The technical rules for producing F1 hybrid eggs of silkworm ( Bombyx mori )
Some standard content:
ICS65.020.01
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T1093-2006
Technical Rules for Producing F, Hybrid Eggs of Silkworm (Bombyx mori)2006-07-10Promulgated
Implemented on 2006-10-01
Promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. NY/T10932006
This standard was drafted by the Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Sericulture Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Zhenjiang), the Zhejiang Province Silkworm Seed Management Station, the College of Animal Science of Zhejiang University, the Jiangsu Province Silkworm Seed Management Institute, the Sichuan Province Sericulture Management Station, the Guangdong Province Sericulture Product Testing Center and the Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Sericulture Products of the Ministry of Agriculture (Yantai). The main drafters of this standard are: Li Yiren, Ye Xiayu, Chen Tao, Shen Xingjia, Xu Mengkui, Tao Tao, Xu Mingfen, Yu Zhencheng, Yu Aiqun, Zhu Hongshun. 1 Scope
Technical regulations for breeding of first-generation hybrid silkworms
NY/T1093—2006
This standard specifies the technical specifications for the production conditions, breeding of original silkworms, seed production, protection of silkworm seeds, cold storage and pickling, sorting, packaging and transportation of first-generation hybrid silkworms.
This standard applies to the breeding of first-generation hybrid silkworms. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revised versions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. NY326 First Generation Hybrids of Silkworms
NY/T327 Inspection Procedure for First Generation Hybrids of SilkwormsGB19179—2003 Original Silkworms
GB/T19178—2003 Inspection Procedure for Original Silkworms3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Hibernating eggs
Silkworm seeds produced in the first year and protected in the form of diapause eggs until used in the second year are called hibernating eggs. 3.2
Common acid-treated eggsThe method of treating silkworm eggs with hydrochloric acid to promote hatching after they are laid at a temperature of 24°C to 25°C for 18h to 30h until the diapause eggs reach the embryo formation stage is called the common acid-treated hatching method. The silkworm seeds treated by this method are called common acid-treated eggs. 3.3
eggs by acid-treatment after chilling After laying, the silkworm eggs are kept cold at 24℃～25℃ for about 44h～60h in the early stage of embryonic development of diapause eggs. After a certain period of time, they are taken out of the warehouse and soaked in acid to promote hatching. This is called the cold storage acid-hatching method. The silkworm eggs treated by this method are called cold storage acid-treating method. 3.4
eggs by acid-treatment after chilling in pause stage After laying, the silkworm eggs with intergeneration are stored in the warehouse within 7d～45d, and after a certain period of time, they are taken out of the warehouse and soaked in acid to promote hatching. This is called the cold storage acid-treating method. The silkworm eggs treated by this method are called the cold storage acid-treating method. 3.5
propagation coefficient The propagation coefficient refers to the ratio of the number of offspring silkworm eggs produced to the number of parent silkworm eggs or cocoons raised. 4 Production conditions
4.1 Environment
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There is little environmental pollution and no threat to the safety of silkworm breeding: convenient transportation: the layout of the production area is reasonable, water and electricity are sufficient, and the production rooms, equipment and tools and the surrounding environment are easy to disinfect.
4.2 Mulberry garden
Mulberry gardens for silkworm seed production should be concentrated in a certain scale and have drought resistance and flood drainage facilities. According to local conditions, select excellent mulberry varieties and tree types that are suitable for local conditions and conducive to improving the quality of silkworm seeds: early, middle and late mulberry varieties are reasonably matched to meet the leaf requirements of spring and autumn production, and a special case garden is built that accounts for 5% to 15% of the total area of the garden. Mulberry gardens are mainly fertilized with organic fertilizers: when applying chemical fertilizers, NP and K fertilizers should be reasonably matched, generally 5:3:4 is appropriate. The prevention and control of mulberry diseases and insect pests should implement the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", establish a complete prediction and forecasting system, master the occurrence law of diseases and insect pests, and formulate effective prevention and control measures. 4.3 Facilities
Silkworm seed production should be equipped with the following main facilities: the main production room for the production of 10,000 silkworm seeds per period, with the minimum requirements of: silkworm room (including family room) 700m2800m2, storage room 100m2~300m2, auxiliary room 100m2 equipped with silkworm seed protection room according to the number of 100 hair seeds/m2 or 300 hair seeds/m2 per year. It should be equipped with silkworm seed cold storage that can control the temperature at -5℃～10C and male moth cold storage room at 5℃～15℃, acid dipping equipment, steam disinfection stove that can maintain a high temperature of 100℃, and the main production, protection, disinfection, seed bathing, quality inspection and other necessary instruments and equipment and corresponding auxiliary facilities and equipment. 4.4 Personnel
Silkworm seed production units should be equipped with technical personnel according to the scale of silkworm seed production. Each farm should be equipped with at least one technical person in charge with a mid-level professional title or above and one full-time silkworm seed quality inspector: at least one technical person should be equipped for each production of 10,000 silkworm seeds in the first phase. 5 Main Process
Wu Pinge Inspection and Recommendation
6 Original Silkworm Breeding
6.1 Production Plan
Unqualified
Seedling in the Next Year
No Seeding in the Next Year
Unqualified
Figure 1 Flow Chart of First Generation Hybrid Silkworm Production
Inspection and Quarantine of Mother Ants
6.1.1 Silkworm Varieties
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Silkworm varieties approved by the state or provincial level and meeting the requirements of seed-using units should be selected for production, and mating and seed production should be carried out strictly according to the approved hybrid combinations.
6.1.2 Feeding plan
According to production conditions, variety breeding coefficient and production quantity, determine the number of original species and formulate a feeding plan for original silkworms. 6.2 Preparation before silkworm rearing
6.2.1 Cleaning, disinfection and environmental testing
Before disinfection, thoroughly clean and wash the silkworm rearing utensils and silkworm rearing environment. Disinfection methods include drug spraying, fumigation, boiling and sun exposure. Different disinfection objects should choose appropriate disinfection methods, or multiple methods can be combined. When disinfecting, ensure the prescribed dosage, temperature and humidity, and action time of the drug. After disinfection, the indoor and outdoor environment should be tested to confirm the disinfection effect.
6.2.2 Material preparation
Before silkworm rearing, various silkworm materials should be prepared and disinfected. 6.3 Accelerating the growth of mulberry trees
6.3.1 Departure date
The spring depot date should be determined based on the germination of mulberry trees in the current year, local weather forecasts, the depot dates of previous years, and the developmental differences between cross varieties. Generally, it is appropriate for mid- and late-growing mulberry trees to have 4 to 5 leaves. When adopting batch breeding and seed production, the timely development of large batches should be considered as the main consideration, and the developmental differences between the previous and next batches should be appropriately taken into account
The autumn depot date should be determined based on the production layout and seed use time of the early autumn and mid-autumn periods of the farm, taking into account the natural temperature during the silkworm period, the quality of mulberry leaves, etc. Early autumn is appropriate in early July: mid-autumn is appropriate in mid-August, and it is better to be early than late. 6.3.2 Accelerating standards
The standards for accelerating the growth of bivoltine varieties are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Standards for accelerating the growth of bivoltine varieties
Time for accelerating the growth (d)
Embryonic development stage
Target temperature (C)
Relative humidity (%)
Time for accelerating the growth (d)
Embryonic development stage
Target temperature (C)
Relative humidity (%)
3 Key points for accelerating the growth
Evenly sense temperature and ventilate regularly|| tt||1st~4th
2nd
Natural light
1st~4th
2nd
Natural light
5th~10th
E~F,
E, 18h light exposure per day, dark protection5th~10th
E~F, 18h light exposure per day, dark protection. Adjust the starting point of incubation, embryo, and grasp the arrival time of embryo and embryo (green egg): b)
c) According to the development of embryo, adjust the incubation temperature and humidity in time from embryo; d) Put the green eggs (embryo) in the dark. 6.3.4. Inhibition of green eggs
When the collection of ants needs to be postponed under special circumstances, the green eggs can be refrigerated and inhibited. The inhibition temperature is 5°C and the inhibition time is limited to 2d~3d. Before entering the inhibition temperature and at the end of inhibition, there should be a 4h~6h transition of the intermediate temperature of 10℃~13C. 6.4 Collection of mosquitoes
6.4.1 Preparation for collection of ants
Prepare ant collection tools and leaves. Adjust the temperature of the silkworm room and the relative humidity to 25℃ and 80%~85%. 6.4.2 Time for collection of ants
The photosensitization is performed at around 5 am on the morning of the day of collection of ants. For Chinese varieties, the appropriate time for collection is 2h~3h after the peak hatching: Japanese varieties and autumn should be appropriately advanced. The whole process of collecting ants should not exceed 2h, and the seats should be completed before 11 am. 6.4.3 Collection method and zoning
The collection method is net collection or cotton paper attraction method. For species with strong evasion, it can be combined with the knocking down method. The rearing of original silkworms adopts zoning ant quantity rearing, and each original seed is a rearing area. The ants and silkworms of the same original seed cannot be divided into different rearing areas. 6.5 Rearing
6.5.1 Rearing standards
The rearing standards of original silkworms are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Indicators of silkworm rearing
Target temperature (T)
Relative humidity (%)
Number of mulberry feeding (times/d)
Mulberry cutting size (cm
Number of sand removal
Number of pituitary disinfection
Maximum ant weight per gram
Silkworm seat area (cm
0.25~1.69
1 time for sleeping
300 for mosquito collection,
Maximum 1200
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
1 time for getting up and sleeping
10 000
Get up and dormant, remove once in the middle of the day
Get up, feed, and sleep 1 time each
Note 1: The temperature for raising silkworms from 1st to 3rd instar should be slightly higher, and plastic film should be used for general breeding. Note 2: Reduce the temperature by 17 during dormancy at each instar.
6.5.2 Requirements for using leaves
Leaf or bud leaves
Get up and remove once in the middle of the day
Eggs, once each when ripe,
1 time each at the middle of the day
45000-50000
The requirements for using leaves for silkworms of each instar are shown in Table 3. For spring silkworms of 4th to 5th instar, the core leaves of the new shoots of mulberry trees should be removed 8d to 10d before using the leaves to avoid using too tender mulberry leaves.
Table 3 Requirements for leaves for silkworms of different ages
Moisture content (%)
Moisture content (%)
Collect ants as the base
Yellow-green
The first leaf of the growing bud
Yellow-green
The 1st leaf on the largest leaf
Note: 55kg~85kg of mulberry medicine is used per gram of ants for all ages, 4
Light green
The 2nd
Light green
The largest leaf or on
The 3rd leaf of the growing bud
Or the 1st leaf of the core bud
Light green
The largest 1 leaf below the leaf
Dark green
The core bud leaf or
The mature leaf of the growing bud
The 6th to 7th leaf
Dark green
The core bud leaf or
Mature leaf
Dark green
All picked
Dark green
Except the 5 leaves
6 leaves at the base
6.6 Picking the leather
6.6.1 The leather tool
Plastic folding leather is suitable, and square leather can also be used. Put water-absorbent materials under the leather. 6.6.2 The period and method of leather picking
The leather is picked in batches according to the breeding batch.
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When the silkworms are mature, they are fed as they mature: when a large number of silkworms are ripe, the immature silkworms can be picked out and fed separately, and the rest of the silkworms are fed together; when a small number of late-maturing silkworms are basically mature, they are fed at once, and the feeding density is 300 heads/m~400 heads/m. If necessary, cover the group after feeding, and remove the group net after the cocoon shell is formed, and remove the bedding material. 6.6.3 Environment in the flag
During the feeding, the temperature of the group room should be 24℃~25℃ and the relative humidity should be about 75%. The group should be ventilated, quiet, and dimly lit to avoid stuffiness, vibration and strong wind.
6.6.4 Seedling collection
Silkworm seed production should use the "early collection" technology, and the appropriate collection period is when silk spinning has ended but before pupation; if pupation has begun, the cocoons should be collected after all pupations have occurred. The collected seed cocoons should be laid out in a thin layer horizontally. 6.7 Comprehensive prevention and control of silkworm diseases
6.7.1 Control of pathogen transmission
During the breeding process, dormancy treatment should be done well, and silkworms should be raised and divided into batches in time. Defective individuals such as late-dormant silkworms and weak silkworms should be eliminated, and the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats should be disinfected. Attention should be paid to table hygiene. Various wastes, such as silkworm feces, diseased silkworms (, silkworms), shells, bedding, male moths, etc., should be disinfected with drugs or buried deep or treated harmlessly by composting and fermentation to avoid the spread of pathogens. 6.7.2 Strengthen feeding management
Use appropriate mature silkworms to ensure that the silkworm leaves are fresh. In the breeding process, according to the requirements of 6.5.1, maintain appropriate Silkworm bed environment. 6.7.3 Preliminary inspection
6.7.3.1 Corrective inspection
After the original silkworms are harvested, the egg shells, residual silkworms and residual eggs should be collected according to the breeding batch, ground and examined under a microscope for corrective inspection of microspores. If microspores are found after inspection, the original silkworms in the corresponding breeding area should be eliminated in time. 6.7.3.2 Inspection of dormant silkworms
From the time of harvesting to the upper tribe, take late-dormant silkworms, weak silkworms and silkworms that do not form cocoons according to the breeding area of each age for microspores inspection, and eliminate the breeding area with microspores in time.
6.7.3.3 Inspection for promoting moth emergence
Take some representative mature silkworms from the breeding batch (section) and put them into the tribe separately, and protect them at a temperature of 27℃~29℃ and a relative humidity of 80%~85% to promote their early emergence and conduct microspores inspection: at the same time, take some of the thin skins that have been selected, and the rotten ones The cocoons and seedlings shall be inspected for microparticle diseases. Based on the inspection results, it is decided whether the breeding batch will produce seeds or not. 7 Seed production
7.1 Seed leather protection
After the harvesting of cocoons is completed or the seed cocoons are purchased, the seed cocoons should be sent to the seed protection room for protection as soon as possible. Safety should be paid attention to during the transportation of seed cocoons to avoid steaming, sun and rain, violent vibration and contact with toxic substances. The temperature of the protection room is 23℃~26℃, and the relative humidity is 75%80%. After the seedlings and moths are seen, the relative humidity is 80%-85%; during this period, it should be kept bright during the day and dark at night, and the air should be fresh.
7.2 Cocoon selection
Select poor cocoons such as thin-skinned, deformed cocoons, cotton cocoons, pointed cocoons, perforated, and extra-small cocoons, as well as cocoons that do not meet the inherent characteristics of the variety. The selection rate should not be less than 3%.
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7.3 Seed cocoon survey||tt ||7.3.1 Investigation time
Generally, the investigation is conducted on the 7th to 9th day after the breeding period. The varieties with a short breeding period can be appropriately advanced. For the original silkworm area, the investigation is conducted in conjunction with the evaluation of the department.
7.3.2 Investigation items
The investigation items are the total quantity, cocoon layer quantity, cocoon layer rate, worm yield per gram or kilogram seedling number, healthy rate or dead cage rate. The qualified index is determined according to the inherent characteristics of the variety. The investigation is conducted in the breeding batch in the farm and in the original silkworm area in the household. 7.4 Cocoon peeling, pupa identification and cocoon spreading
The peeling and identification work should be carried out after the compound eyes of the pupa are colored and finished before the moths emerge. When peeling, the body should be protected from damage: before the pupae are identified, the diseased, dead, bleeding, half-molted, very small and deformed pupae should be selected; after the initial identification, a re-inspection should be carried out, and a sampling survey should be conducted after the re-inspection to ensure that the accuracy rate of male and female identification is greater than 99%.
After inspection, the male and female moths should be separated according to the species and placed in a silkworm plaque with soft materials (such as short grass, wavy origami, etc.) at a density of 600/m2~1000/m
7.5 Moth adjustment and moth catching and selection
7.5.1 Moth catching adjustment
During the cocooning period, the body development should be observed in time, and the temperature should be adjusted to ensure that the number of moths of the male and female moths of the crossbreeding species is basically balanced every day. The temperature adjustment range is preferably 22℃～26℃. 7.5.2 Moth catching and moth selection
On the day of moth catching, the photosensitize at around 3 am in spring and early autumn; at 4-5 am in mid-late autumn. The time for catching moths is to grasp the time after the moth scales and hairs are fully dried after the emergence, the moth interest is unfolded, and the moth body is shrunk. Start catching moths at 6-7 am, first eliminate pure pairs of moths, then pick up Chinese varieties first, then Japanese varieties: first male and then female: first landed, win side moths, and then proceed from top to bottom. The moths are evenly placed in the silkworm tray, and the female moths are placed at a density of about 250/m. In the process of catching moths, throwing moths, and mating, timely select sick moths, half-molted moths, big-bellied moths, very small moths, black-jointed moths, and scale-shedding moths, and eliminate the last moths. 7.6 Mating, separation of pairs, throwing moths and laying eggs
7.6.1. Mating and separation
Mating is suitable for 3h~4h after moth emergence. Sprinkle male moths evenly in the female moth plaque, and put in 5%~10% more male moths than female moths. After mating for 15min-30min, sort out the pairs, take out the unmated moths, and mate separately. The interval between mating pairs should be such that the wings of the moths do not touch each other. The mating time is 3h~5h, the temperature of the mating room is 23C~25℃, and the relative humidity is 75%~80%. The room should be kept windless, weak light, quiet, and never ask for heat
The number of mating times for male moths is limited to 2 times. Fresh male moths and re-mated male moths should be used separately. Separation is carried out according to the mating time, and attention should be paid to light movements. After separation, gently shake the female moth to fully expel moth urine. Pay attention to selecting bad moths and difficult ones.
7.6.2 Moth laying
After urinating, the eagle moth is quickly sent to the egg-laying room. One egg is placed on the egg-scattering cloth or silkworm paper at a rate of about 6cm2-10cm2. The egg-scattering cloth and silkworm paper used for the production of the second year should be starched in advance. The temperature of the egg-laying room is about 24℃～25℃, and the relative humidity is about 75%. The room should be kept dark and ventilated. Do not let it get stuffy. After the moths are thrown, a special person should patrol the room. Take out the escaped moths at any time, straighten the moths facing the sky, select the male moths, and dry the moth urine on the egg-laying materials. For varieties with poor egg-laying ability and many residual eggs, in addition to appropriate withdrawal and long cross, the temperature of the egg-laying room can be appropriately higher. 7.6.3 Refrigeration of male moths
Fresh male moths and recrossed male moths should be refrigerated separately. The protection temperature is 5℃～10℃ and kept dark. The refrigeration time is limited to 3. Male moths should be avoided as much as possible.
7.7 Delivery of seeds for bag moth
7.7.1 Bag moth
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The time from moth laying eggs to bag moth is within 10 hours for immediate acid-soaked seeds, within 12 hours for refrigerated acid-soaked seeds, and within 15 hours for old-year seeds. The egg-laying time should be shortened appropriately for varieties prone to unfertilized eggs. Bag moth treatment methods and box treatment should be carried out in accordance with NY/T327—1997 "Inspection Procedures for First Generation Hybrids of Silkworms". 7.7.2 Delivery of seeds
Instant acid-soaked seeds should be delivered to the designated acid-soaking site within 14 hours from the peak of egg laying. Refrigerated acid-soaked seeds should be delivered to the designated cold storage within 36 hours after the peak of egg laying, and they should continue to be protected according to the specified conditions until they are acid-soaked or stored in cold storage; after the old-year seeds are harvested, they should be sent to the silkworm seed protection room for protection. The quantity should be counted before delivery. During transportation, the temperature above 27°C should be avoided, and the sun and rain should be avoided. The contact with harmful gases and harmful items should be avoided, and the delivery time should be shortened as much as possible.
7.8 Silkworm seed yield estimation
After the seed production is completed, the yield is estimated by weighing the seed production batch (segment). From the estimation to the sorting and boxing, the weight loss rate of silkworm eggs is 20%~25% for the old seed and 15%~20% for the acid-soaked seed. 8 Silkworm seed protection
8.1 Protection facilities
The silkworm seed protection room should have conditions such as temperature and humidity control, ventilation and prevention of pests and rodents. 8.2 Protection method
8.2.1 Hanging protection
After removing the dirt on the egg surface, hang it in the silkworm seed protection room. The egg-scattering cloth and silkworm paper are perpendicular to the window surface, and the bottom layer and the edge are 70cm~100cm away from the ground and the wall. The silkworm paper can be inserted into the wire rack for protection. The distance between the egg surfaces is 3cm~5cm for the egg-scattering cloth and 1cm for the silkworm paper. 8.2.2 Washing and protection
This technology is suitable for silkworm varieties with stable chemical properties and not prone to non-existent eggs. After 15d~20d after the silkworm eggs are laid, wash the silkworm eggs from the egg-laying materials with clean water at room temperature, soak them in the supernatant of bleaching powder solution containing 0.2% effective oxygen for 5min, remove the medicine, rinse and dry them, spread them flat on the silkworm plaque at 1.5kg/m2~2.0kg/m2, and place them in the silkworm seed protection room. wwW.bzxz.Net
8.3 Protection technology
8.3.1 Spring-made annual seeds
See Table 4.
Table 4 Protection technology for spring-produced perennial seeds
Protection period
Within 1 week after laying
Summer (early June to early September)
Autumn (mid-September to early November)
Early winter (mid-November)
Winter (late November to early December)
Before seed storage
Temperature (℃)
Relative humidity (%)
Technical treatment
Avoid contact with excessively high or low temperatures above 26°C or below 21°C: For varieties that are prone to produce eggs that do not perish , after spawning, protect at 17C~20C for 5d-7d
Avoid contact with high temperature above 29C, pay attention to ventilation, and add frost prevention measures
The temperature should be gradually reduced. If the room temperature is lower than 18C, adjust it to 18C: including polymorphic pedigree varieties, protect at no less than 20C. Until the stage before seed bath, the protection temperature should be higher, and pay attention to moisturizing. In December, prevent temperature drastic changes, avoid contact with temperatures above 13℃, avoid contact with temperatures above and below 0
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8.3.2 Autumn system for annual planting
See Table 5.
Protection time
Within 5 days after laying
To road seed
After seed bathing, to human storage
After laying eggs, until the egg color appears
15d-20d
To seed bathing
After seed bathing, to human storage
9 Silkworm seed bathing and disinfection
9.1 Preparation before disinfection
Table 5 Protection technology for autumn-processed overyear seed
Temperature (℃)
Reduce 1°C every 2 days or 0.5°C every day until the natural temperature. Reduce 1°C every 2 days or 0.5°C every day until the natural temperature. Relative humidity. Technical treatment. For varieties that are prone to produce eggs that do not survive, protect them at 17-20°C for 5-7 days after laying eggs to prevent the environment from drying out, replenish moisture in time, and pay attention to ventilation in the protection room. Varieties with equal pedigrees should be protected at no less than 20°C until the seeds are dissolved. Avoid contact with temperatures above 7°C. Varieties with polyvalent pedigrees should be protected for 30 days in the protection room with attention to ventilation. Varieties with polymorphic pedigrees should be protected at no less than 20℃ until the seeds are bathed.
Avoid contact with temperatures above 7C.
Before the silkworm seeds are bathed, all bathing rooms and utensils should be cleaned and disinfected: the drying room and silkworm seed protection room should be equipped with cooling and antifreeze facilities, and instruments and medicines should be prepared.
Eliminate silkworm seeds that fail to meet the inspection and quarantine requirements for microparticle disease, and remove silkworm eggs that do not meet the inherent characteristics of the variety. Arrange the order of seed bathing according to the speed of the variety's release from diapause, and formulate a seed bathing plan. In principle, spring seed production should be carried out first, followed by autumn seed production, first reciprocal varieties (Japanese lineage as the female parent) and then orthogonal varieties (Chinese lineage as the female parent), and varieties with polymorphic pedigrees should be carried out last. According to the plan, check the variety, batch (stage), quantity, and mark them well.
9.2 Suitable period for seed bathing
The suitable period is when the silkworm eggs begin to release diapause but have not yet completely released latent breeding, which is generally carried out from mid-to-late November to December. 9.3 Bath disinfection of scattered eggs
9.3.1 Soaking, threshing, rinsing
Soak silkworm eggs in clean water for 40min~60min until the eggs are easy to fall off, scrape off the eggs, rinse with clean water, and de-sizing. 9.3.2 Disinfection and drug removal
After de-sizing and rinsing, soak the silkworm eggs in the supernatant of bleaching powder liquid containing an effective chlorine concentration of 0.30%~0.33% for 9min, filter 1min, rinse with clean water step by step to remove the drug for 40min~60min until the bleaching powder smell is completely removed. 4kg of bleaching powder liquid is required for each dry gram of wet eggs, and the disinfectant cannot be reused.
9.3.3 Salt ratio, desalination
After desalting, silkworm eggs are selected in a saline solution. The density of the saline solution should vary depending on the species and seed production period. The light ratio is about 1.075, the heavy ratio is about 1.090, and the difference between the light and heavy ratios should not exceed 0.010. After eliminating the floating eggs in the light ratio and the sinking eggs in the heavy ratio, use clean water for desalination.
9.3.4 Dehydration and drying
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After desalting, silkworm eggs are dehydrated, blown and dried, and placed in a seed drying room for protection. The protective temperature is 5°C, and avoid temperatures below 3°C and above 7°C. 9.4 Disinfection of egg surfaces attached to the seeds
Before the silkworm eggs are put into storage, they should be soaked in 2%~3% formaldehyde solution for 40 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water until the smell of the medicine is gone. The temperature of the disinfection and rinsing solution should be 21℃, and they should be dried, packed and stored in time. 10 Refrigeration and acid dipping
If necessary, the use time of silkworm eggs can be adjusted by using technical means such as compound refrigeration of older silkworm eggs, single refrigeration, intermediate correction refrigeration, immediate acid dipping, refrigerated acid dipping, refrigeration of dormant eggs, and refrigeration before acid dipping and refrigeration after acid dipping. 10.1 Refrigeration of older silkworm eggs
One of the following methods can be used for the refrigeration of older silkworm eggs. 10.1.1 Compound refrigeration
After the older silkworm eggs are disinfected by bathing, they are sent to the cold storage for protection at a temperature of 4℃~5℃; by the beginning of January of the following year, the temperature in the storage is reduced to 2.Refrigerate at 5℃～07. Silkworms for summer use should be refrigerated until April (refrigerated for 100 years). Silkworms for early autumn or early mid-autumn use should be released from the warehouse at the latest in late April or early May. They should be gradually warmed at 10℃～14℃. When the embryos reach C2 and are close to C2, they should be refrigerated for the second time at 2℃～3℃. The cold cutting time should not exceed 60 days.
10.1.2 Single-type refrigeration
After bathing and disinfection, the old silkworms should be placed at 5℃~10℃ for protection. When most embryos develop to C2~C, they should be refrigerated at 2.5℃ until they are released from the warehouse. The effective period of refrigeration is within 90 days.
10.1.3 Intermediate correction cold storage
After the old silkworm eggs are disinfected and arranged, they are sent to the cold storage for protection at a temperature of 4℃~5℃: they are refrigerated at a temperature of 2℃~3℃ until the end of January, and after about 40 days, the silkworm eggs are taken out of the warehouse and gradually temperature-sensed at a temperature of 7℃~13℃ (not exceeding 15℃). When the embryo develops to C, or close to C2, they are refrigerated for the second time at a temperature of 2℃~3℃. The second cold storage time should not exceed 60 days. 10.2 Refrigeration and acid soaking of cold-storage pickled seeds
10.2.1 Refrigeration before acid soaking
The appropriate time for storage is determined according to the scheduled seed use period, the number of cold storage days, the accumulated temperature after egg laying, the silkworm species, the egg color and the degree of embryo development. For silkworm species with slow egg laying speed and large egg age difference, the storage time should be appropriately postponed. Before the silkworm eggs are put into the warehouse, they should be kept at the intermediate temperature of 10℃～13℃ in the outer warehouse for 4h～6h, and then put into the inner warehouse for cold storage. The suitable period for putting them into the warehouse is shown in Table 6. Table 6 Cold storage pickling method before pickling Use species period
Refrigeration days (d)
10.2.2 Pickling
10.2.2.1 Suitable period for acid soaking
When putting them into the warehouse Egg color
Light red bean color
Red bean color, a few are darker
Close to the color in the picture
After laying under 24C protection
Elapsed time (h)
Accumulated temperature (℃)
560~630
704~760
787-844
Refrigerated storage temperature ()
5 in the early stage, 2.5 after 40 days
5 in the early stage, 2.5 after 40 days
Silkworm eggs are shipped out of the warehouse at the scheduled time, first protected at an intermediate temperature of 10℃～13℃ for 2 hours, and then at a natural temperature for 2h～3h. After the silkworm eggs are fully cooled, it is the appropriate time for acid soaking.
10.2.2.2 Acid soaking standards
See Table 7.
NY/T1093—2006
Chinese varieties
Japanese varieties
10.2.2.3 Pickling operation
a) Planting
Table 7 Pickling standard for cold-stored acid-soured varieties
Specific gravity of hydrochloric acid
1.092-1.094
1.092~1.094
The dipping time should be adjusted according to the characteristics of the variety
The silkworm seeds should be planted and caged according to the farm name, variety, batch (section). b) Pickling
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature ()
Each batch of newly purchased hydrochloric acid should be tested for silkworm hatching, and can only be used after passing the test. Dipping time (min)
Before pickling, adjust the liquid temperature to the standard temperature and measure the specific gravity of the adjusted hydrochloric acid. Flat-attached varieties should be immersed in 2% to 3% formaldehyde solution for 5 to 6 minutes, and then acid-immersed after draining the liquid; or add 2% of the total formaldehyde stock solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to prevent the silkworm eggs from falling off. The liquid temperature before dipping should be 0.3C to 0.5℃ higher than the standard temperature. During acid dipping, the acid solution should be in contact with the egg surface quickly and evenly. Measure the liquid temperature once every 1min to 2min, and adjust the acid dipping time appropriately according to the change of liquid temperature. For every 0.5C increase or decrease in liquid temperature, the acid dipping time will be shortened or extended by 10s accordingly, but the deviation from the standard temperature shall not exceed 1.0℃. e) Deacidification
After the acid dipping time is reached, quickly take out the acid dipping cage, filter and drain for 30s to 40s, then use clean water to deacidify step by step, send to the threshing trough, gently wipe off the silkworm eggs that have not fallen off on the paper, and remove the silkworm paper. Deacidify the scattered egg varieties for 20min, and the flat-attached varieties for 30min to 40min, until the sour taste is completely removed. After dehydration and drying, place in 24℃~25℃ for protection. d) Salt ratio, desalination, dehydration, drying
The loose eggs are refrigerated and acid-soaked. After the unfertilized eggs and other bad eggs are dried, use clean water to properly remove the floating bad eggs, drain the water, and carry out salt ratio.
The salt ratio and desalination methods are the same as 8.3.3. After the silkworm eggs are desalted, they are dehydrated, blown and dried, sorted and packed in boxes, and then shipped out for distribution or cold cutting. 10.2.3 Refrigeration after acid soaking
After acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for about 18h~24h. When the silkworm eggs reach embryonic stage C, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~12h and then refrigerated at 2.5℃. The refrigeration period should not exceed 30 days; or after acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for 36h~48h. When the silkworm eggs reach embryonic stage D1~D2, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~6h and then refrigerated at 5℃. The refrigeration period is 7 days. The silkworm eggs should be kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 3h~6h when leaving the warehouse. 10.3 Pickling and refrigeration of instant pickling seeds
10.3.1 Suitable period for pickling
After laying eggs, silkworm eggs are protected at 24℃～25℃ for 20h～30h, with the accumulated temperature at about 300℃. Generally, at 1~2pm on the second day of laying eggs, most of the eggs are light yellow, and a few are yellow, which is the suitable period for pickling. 10.3.2 Pickling standards
See Table 8.
Table 8 Acidification standards for instant pickling
Chinese varieties
Japanese varieties
10.3.3 Pickling operation
Specific gravity of hydrochloric acid
1.072~1.075
1.072~1.075
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature (℃)
The operation method is the same as 10.2.2.3, but no comparison is made. After deacidification, it is directly dehydrated and dried. 10
No staining time (min)094
Immersion time should be adjusted according to the characteristics of the species
Silkworm seeds should be planted and caged according to the farm name, species, batch (section). b) Acid immersion
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature ()
Each batch of newly purchased hydrochloric acid should be tested for silkworm hatching, and can only be used after passing the test. Immersion time (min)
Before acid immersion, adjust the liquid temperature to the standard temperature and measure the specific gravity of the adjusted hydrochloric acid. Flat-attached seeds should be immersed in 2% to 3% formaldehyde solution for 5min~6min, drain the liquid and then immerse in acid; or add 2% of the total amount of formaldehyde stock solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to prevent the silkworm eggs from falling off. The liquid temperature before immersion should be 0.3C~0.5℃ higher than the standard temperature. When acid immersing, make the acid contact the egg surface quickly and evenly. Measure the liquid temperature once every 1min~2min, and adjust the acid immersion time appropriately according to the changes in the liquid temperature. For every 0.5°C increase or decrease in liquid temperature, the acid soaking time is shortened or extended by 10s, but the deviation from the standard temperature shall not exceed 1.0°C. e) Deacidification
After the acid soaking time is reached, quickly take out the acid soaking cage, filter for 30s~40s, then use clean water to deacidify step by step, send to the threshing trough, gently wipe off the silkworm eggs that have not fallen off the paper, and remove the silkworm paper. Deacidify the loose egg species for 20min, and the flat attached species for 30min40min until the sour taste is completely removed. After dehydration and drying, place it in 24℃~25℃ for protection. d) Salt ratio, desalination, dehydration, drying
The loose egg refrigerated acid soaked species should be dried the next day, and the floating bad eggs should be properly rinsed with clean water, the water should be drained, and the salt ratio should be carried out.
The salt ratio and desalination method are the same as 8.3.3. After desalting, the silkworm eggs are dehydrated, blown and dried, sorted and packed before being shipped out for distribution or cold storage. 10.2.3 Cold storage after acid soaking
After acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for about 18h~24h. When the silkworm eggs reach C embryo, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~12h and then refrigerated at 2.5℃. The refrigeration period should not exceed 30d; or after acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for 36h~48h. When the silkworm eggs reach D1~D2 embryo, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~6h and then refrigerated at 5℃. The refrigeration period is 7d. The silkworm eggs should be kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 3h~6h when shipped out. 10.3 Pickling and refrigeration of instant pickling seeds
10.3.1 Suitable period for pickling
After laying eggs, silkworm eggs are protected at 24℃～25℃ for 20h～30h, with the accumulated temperature at about 300℃. Generally, at 1~2pm on the second day of laying eggs, most of the eggs are light yellow, and a few are yellow, which is the suitable period for pickling. 10.3.2 Pickling standards
See Table 8.
Table 8 Acidification standards for instant pickling
Chinese varieties
Japanese varieties
10.3.3 Pickling operation
Specific gravity of hydrochloric acid
1.072~1.075
1.072~1.075
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature (℃)
The operation method is the same as 10.2.2.3, but no comparison is made. After deacidification, it is directly dehydrated and dried. 10
No staining time (min)094
Immersion time should be adjusted according to the characteristics of the species
Silkworm seeds should be planted and caged according to the farm name, species, batch (section). b) Acid immersion
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature ()
Each batch of newly purchased hydrochloric acid should be tested for silkworm hatching, and can only be used after passing the test. Immersion time (min)
Before acid immersion, adjust the liquid temperature to the standard temperature and measure the specific gravity of the adjusted hydrochloric acid. Flat-attached seeds should be immersed in 2% to 3% formaldehyde solution for 5min~6min, drain the liquid and then immerse in acid; or add 2% of the total amount of formaldehyde stock solution to the hydrochloric acid solution to prevent the silkworm eggs from falling off. The liquid temperature before immersion should be 0.3C~0.5℃ higher than the standard temperature. When acid immersing, make the acid contact the egg surface quickly and evenly. Measure the liquid temperature once every 1min~2min, and adjust the acid immersion time appropriately according to the changes in the liquid temperature. For every 0.5°C increase or decrease in liquid temperature, the acid soaking time is shortened or extended by 10s, but the deviation from the standard temperature shall not exceed 1.0°C. e) Deacidification
After the acid soaking time is reached, quickly take out the acid soaking cage, filter for 30s~40s, then use clean water to deacidify step by step, send to the threshing trough, gently wipe off the silkworm eggs that have not fallen off the paper, and remove the silkworm paper. Deacidify the loose egg species for 20min, and the flat attached species for 30min40min until the sour taste is completely removed. After dehydration and drying, place it in 24℃~25℃ for protection. d) Salt ratio, desalination, dehydration, drying
The loose egg refrigerated acid soaked species should be dried the next day, and the floating bad eggs should be properly rinsed with clean water, the water should be drained, and the salt ratio should be carried out.
The salt ratio and desalination method are the same as 8.3.3. After desalting, the silkworm eggs are dehydrated, blown and dried, sorted and packed before being shipped out for distribution or cold storage. 10.2.3 Cold storage after acid soaking
After acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for about 18h~24h. When the silkworm eggs reach C embryo, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~12h and then refrigerated at 2.5℃. The refrigeration period should not exceed 30d; or after acid soaking, the silkworm eggs are kept at 24℃~25℃ for 36h~48h. When the silkworm eggs reach D1~D2 embryo, they are kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 4h~6h and then refrigerated at 5℃. The refrigeration period is 7d. The silkworm eggs should be kept at an intermediate temperature of 10℃~13℃ for 3h~6h when shipped out. 10.3 Pickling and refrigeration of instant pickling seeds
10.3.1 Suitable period for pickling
After laying eggs, silkworm eggs are protected at 24℃～25℃ for 20h～30h, with the accumulated temperature at about 300℃. Generally, at 1~2pm on the second day of laying eggs, most of the eggs are light yellow, and a few are yellow, which is the suitable period for pickling. 10.3.2 Pickling standards
See Table 8.
Table 8 Acidification standards for instant pickling
Chinese varieties
Japanese varieties
10.3.3 Pickling operation
Specific gravity of hydrochloric acid
1.072~1.075
1.072~1.075
Hydrochloric acid liquid temperature (℃)
The operation method is the same as 10.2.2.3, but no comparison is made. After deacidification, it is directly dehydrated and dried. 10
No staining time (min)
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