GB 17868-1999 Technical requirements for fire safety in pressurized cabins
Some standard content:
GB178681999
This standard is based on Chapter 19 of the American National Standard "Health Care Facilities" (ANSI/NFPA99, 1996 Edition) developed by the American Fire Protection Association, and is compiled in combination with the specific conditions of my country. At the same time, it is supplemented appropriately with reference to relevant standards of my country. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Salvage and Underwater Engineering of the Ministry of Communications. Drafting units of this standard: Ministry of Communications, Marine Underwater Engineering Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Petroleum. Main drafters of this standard: Zhuang Qinhong, Xue Liqun, Tang Xiwei, Zhang Yanmeng. 367
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Technical requirements of fire safety in compression chambers
Technical requirements of fire safety in compression chambers
GB 17868—1999
This standard specifies the technical requirements for newly built compression chambers and their auxiliary systems and equipment to meet fire safety. This standard applies to manned pressurized cabins with a working pressure of no more than 1.0 MPa for diving operations, medical treatment and scientific experiments, and animal cabins that allow personnel to enter to complete auxiliary work, as well as their corresponding auxiliary systems and equipment. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB3836.4—1983 Explosion-proof electrical equipment for explosive atmospheres Intrinsically safe circuits and electrical equipment "i" GB9706.1-—1995 Medical electrical equipment Part 1: General safety requirements GB12130--1995 Medical hyperbaric oxygen chambers
GB15442.1—1995 Fire performance classification and test methods for decorative fire retardant coatings Fire performance classification GBJ 16--1987
GBJ 84--1985
GBJ 116-1988
Code for fire protection design of buildings
Design specification for automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system
Design specification for automatic fire alarm system
GBJ 140—1990
Design Specification for Fire Extinguisher Configuration in Buildings
CCS Specification for Classification and Construction of Diving Systems and Submersibles (1996) 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Hyperbar
Air pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
3.2 Compression chamber Pressure vessel loaded with high pressure. 3.3 Compression facilities The general term for all equipment and systems that ensure the normal use of the compression chamber. 3.4 Hyperbaric operation The process of operating in an environment with pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. 3.5 Sound-powered telephone Sound-powered telephone A telephone that uses sound energy to achieve communication functions. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on September 17, 1999 368
Implemented on August 1, 2000
4 Classification
4.1 Single-person pressurized cabin
GB 17868--1999
A manned pressurized cabin with a working pressure of 0-1.0MPa and less than 2 persons (including 2 persons) in the cabin, which can be used for diving operations, medical treatment and scientific experiments, and an animal cabin for which personnel are allowed to enter to complete auxiliary work. 4.2 Multi-person pressurized cabin
A manned pressurized cabin with a working pressure of 0-1.0MPa and more than 2 persons in the cabin, which can be used for diving operations, medical treatment and scientific experiments.
5 Requirements for the installation of pressurized cabin facilities
5.1 Buildings equipped with pressurized cabin facilities shall comply with the provisions of the second-level fire resistance level in Chapter 2 of GBJ16-1987. 5.2 If the building where the pressurized cabin facilities are located has doors that communicate with adjacent buildings or rooms, these doors should comply with the provisions of Class A fire doors in Appendix A of GBJ16-1987, and the doors should open outwards. 5.3 Buildings with pressurized cabin facilities should be equipped with fire extinguishers in accordance with the provisions of "Medium-hazard industrial buildings, Class A fires" in GBJ140, or equipped with automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems in accordance with the provisions of GBJ84. The sprinkler heads of the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system should use fusible sprinkler heads with model approval. The temperature setting value of fusible materials should be 30°C higher than the maximum ambient temperature. 5.4 When designing the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system in the pressurized cabin room, not only the fire extinguishing capacity of the system for the building should be considered, but also the fire protection for the operators during the pressurized cabin operation and the personnel stranded in the cabin due to the failure to release the pressure in time. 5.5 The pressurized cabin should not be located in a high-rise building or underground building. 6 Fire safety requirements for pressurized cabins
6.1 Cabin decoration
6.1.1 The cabin should be as undecorated as possible. If decoration is required, non-combustible materials, flame-retardant materials or surface-type fire-retardant coatings with a fire-retardant performance of Class I according to GB15442.1 should be used for surface treatment. 6.1.2 If the cabin is decorated with the materials described in 6.1.1, high-pressure operations should not be started until 72 hours after the decoration is completed to ensure that the volatile gas of the decorative materials has enough time to dissipate. 6.1.3 Sound insulation materials installed in the cabin should be non-combustible materials or flame-retardant materials. 6.1.4 Fabrics used in the cabin should be surface-treated with flame-retardant materials with a fire-retardant performance of Class I according to GB15442.1. 6.1.5 The cabin floor should be made of anti-static flooring made of non-combustible materials or flame-retardant materials, and should comply with the provisions of 39.9 of GB9706.1-1995.
6.1.6 When the floor of the cabin is a movable cover, the structure should ensure that the movement of the cover will not cause harm to the cabin personnel, and ensure that the grounding performance of the cover is good. The cover should be made of materials that will not produce sparks when it collides with the cabin body and other surrounding materials. 6.1.7 The furniture used in the cabin should be made of flame-retardant materials and should be pulled and fastened. If the furniture is made of conductive materials, it should be reliably grounded.
6.1.8 The electrical and bioelectric penetration holes on the cabin body should be equipped with waterproof structures to ensure that water does not enter after the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system is activated. 6.2 Cabin ventilation
6.2.1 The operating cabin must have ventilation capacity. 6.2.2 If the operating cabin is not equipped with a mask exhaust system that can discharge the exhaled gas of the cabin personnel to the outside of the cabin, the minimum ventilation volume should be 0.085 m2/min per person. bzxZ.net
6.2.3 If inhalation anesthetics (such as nitrous oxide, etc.) are used in the cabin, a closed anesthesia system with exhaled gas removal and discharge to the outside of the cabin should be equipped.
6.2.4 It is prohibited to use flammable anesthetics (such as cyclopropane, ether, ethylene, ethyl chloride, etc.) and volatile disinfectants in the cabin. 6.2.5 Ventilation should be carried out in both pressurized and non-pressurized states. 369
GB 17868—1999
6.2.6 Breathing equipment should be equipped in the cabin according to the number of people for use when the air in the cabin is contaminated. At least one spare breathing equipment should be added to each cabin. The air duct of the breathing equipment should be a flame-resistant air duct. When high-pressure operations are carried out in the cabin, the breathing equipment should be in an immediately usable state. The breathing gas should be isolated from the gas in the cabin. The supply of breathing gas should meet the simultaneous use of all breathing equipment in the cabin. The breathing equipment should be usable within the full pressure range of the cabin.
6.2.7 A backup source of breathing air should be provided outside the pressurized cabin for use when the air near the cabin is contaminated by combustion or other reasons. 6.2.8 The air source inside the cabin should prevent the inhalation of toxic or flammable gases. The air inlet of the air compressor should not be located near the exhaust outlet of vehicles, internal combustion engines and stationary prime movers or the ventilation outlet of buildings. 6.2.9 The exhaust outlet of the pressurized cabin should be located outside the building. The exhaust outlet should avoid causing harm to the surrounding environment or causing the discharged gas to re-enter the building. The exhaust outlet should be protected by a fence with a radius of not less than 0.6m. If the exhaust outlet is higher than the building, no fence protection is required. 6.3 Electrical system
6.3.1 General requirements
6.3.1.1 All auxiliary equipment, switch boxes, control panels or consoles of the pressurized cabin should be installed outside the cabin in an area adjacent to the cabin body. 6.3.1.2 If the oxygen pipeline and electrical equipment are installed in the same control console (cabinet, box), when the electrical equipment is powered on, the control console (cabinet, box) should be continuously ventilated, or the oxygen concentration in the control console (cabinet, box) should be continuously monitored. 6.3.1.3 Circuit breakers, fuses, motor controllers, time delay switches, transformers, rectifiers, lighting control panels or control consoles and other electrical equipment shall not be installed in the pressurized cabin.
6.3.1.4 The motor should be installed outside the cabin as much as possible. If it is necessary to install it in the cabin, it should comply with the provisions of 6.3.4.10. 6.3.1.5 All electrical equipment connected to or used by personnel in the cabin shall comply with the provisions of 6.3.4. 6.3.1.6 When the water sprinkler system is activated, the electrical equipment shall be protected to the maximum extent possible. Non-emergency electrical appliances shall not be put back into use before the cabin is depressurized to a safe state.
6.3.2 Lighting
6.3.2.1 The lighting source of the pressurized cabin shall be located outside the cabin and provide lighting to the cabin through holes in the cabin body or through penetrations equipped with optical fibers and other similar methods.
6.3.2.2 If the external lighting is close to the observation window and the observation window material is polyacrylate, the external lighting shall ensure that the temperature of the observation window does not exceed 66°C.
6.3.2.3 The cushioning material of the observation window shall allow deformation caused by thermal expansion and shall be suitable for the temperature, pressure and mixed gas in the cabin. The sealing ring shall be located in the groove or the sleeve to avoid being squeezed out by the sleeve or the pressure ring. 6.3.2.4 If a portable lighting fixture must be brought into the cabin, it should be placed in an independent, ventilated, shatterproof device and should comply with the provisions of 6.3.4.10.
6.3.2.5 A pressurized cabin should be equipped with an emergency lighting system that can be automatically activated. 6.3.3 Power supply
6.3.3.1 The power supply of the pressurized cabin facilities should be supplied by two independent power supply systems. 6.3.3.2 In addition to being powered by the conventional power supply system, the electrical equipment that supports life in the pressurized cabin facilities should also be connected to the emergency power supply. When the conventional power supply system fails and stops supplying power, the emergency power supply should be able to supply power automatically. These equipment should include: - In-cabin power sockets;
Built-in or external in-cabin emergency lighting; - In-cabin communications:
- Alarm system;
- Equipment and control parts of the in-cabin fire extinguishing system; - Other control systems for in-cabin pressurization and ventilation; Emergency lighting to ensure indoor lighting in case of power failure. 6.3.3.3 Equipment installed outside the cabin and used for cabin environment control can use the emergency power supply as a backup power supply. An automatic delay device or manual connection device should be installed between the regulated power supply system of these equipment and the emergency power supply to avoid excessive current fluctuations when the system starts. 370
GB 17868-1999
6.3.3.4 The electrical control and alarm system should not produce false operations that threaten operational safety (such as cabin pressure control interruption, fire pump startup, false alarm, etc.) during the recovery process after the regular power supply is interrupted or interrupted. 6.3.4 Cabin wiring and equipment
6.3.4.1 Equipment that may explode or burst in a pressure environment shall not be used in the cabin. 6.3.4.2 Except for conductors in integrated circuits of electrical equipment permitted for use in the cabin, all current-carrying conductors installed in the cabin shall be insulated by flame-retardant materials.
6.3.4.3 Grounding conductors do not need to be insulated.
6.3.4.4 Cables shall be laid in metal protective tubes. The switch boxes, junction boxes and power sockets in the cabin shall all be explosion-proof and connected to the metal wire protection tubes.
6.3.4.5 Wiring that connects the cabin wires and equipment and runs through the inside and outside of the cabin shall be pressure welded. 6.3.4.6 Metal wire tubes and equipment junction boxes installed in the cabin shall be sealed and equipped with discharge pipes. The sealing material shall be flame-retardant.
6.3.4.7 Armored cables shall be used for the flexible cables used to connect portable equipment to fixed power sockets in the cabin. A locking device should be provided between the flexible cable and the socket to prevent the cable plug from being pulled out of the socket due to the tension of the cable. 6.3.4.8 The socket and plug should be explosion-proof and provide reliable grounding performance for the connected flexible cable and corresponding equipment. The socket and plug should have a locking device to ensure that the plug cannot be inserted or unplugged when power is on. 6.3.4.9 The motor should be fully enclosed, and the enclosed space should be filled with inert gas not less than the cabin pressure. The working surface temperature is less than 120°C. 6.3.4.10 The electrical control device of the cabin air conditioner should be placed outside the cabin. 6.3.4.11 Portable (including battery-powered) electrical or electronic equipment used in the cabin, or detectors, communication equipment, signal devices, alarms or remote control equipment permanently installed in the cabin shall comply with one of the following clauses: 3.1 of GB3836.41983;
—Chapter 40 of GB9706.11995; fully sealed, filled with inert gas, and automatically cut off the power supply when the temperature exceeds 120℃ or the internal pressure drops by more than 10% of the initial pressure;
—For communication equipment such as speakers and headphones, the power supply voltage shall not exceed 24V and the power shall not exceed 0.25W. 6.3.5 Grounding and ground fault protection
6.3.5.1 The grounding resistance of the cabin shall not exceed 40. 6.3.5.2 The electrical equipment in the cabin shall be powered by a power supply system equipped with an isolation transformer. 6.3.5.3 The oxygen pipeline in the oxygen station shall be equipped with a grounding device that can conduct and remove static electricity, and the grounding resistance shall not exceed 10Q. 6.3.5.4 The insulation resistance of the automatic fire alarm system to the ground shall not be less than 20MQ. 6.3.6 Cabin wiring
When the water sprinkler system in the building where the pressurized cabin facilities are located is working, the electrical components that must continue to work to ensure the high pressure operation in the pressurized cabin should be waterproof. All electrical pipelines should be waterproof and should be equipped with sealed discharge ports. 6.4 Alarm and fire extinguishing
6.4.1 Low-toxic and high-efficiency fire extinguishing equipment used under high pressure conditions should be fixed in the single-person pressurized cabin. 6.4.2 In addition to the low-toxic and high-efficiency fire extinguishing equipment used under high pressure conditions, a water fire extinguishing system should also be installed in the multi-person pressurized cabin. 6.4.3 Water fire extinguishing system.
6.4.3.1 The water fire extinguishing system should consist of an independent water supply system installed outside the pressurized cabin and an automatic water sprinkler system and a divertable fire hydrant installed in the pressurized cabin that can be used independently. 6.4.3.2 The automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system shall comply with the provisions of GBJ84. For a pressurized cabin with multiple compartments, the system shall ensure that it can operate normally under different pressures in different compartments and ensure that it can be used in a single compartment or in multiple compartments at the same time. 6.4.3.3 A control valve that can control the start and end of the fire extinguishing system shall be installed near the control console and in the cabin. The control system shall be equipped with a misoperation protection function.
GB17868-1999
6.4.3.4 The control valve of the water fire extinguishing system shall be opened within 1s after the fire extinguishing system is started, and water shall be sprayed from the sprinkler within 3s after the fire extinguishing system is started.
6.4.3.5 The number and position of the sprinkler heads of the automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system shall ensure a reasonably uniform water volume in the vertical and horizontal directions. The average water spray intensity obtained at the floor plane in the cabin shall not be less than 81L/(min·m). 6.4.3.6 The water storage capacity of the automatic sprinkler system shall ensure that the sprinklers installed in all cabins in accordance with the provisions of 6.4.3.5 can work simultaneously for at least 1 minute. The maximum water spraying time shall be determined according to the cabin conditions and drainage capacity. 6.4.3.7 The storage pressure of the automatic sprinkler system shall be sufficient to ensure that the system can work for 15 seconds before the emergency power supply system is powered on. 6.4.3.8 The automatic sprinkler system and fire hose shall be subjected to functional tests at least once a year in accordance with the provisions of 6.4.3.5 and 6.4.3.6 respectively.
6.4.3.9 Each cabin shall be equipped with a fire hose system. At least 2 fire hose reels shall be installed in the operating cabin, and at least 1 fire hose reel shall be installed in other cabins.
6.4.3.10 Fire hoses shall be made of flame-retardant materials treated with antistatic treatment. 6.4.3.11 The minimum nominal diameter of the fire hose shall be 15 mm, and the rated working pressure shall be greater than the maximum water supply pressure of the fire water supply system.
6.4.3.12 Each fire hose should be equipped with a manual quick connector and an opening valve in the cabin. 6.4.3.13 A manual control valve for the fire hose should be installed at an appropriate position outside the cabin. 6.4.3.14 The water supply pressure of the fire hose system should be the maximum working pressure plus 0.35MPa; the maximum water supply is 18.8L/min for each of the two fire hoses in the cabin at the maximum cabin pressure. 6.4.3.15 When a fire hose or nozzle in the water fire extinguishing system fails, it should not affect the normal operation of other parts of the water fire extinguishing system. 6.4.3.16 When the fire hose or nozzle in the fire extinguishing system is working, the following reactions should be made: - the corresponding sound and light alarm of the control console;
- disconnect all ungrounded circuits connected to the power supply and lighting in the cabin. Intrinsically safe circuits and sound power telephones do not need to be disconnected; - start the emergency lighting system and emergency communication system. 6.4.4 An automatic fire alarm system should be installed in multi-person cabins. Whether it is used only for alarm or for automatically starting the fire extinguishing system, the system shall meet the following requirements in addition to complying with the provisions of GBJ116: flame detectors shall be installed, and the type and arrangement of the detectors shall ensure that they will operate within 1 second after the fire occurs; the number and installation position of the detectors shall ensure that each detector has an independent effect on the area it protects. The installation position of the detectors shall ensure that there is no "blind spot"; the power supply of the automatic fire alarm system shall comply with 6.3.3.2. If the sprinkler system is automatically started by the fire alarm system, it shall comply with the provisions of 6.4.3.3 for manual start and stop of the sprinkler system and the provisions of 6.4.3.4 for the response time of the sprinkler system. The system shall have a self-checking function and shall issue an audible and visual alarm signal when a fault is detected. 6.4.5 A fire alarm device shall be installed on the control console of the pressurized cabin, which is dedicated to directly reporting to the local fire department and can also report to relevant personnel so that they can promptly start the emergency fire fighting and (or) first aid network of the unit where the pressurized cabin facilities are located. 6.4.6 Fire blankets, carbon dioxide and other non-low-toxic fire extinguishing equipment under high pressure conditions shall not be installed or brought into the cabin. 6.4.7 In addition to being supplied by the conventional power supply system, the power supply of the booster pump, control circuit and other electrical equipment used in the fire extinguishing system shall also be supplied by a dedicated branch of the emergency power supply system specified in 6.3.3.2 as a backup power supply. 6.5 Communication and Monitoring
6.5.1 The detectors, sensors and communication equipment installed in the cabin shall comply with the provisions of 6.3.4.10, and the wiring in the cabin shall comply with the provisions of 6.3.4. 6.5.2 The control equipment, power amplifier, output transformer and monitor of the communication and monitoring equipment shall be installed outside the cabin, or comply with the provisions of 6.3.4.1C.
6.5.3 The internal communication system shall connect all manned cabins, the main cabin and the cabin operating table. It is recommended to use a multi-channel communication system for the internal communication system, and install a voice telephone or a monitoring telephone. 372
GB17868-1999
6.5.4 When the cabin operator cannot directly monitor the cabin situation at the normal operating position, a monitoring system that displays the cabin situation shall be installed.
6.5.5 The telephone in the oxygen mask shall be an intrinsically safe microphone with maximum cabin pressure and oxygen concentration of (95±5)%. 6.5.6 The pressurized cabin shall be equipped with at least one multi-channel oxygen meter that can continuously monitor the oxygen concentration in the cabin. The oxygen meter shall be equipped with a recording device. When the oxygen concentration in the cabin is higher than a certain set value, the recording device shall be able to automatically record the oxygen concentration in the cabin at intervals. The oxygen meter shall have a self-checking function. 6.5.7 The oxygen concentration probe shall be maintained and replaced in strict accordance with the requirements of its manual. 6.5.8 When the oxygen concentration of the breathing gas of the cabin personnel is greater than 21%, the oxygen concentration in the cabin shall be continuously monitored. 6.5.9 The oxygen concentration value in the cabin shall not exceed 25%. When other high-pressure operations are carried out in the cabin, an audible and visual alarm shall be issued when the oxygen concentration value in the cabin exceeds 25%, and measures shall be taken to reduce the oxygen concentration in the cabin. 6.5.10 When the pressurized cabin facilities use oil-containing air compressors, the hydrocarbons in the air after the oil-water separator shall be regularly monitored. As a minimum requirement, the air in the cabin shall comply with the provisions of 5.3.1 of GB12130-1995. 6.5.11 If an automatic fire monitoring system is installed, it shall comply with the provisions of 6.4.4. 6.5.12 Electronic monitoring equipment installed in the cabin shall comply with the provisions of 6.3. 7 Pressurized cabin system for diving operations
The pressurized cabin system for diving operations installed on the ship shall comply with the above provisions and the corresponding fire safety requirements in the "Rules for Classification and Construction of Diving Systems and Submersibles". 373
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