inspection should include whether the specifications and/or status of all important parts meet the requirements, such as various mechanisms, electrical equipment, safety devices, brakes, controllers, lighting and signaling systems; crane metal structures and Its connectors, ladders, passages, cabs and platforms: all protective devices,
hooks or other fetching devices and their connectors: wire ropes and their fixings;
pulley blocks and their Shafts and fastening parts, and rods of the frame. During inspection, it is not necessary to disassemble any parts, but covers that should be opened during normal maintenance and inspection, such as limit switch covers, should be opened. The visual inspection also includes checking that all required certificates have been submitted and reviewed. 3.3 Load lifting capacity test
Load lifting capacity test includes the following: static load test,
dynamic load test;
stability test (when applicable).
3.3.1 Static load test
3.3.1.1 The purpose of the static load test is to test the structural bearing capacity of the crane and its various parts. The results of this test are deemed to be good if no cracks, permanent deformations, paint peeling or damage affecting the performance and safety of the crane are seen, and no loose or damaged connections appear. ·3.3.1.2 The static load test of each hoisting mechanism should be conducted separately. If the crane specifications permit, the static load test of the combined action of the hoisting mechanism should also be conducted. During the test, the crane should be placed in a position and state where the main components bear the maximum wire rope load, maximum bending moment and/or maximum axial force according to actual usage conditions.
The load of the static load test should be gradually added, and lifted to a height of 100~200mm above the ground. The hanging time should not be less than 10 minutes. 3.3.1.3 Except for higher values ??specified in technical standards or order contracts, the test load of all cranes is 1.25P, where P is defined as:
a. For mobile cranes: P is the load on the hoisting mechanism, including the weight of the payload and the weight of the hook set and rigging: b. For other cranes: P is the rated lifting capacity specified by the manufacturer. This rated lifting capacity does not include the weight of any retrieval device that is an inherent part of the crane when it is in working condition*. 3.3.2 Dynamic load test
3.3.2.1 The main purpose of the dynamic load test is to verify the functions of the crane's various mechanisms and brakes. If each component can complete its functional test, and no damage to the mechanism or structural components is found during the subsequent visual inspection, and no looseness or damage to the connections appears, the test results are deemed to be good. *The weight of the product hook does not include the rated lifting capacity per person. The weight of grabbers, electromagnetic suckers and other pickup devices is included in the rated lifting capacity. 163
GB 5905--86
During the test, the crane should be controlled according to the operating regulations, and attention must be paid to limiting the acceleration, deceleration and speed within the normal working range of the crane.
3.8.2.2 The dynamic load test of each mechanism of the crane should be conducted separately. If specified in the crane specification, a joint action test should be conducted. The test should be conducted in the position and state where the mechanism bears the maximum load. During the test, each action should be started and braked repeatedly throughout its entire range of motion, and according to its working cycle, the test should last at least 1 hour. The test also includes starting the suspended test load in the air. At this time, the test load should not move in the opposite direction. 3.3.2.3 If no higher value is required, the crane load test load should be 1.1P. 3.3.3 Stability test
3.3.3.1 The purpose of the stability test is to test the anti-overturning stability of the crane. The results of this test are considered to be good when the test load is applied stationary on the hook of the crane without the crane overturning. 3.3.3.2 The stability test load of the mobile crane should be calculated according to formula (1): 1.25P+0FwwW.bzxz.Net
where: F (F, or F2) is converted to the main boom head or jib head The main arm weight G or the jib weight g. (1
When the weight G of the main arm is very large and the design load of the jib is relatively light, the test load calculated according to formula (1) should not be hung on the head of the jib during the stability test. At this point, the stability requirements can be checked by calculation. Note that 1.25P can be changed if higher values ??are required. The figure below shows a side view of a typical crane and the symbols for the parameters to be considered are marked. . L and 1 -
16.1
Parametric diagram used to calculate the stability test load The length of the main arm and the jib (for telescopic booms, L is the length of the main arm in the considered state), ( X,) and (,)
j and K
m and n
F should be calculated according to formula (2):
GB5905-86
The coordinates of the center of gravity of the main arm and the jib:
The radius of the main arm and the jib:
The radius of the center of gravity of the main arm and the jib
F=-
Right. For a crane with only main boom, K=n=g=0
then
mG+ g(j+ n)
j+K
F =\G||tt ||For a crane with a main boom and a jib, if the load is lifted at the head of the main boom, K=0, then
then
If the load is lifted at the head of the jib,| |tt||F
F2=
mG+ g (i+ n)
mG+g(j+n)
j+K
Note : The values ??of P, G, 9 and center of gravity coordinates (XY) and (, u》 corresponding to L and 1 should be stated in the crane's documents. (2)
3.3.3.3 For other than flow type For cranes, no special stability test is required. 3.3.3.4 The stability test should be carried out in the specified working site and in the position and state with the least stability. If loads are specified differently for different locations or work sites, stability checks should be selectively performed for these conditions. 3.4 Test report
After completing the test content specified in Article 2.1, a test report should be prepared and the test conclusions and inspection results should be tabulated. The report shall identify the crane tested and note the date, location and name of the supervisor. The load, position, status, procedures and conclusions of each case should also be recorded in detail in the test report. For cranes that are only required to be inspected according to item b of Article 2.1, a brief report can be made, which should indicate the crane tested, the date, location and name of the inspector, as well as the inspection results of each item. 4 Test conditions
4.1 For the purpose of testing, the crane should be equipped with working devices suitable for rated load operations in accordance with the regulations. 4.2 Cranes operating on rails shall be tested on rails manufactured and laid in accordance with the provisions of the crane specifications. 4.3 When testing a crane equipped with pneumatic tires or crawler tracks, it should be carried out on a solid semi-water surface (the error should be no more than ±0.5%). 4.4 The wind speed during the test should not be greater than 8.3m/s (30km/h). If there is no other stipulation in the user contract, this should not be understood as requiring the crane to be in the orientation that withstands the most adverse wind effects. 4.5 For a crane equipped with pneumatic tires, when the crane is supported on the tires for testing, the working pressure of the tires should comply with the manufacturing regulations, and the error should be no more than ±3%, and all tires should be facing forward. Note: The supporting conditions of these tires should comply with the manufacturing regulations. 4.6 For cranes with outriggers, when testing on the outriggers, the crane should be placed horizontally, and the error should be less than 0.5%.
4.6.1 When testing a crane equipped with pneumatic tires During the process, when using outriggers, unless otherwise specified by the supplier, the crane should be lifted by the outriggers to form a gap between all tires and the ground, or so that all tires do not bear the weight of the crane. 4.6.2 During the test of the crawler crane, when using outriggers, the crane should be installed to ensure that the outriggers are firmly supported on the supporting surface.
4.6.3 The test of other cranes shall be carried out in accordance with the technical standards or the provisions of the contract. 4.7 The fuel tank should be filled to full capacity. Coolant, lubricating oil and hydraulic oil should be installed to the working level according to the supplier's regulations. 165 | This standard is drafted by Shanghai Hoisting and Transport Machinery Factory. The main drafter of this standard is Zhang Weihua.
166
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