GB 6962-1986 150:00, 1:1000, 1=2000 scale topographic map aerial photography specifications
Some standard content:
1General principles
National standards of the People's Republic of China
1:5001:10001:2000 scale
Aerlal photographic specification for topographic maps
Aerlal photographic specification for1:5001:10001:2.000 scaleTopographicmapsUDC528.7(203)
:528.93
GB6962-86
1.1 This specification is for the purpose of measuring and producing 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 scale topographic maps. Engineering surveying and mapping of various departments of national economic construction and national defense construction are the main service objects. The existing technical conditions and instruments and equipment of the aerial photography execution units and most surveying and mapping units are the technical basis for formulating this specification; the specific requirements for aerial photography data put forward by the corresponding scale surveying specifications are the basic basis for formulating this specification. , giving due consideration to the constraints of natural conditions in aerial photography. 1.2 This specification is an integral part of the technical standards for surveying and mapping. The quality of aerial photography data should meet the requirements of this specification. 1.3 This specification is the basic guideline for the organization and implementation of aerial photography work by all relevant aerial photography units across the country, and is the main basis for testing the quality of aerial photography data.
2 Basic requirements for aerial photography
2.1 Aerial photography
2.1.1 Basic performance requirements for aerial photography
2.1.1.1 Image size: 18cm×18cm
Focal length (k): wide angle f=115.0±3mm1Q0.0±3mm*
constant angle fk=210.0±5mm
200.0±3mm*
2.1 .1.2 Image width: 23cm×23cm
Focal length (f,): Extra wide angle fk=87.5±3.5mm Wide angle fk=152.0±3mm
Medium angle f=210.0±5mm||tt ||Constant angle fz=305±3mm
2.1.1.3 The resolving power of the central part of the objective lens, the image width of 18cm×18cm should be higher than 40 line pairs/mm, and the image width of 23cm×23cm should be higher than 50 line pairs/mm. mm. The resolving power of the objective lens located at the edge of the effective use area of ??the image shall not be less than 20 line pairs/mm. 2.1.1.4 The radial distortion of the objective lens should be less than or equal to 0.015mm in most parts of the effective use area of ??the image, and the local maximum should not be greater than 0.02mm. The maximum distortion difference between a special wide-angle objective lens with a focal length of 87.5±3.5mm and a wide-angle objective lens with a focal length of 115.0±3mm should not be greater than 0.03mm.
2.1.1.5 A complete range of filters of various colors used in aerial photography. *When selecting f, =100.0mm, F. =200.0mm navigation dial, generally should meet the requirements of paragraph 2.1.1. If the user agrees to use the AΦA-41 aerial camera, the above requirements are not required.
National Bureau of Standards released on October 18, 1986
Implemented on 1987~06-01
GB6962—86
2.1.2 Calibration of aerial photography||tt| |2.1.2.1 Based on the stable condition of each aerial camera, it shall be calibrated every 1 to 2 years. Calibration data is provided according to user needs. 2.1.2.2 Items that must be calibrated and accuracy requirements for calibration data: calibration focal length (fk). Accuracy: ±0.01mm. a.
Verify the coordinate values ??(X, Y) of the optical frame mark and the distance (Z) between the optical frame mark and the mechanical frame mark. Accuracy: ±0.01mm. b.
Calculate the coordinate value (Xo, Y.) of the best symmetry principal point (S) in the image frame coordinate system. Accuracy: ±0.01mm. c.
Measure the radial distortion difference of the objective lens for the best symmetry axis at intervals of 10 mm along the 1 to 8 radiation directions around the image frame. Measuring d.
Fixed accuracy: ±0.003mm (23cm image width) or ±0.005mm (18cm image width). Test the resolving power of the objective lens at different locations from the center of the objective lens to the edge of the field of view. Its value should meet the requirements of 2.1.1.3 of this specification. e.
Verify the flattening quality of each cassette of the aerial camera. The measurement accuracy of the verification data should be less than or equal to ±0.01mm. f.
Determine the nominal speed and effective speed of the shutter. g.
When performing various calibrations of the optical system, the objective lens should be calibrated with a filter commonly used in black and white photography. h.
2.1.2.3 All calibration data should be accurately recorded in the aerial photography record book. 2.1.2.4 Before official flight operations every year, each aerial photography instrument should be tested first. Through the analysis and processing of the test results data, it can be used for formal aerial photography only after it is confirmed to be in normal working condition. 2.1.2.5 During the use of the aerial camera, if a large vibration occurs or a major malfunction occurs due to accidental reasons, it should be recalibrated in a timely manner. If any changes in the position of the components of the optical system are found, use should be stopped without repair and verification. 2.1.2.6 Various aerial photography auxiliary instruments and meters should be checked frequently, calibrated in time, and maintained in normal working condition. 2.2 Photographic materials
2.2.1 Requirements for the basic performance of aerial photography films. The decomposition power of film emulsions shall not be less than 85 line pairs/mm. 2.2.1.14
The uneven deformation rate measured when the film leaves the factory should be less than or equal to 3/10000. 2.2.1.2
2.2.1.3 The film base thickness should not be less than 0.1mm (polyester) or 0.13mm ( triacetic acid). The edge of the piece should be flat, smooth, without burrs or cracks.
2.2.2 Determination of the photosensitive characteristics of the film
2.2.2.1 Mastering the photosensitive characteristics of the film is the necessary basis for correctly selecting the film, determining the exposure time and development conditions. For this reason, before the start of the annual aerial photography mission, the photosensitive characteristics of the film in stock should be measured based on the specific conditions of the film (the film shall be subject to the factory data during the storage period).
2.2.3 Selection of film
The contrast coefficient, sensitivity, Aerial photography films with suitable exposure latitude and color performance. 2.2.4 Selection of impression paper and other photographic reproduction materials The layers and density spacing of aerial photography films are the basis for the correct selection of impression paper and other photographic reproduction materials. For negatives with large density intervals, soft or neutral photographic reproduction materials should be selected; otherwise, hard reproduction photographic materials should be selected. The uneven hook deformation rate of reproduced photographic materials should not be greater than 1.5/10000.
2.3 Formulation of aerial photography plan
2.3.1 Procedures and requirements for formulating aerial photography plan Aerial photography tasks are proposed by the mapping unit and reported to the relevant units. After approval, the mapping unit and the aerial photography execution unit shall jointly discuss relevant specific matters, formulate an aerial photography plan, and sign an aerial photography contract. After the aerial photography plan is formulated, the aerial photography unit shall complete the flight application procedures with the competent department in accordance with national regulations and implement it after approval. 2.3.2 Main contents of the aerial photography contract
2.3.2.1 Aerial photography area and photography area. The scope of the photographic area should be indicated by a sketch with longitude, latitude and frame number. GB6962—86
2.3.2.2 Drawing method, drawing scale and photographic scale. 2.3.2.3 The type, focal length and image frame of the aerial photography instrument, as well as the required aerial photography accessory instruments. 2.3.2.4 Special technical requirements, name and quantity of the results provided. 2.3.2.5 Season and deadline for performing tasks. 2:3.3 Design work for aerial photography
2.3.3.1 Provisions on design maps:
When the aerial photography scale is greater than or equal to 1:4000, the 1:10.000 scale topographic map should generally be used. a.
When the aerial photography scale is less than 1:4000 and greater than 1:10000, the 1:25000 or 1:10000 scale topographic map should generally be used. b.
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When the aerial photography scale is less than or equal to 1:10000, the 1:50:000 or 1:25000 scale topographic map should generally be used. 2.3.3.2
The mapping unit shall select a matching aerial camera according to its technical equipment conditions and mapping accuracy requirements. 2.3.3.3
Generally, the aerial photography scale should be selected within the range specified in the table below. Picture scale 1: M map
1:500
1:1000
1:2000
Aerial photography scale 1: M image
1: 2000~1:3000
1:4000~1:6000
1:8000~1:12000
Under special circumstances, upon mutual agreement between the mapping unit and the aerial photography execution unit, the aerial photography scale in the above table may be appropriately changed according to the specific conditions of the photography area.
2.3.3.4 Principles for dividing aerial photography zones:
The boundaries of aerial photography zones should be consistent with the outline of the map. a.
b． The terrain height difference within the aerial photography area shall not exceed the following regulations: when the aerial photography scale is less than 1:8000, it shall not be greater than one-quarter of the relative altitude. When the aerial photography scale is greater than or equal to 18,000, it shall not be greater than one-sixth of the relative altitude. c. Where terrain conditions permit, the aerial photography area should be as large as possible. 2.3.3.5 The semi-average height plane of the aerial photography zone is calculated by adding one-half of the average height of the high points of the zone to the average height of the low points. That is: he= h average + h according to the average
2
2.3.3.6 Route direction and route laying method: The flight direction of the route is generally east to west, and in a few cases, it depends on the terrain trend and professional Specific requirements for surveying and mapping (such as lines, a.
rivers, coasts, borders, etc.) can also be south-north or any direction. b. According to the particularity of large-scale aerial survey map amplification operations, considering the best coverage of aerial photography and simple surveying and mapping operations, routes should generally be based on the center line of the map sheet or the common outline of two adjacent rows of map sheets. Line laying. c. Routes are laid according to special terrain conditions and specific requirements of professional surveying and mapping. 2.3.3.7 Selection of aerial photography season and time: When selecting aerial photography season, the most favorable weather conditions in the shooting area should be selected, and surface vegetation and other coverings (such as snow, floods, etc.) should be minimized. ) adverse effects on photography and mapping. b. When choosing the time for aerial photography, you must ensure sufficient illumination and avoid excessive shadows. It is generally determined by the solar altitude angle and shadow multiple of the photographic area.
Flat Earth: The sun altitude angle should be greater than 20\, and the shadow should not be greater than 3 times. Hilly land: The sun altitude angle should be greater than 30°, and the shadow should not be greater than 2 times. Mountainous areas: The sun altitude angle should be greater than 45°, and the shadow should not be greater than 1 times. GB 6962—86
In large and medium-sized cities with dense high-rise buildings, the solar altitude angle should be greater than 45°, and the shadow should not be greater than 1 times. In general, the solar altitude angle in urban areas should be greater than 30°, and the shadow should not be greater than 2 times. In Doushao Mountain areas with extremely large height differences, photography time should be limited to 1 hour before and after local noon. 2.3.4 Requirements for laying ground aerial photography signs 2.3.4.1 The photographic area where ground aerial photography signs must be laid according to the needs of mapping should be indicated when signing an aerial photography contract. 2.3.4.2 Ground markings must be laid before the aircraft enters the shooting area. 2.3.4.3 The shape of ground signs is generally as shown below. 90 |
2.3.4.5 The color of the sign should be selected based on the spectral characteristics of the terrain and features in the filming area to ensure that it has the best contrast with the surrounding ground. In order to enhance the interpretation effect of the signs on the image film, the signs should be appropriately lower than the ground or higher than the ground. 3 Requirements for flight quality and photography quality
3.1 Requirements for flight quality
3.1.1 Requirements for overlap of object slices
3.1.1.1 The course overlap of stereoscopic image pairs should generally be 60%~65%, the individual maximum shall not be greater than 75%, and the minimum shall not be less than 56%. When the course re-entry of individual object pairs is less than 56% but greater than 53%, and the course overlap of adjacent object pairs is greater than or equal to 58%, it can be ensured that the distance between the mapping orientation point and the surveying work margin is not less than 1.0cm from the edge of the image. (18cm×18cm image width) or 1.5cm (23cm×23cm image width), can be regarded as qualified.
3.1.1:2 The side overlap of adjacent routes should generally be 30% to 35%, and the minimum shall not be less than 13%. When laying the route according to the center line of the image frame or the public gallery line, at least ensure that the distance between the image outline line and the edge of the image is not less than 1.0cm (18cm×18cm image frame) or 1.5cm (23cmx23cm image frame).
3.1.2 The image tilt angle is generally not greater than 2°, and the individual maximum is not greater than 4°. 3.1.3 The rotation angle shall not exceed the following regulations 3.1.3.1 When the aerial photography scale is less than or equal to 1:8000 and the relative altitude is greater than 1200m, the rotation angle shall generally not be greater than 6 and the maximum shall not be greater than 8”.
3.1.3.2 When the aerial photography scale is less than 1:4000 and greater than 1:8000, the declination angle is generally not greater than 8, and the maximum is not greater than 10°. 3.1.3.3 When the aerial photography scale is greater than or equal to 1:4000, the declination angle is generally not greater than 10. °, the maximum is no more than 12°. 3.1.3.4 When the terrain conditions of the shooting area are extremely special and the flight is particularly difficult, with the approval of the surveying and mapping unit, the deflection angle of individual image pairs may be slightly greater than 12°, but it should not exceed the total. 4%. 3.1.3.5 The number of images reaching or approaching the maximum deflection angle in the aerial photography area shall not exceed three. 3.1.4 The curvature of the route shall not exceed 3%. 3.1.5 Regulations on altitude maintenance || tt | 5.3 The difference between the actual flight height and the design flight height in the photography zone shall not be greater than 50m. When the relative flight height is greater than 1000m, the difference between the actual flight height and the design flight height in the zone shall not be greater than 5% of the design flight height. 3.1.6 Regarding guarantee. Regulations on map outline, zone and photographic area boundary coverage 3.1.6.1 Map outline coverage: heading coverage should ensure one baseline beyond the map outline. During normal flight, the extent beyond the map outline is generally not less than 50% of the image width. It shall not be less than 30% of the image frame; when flying according to the center line of the image frame or the public image outline, the side coverage shall not be less than 12% of the image frame
3.1.6.2 Zone coverage: If the route directions between the zones are the same, the sideways will be connected normally; if the route directions between the zones are different, the routes will exceed the zone boundary by one baseline, and the sideways will generally exceed the zone boundary by not less than one baseline. 30%, at least not less than 15% of the image frame. When flying according to the center line of the image frame or the public map line, at least not less than 12% of the image frame. 3.1.6.3 The boundaries of the photographic area are generally consistent with the map corridor lines and district boundaries. , the coverage requirements are the same as "3.1.6.1" and "3.1.6.2" 3.1.7 Provisions on control routes (frame routes) 3.1.7.1 The control routes located around the photographic area must ensure that the main point of the image falls within the photographic area. Outside the side line, both ends should be beyond the four baselines of the side line of the shooting area
3.1.7.2 For the control route located in the shooting area, ensure that the main point of the image falls halfway on the surveying route on both sides of the map wrist line it straddles. There should be no less than four baselines that overlap each other at the intersection of the control route. 3.1.7.3 The image scale of the control route should be larger than the image scale of the mapping route, and have a heading overlap of greater than or equal to 80%. , to ensure that the spacers can form a normally overlapping three-dimensional image pair. 3.1.8 Requirements for flying according to the center line of the image frame and the public image outline 3.1.8.1 Coverage requirements:
1. When compiling image maps or using photographic planar mapping, the routes should be laid according to the center line of the map, and the course should overlap 80%~85%~90%, M/M4 (times). It is required that one photograph covers one map. . b. When surveying with a precision stereo mapper, the route should be laid according to the center line of the map, and the courses should overlap normally. The M/M map is 4 times (times). It is required that one route covers a row of map frames to ensure that the map is parallel to the route direction. Full line. 3.1.8.2 The deviation of the actual track from the center line of the map frame shall generally not be greater than one-fifth of the chart length: the deviation from the public chart line shall generally not be greater than one-fifth of the route interval (equivalent to two-fifths of the chart length). When the deviation of the actual track exceeds the above regulations, but the side coverage can still ensure that the distance between the gallery line and the edge of the image is not less than 1.Ucm (18cm×18cm image frame) or 1.5cm (23cm×23cm image frame), it can considered qualified.
3.1.8.3 The selection of the center piece should ensure that the distance between the gallery line and the edge of the image piece is generally not less than 2.0cm (18cm×18cm image frame) or 2.5cm (23cm×23cm image frame), and the minimum is not less than 1. Gcm or 1.5cm. 3.1.8.4 The main image points of the transition pieces at both ends of the route should fall outside the map outline of the map frame or the boundary line of the survey area. The transition piece and the center piece should have a positive heading overlap.
3.1.8.5 Increase the measurement of the inclination angle and declination angle of the image film in the course overlap photography (referring to 80%, 85%, 90%), and match the transition film and center of the three-dimensional image pair after extracting the film The film shall prevail, and the requirements are the same as "3.1.2" and "3.1.3". 3.1.9 Provisions on vulnerability recovery
3.1.9.1 The same type of aerial camera as the original route should be used to take timely supplementary photos. 3.1.9.2 Additional photography should be carried out in accordance with the original design requirements. 3.1.9.3 The length of the supplementary photography route shall be based on the completed map frame and shall exceed a baseline outside the loophole. It may also be agreed with the aerial photography execution unit when signing the contract.
3.1.9.4 When the control route is set, both ends of the supplementary shooting route must exceed a baseline outside the control route. 3.1.9.5 If the control route not used for mapping has local relative holes or other defects (such as clouds, cloud shadows, debonding, etc.) but does not affect the model connection and normal control point selection of the entire route, supplementary photography is not required. . 3.2 Requirements for photographic quality
GB 6962-86
3.2.1 Use a density meter to sample and measure the fog density (Do), minimum density (D small) and maximum density (D) of aerial photography films ★), should meet the following requirements.
3.2.1.1 According to the photosensitive characteristics of commonly used aerial photography films in my country, the average density of the film should be controlled within the range of 0.7~1.0, and the optimal average density value is 0.85.
3.2.1.2 To ensure that the film has the necessary transparency, the fog density (D.) of the film shall not be greater than 0.2. 3.1.3 In order to be able to identify the image of the darkest scene on the ground, the minimum density of the film (D minimum) is at least 0.2 higher than the fog density (D. Day).
3.2.1.4 In order to be able to distinguish the image of the brightest scene on the ground under normal operating conditions, the maximum density of the film (D maximum) is generally It should be 1.4~1.8. For a very small number of particularly bright ground objects, the maximum density can exceed 1.8 but must not be greater than 2.0; and in areas with extremely low brightness (such as grasslands and forests), the maximum density can be less than 1.4 but minimum It shall not be less than 1.0. 3.2.2 The density difference (4D) of the film (also known as contrast) should generally be around 1.0. The maximum density difference (4D maximum) shall not be greater than 1.4 in areas with small brightness. (4D minimum) shall not be less than 0.6. 3.2.3 Check the film by visual method. The image should be clear, rich in layers, moderate in contrast, and soft in tone. It should be able to identify images of small objects that are suitable for the aerial photography scale and be able to establish. A clear three-dimensional model ensures the accuracy of three-dimensional measurement. 3.2.4 The image of the optical frame must be clear and complete. 3.2.5 The selection of the maximum exposure time should not only ensure the normal sensitivity of the aerial film, but also ensure the highest terrain point. The image point displacement error (5*) caused by the influence of the aircraft ground speed should not exceed 0.06mm. Therefore, the maximum allowable exposure time () should be calculated according to the following formula before formal aerial photography. | tt | |Me
=0.06mmw (meter/second)
3.2.6 The image point displacement error caused by the failure of the aerial film to be pressed strictly on the focal plane of the aerial camera during exposure The following regulations shall not be exceeded
3.2.6.123cm×23cm image width. For flattening accuracy inspection, a precision three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument is used to measure the coordinates and parallax of the standard configuration points and several inspection points, and the model is measured on an electronic computer. The relative orientation program performs analytical calculations and outputs the results. The remaining upper and lower parallax (4423) at the check point should be less than or equal to 0.02mm. 3.2.6.218cm×18cm image width, use 1818 three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument to measure the standard configuration point and if ten. The difference between the coordinates and parallax of the inspection point and the upper and lower parallax of the same point calculated using the graphical calculation method (4918=4-9) should be less than or equal to 0.04mm. 3.2.7 Sea areas and rivers and lakes with large water level changes are best. Choose low water level for aerial photography, and try to minimize the risk of falling into the water. All islands and Shide Beach in the shooting area must be photographed completely and can form a three-dimensional image pair. 3.2.8 If there are clouds, cloud shadows, and scratches on the film. , static spots, folds, degumming and other defects, and their scope is not large and does not affect the connection and surveying of the three-dimensional model, the result data can be used, otherwise it should be supplemented. The negatives used to prepare photographic plan views and orthophotos should be handled with appropriate and strict control over the above-mentioned defects. 3.2.9 The film must be fully fixed and washed, and must be inspected with a chemical tester. 3.2.10 Aerial photographic reproductions such as photographic prints and photographic index maps must have clear images and ensure quality. 3.2.11 Record data on various types of ancillary instruments and meters should meet the specific requirements put forward by the mapping unit. 3.2,12 The most important quality requirements for color and color infrared photography 3.2.12.1 Color and color infrared aerial photography must use correct filters to ensure correct exposure, moderate film contrast, clear images, and saturated colors. Color infrared film has obvious infrared characteristics. 3.2.12.2 Color, color infrared photographic films should be calibrated correctly, with uniform tones, and consistent color tones of the same objects in the films; they should be able to display the detailed shadow patterns on the film, with clear images and vivid colors. Color infrared images should be able to show the specific landscape of the photographed area. GB6962-86
3.2.12.3 There shall be no defects such as stains, fading, discoloration, contamination, etc. on color, color infrared negative films and image films. 3.2.12.4 Other requirements are the same as black and white photography. 4 Results sorting, inspection and acceptance
4.1 Numbering and annotation of aerial photographs
4.1.1 Routes are divided according to the number of routes listed in the flight report form and the number of photos for each route. The direction of the shadow of the ground object and the relationship between the various recording instrument images between the frames determine the position of the film number. 4.1.2 The film number should be in reverse font on the emulsion surface. The font is required to be correct, clear and easy to read, and the font size is 4mm×6mm. The number should include the shooting area code and the film number. Duplicate numbers are not allowed in the same shooting area. 4.1.3 The film number is consistent with the heading direction of the route. When flying in the east-west direction, the film number should be numbered on the northwest corner corresponding to the field; when flying in the north-south direction, the film number should be numbered on the northeast corner corresponding to the field. The film number should be as close to the edge of the image as possible, but should not overlap the frame mark. 4.1.4 Make the following notes on both ends of each roll of film with the same content: aerial photography date, crew number, shooting area code, division number, film roll number, frame number, aerial camera type and number, focal length, Frame gauge length, cassette number, starting and ending film numbers, total number of films, etc. If aerial photography is equipped with accessory instruments such as altimeters and altimetry meters, the recorded films and related data must also be numbered and explained accordingly.
4.2 Finishing and packaging of results
4.2.1 The negatives should be cleaned and sorted first and then canned. Each tube contains one or two rolls. The film should not be rolled too tightly, and the center diameter of the film roll should not be less than 2cm. Each roll of negative film should be filled with two copies of the registration card, one placed inside the tube and one affixed outside the tube. The tube number, drawing number, start and end numbers, etc. should be noted on the card.
4.2.2 Photographs should be organized and boxed according to the partition or the image range included in each photograph index map. Fill in the photograph registration card in duplicate, one placed in the box and one affixed to on the box. The content of the card should include: shooting area code, division number, frame number, route serial number, starting and ending film number of each route, number of films and total number of films. 4.3 Make photo and index pictures
4.3.1 Index pictures can be produced according to the range of aerial photography partitions or encrypted area networks. 4.3.2 The photo index chart should faithfully reflect the situation of all photo data within the included range. There should be a certain overlap between adjacent index pictures in the same photographic area. The scale of the index map should be as large as possible to ensure that the photo number of each route can be read. In a shooting area with a controlled route, when making a photo index map, the number of the controlled route and the start and end film numbers at both ends of the control route should be marked in the corresponding position. The format of the photo index picture is generally 25cm × 30cm. The names of major towns, rivers, and other major features should be indicated within the map. Outside the map, the one-quarter or fifth-quarter map number, area code, aerial photography year, month, and production scale should be indicated. inspectors, inspectors, etc.
4.4 Work procedures for inspection and acceptance of results
4.4.1 The aerial photography execution unit shall inspect the aerial photography films, photographic images, photographic index maps, and various records in accordance with the provisions of this specification and the photography area contract. All result materials such as data and forms shall be carefully inspected item by item, and the inspection records shall be filled in in detail. 4.4.2 The aerial photography execution unit shall, in accordance with the provisions of the aerial photography data handover and the photography area contract, compile and complete all results data and hand them over to representatives of the surveying and mapping unit for acceptance.
4.4.3 Representatives of the surveying and mapping unit shall accept all result materials based on this specification and the photography contract. After passing the acceptance inspection, both parties will sign the handover letter and go through the handover procedures.
4.4.4 Representatives from both parties negotiate to deal with problems discovered during the inspection and acceptance work, and jointly evaluate the quality of the result materials. 4.5 Inspection and acceptance methods
4.5.1 Data measurement method: Anything that can pass human T.Measurement and instrumentation of indicators represented by data must be carried out comprehensive measurement by item and sampling measurement by batch. Make the inspection and acceptance work as scientific and data-based as possible. 4.5.2 Sample comparison method: Checking the photographic quality of the film should be based on sampling measurement data. According to the quality indicators stipulated in this specification, GB6962-86
develops standard samples for different regions and different scenery characteristics (such as: Urban dense areas, general flat land, hilly land, mountains, high mountains, etc.). In the actual inspection and acceptance work, the quality of photography should be identified by comparing similar samples. The quality standard of sample pieces is:
Excellent food grade:
1 Density difference 0.7, maximum density 1.2
b. The density difference is 1.0, the maximum density is 1.5
Qualified product:
a, the density difference is 0.6, the maximum density is 1.0
b. The density difference is 0.6, and the maximum density is 1.8
c. Density difference 1.4, maximum density 1.8
4.5.3 Visual inspection method: Visual inspection method is the main method often used in inspection and acceptance work. Practical experience in photography and photogrammetry and a clear understanding of specifications and contract terms are the basic requirements that day vision inspectors must possess. 4.5.4 Inspection of the flattening quality of aerial photography films. The aerial photography execution unit generally uses the test flight films before the official flight every year, and the unit specifically responsible for this inspection conducts the inspection. The inspection results are recorded in the record book of each aerial camera as a calibration data. During the formal aerial photography process, inspections are generally not required except under special circumstances. If the surveying and mapping unit confirms that it is necessary to redo this inspection during the inspection and acceptance work, the following conditions must be met:
a, each cassette should be inspected for two consecutive three-dimensional image pairs. b. The distance between the standard configuration points and the bearing line shall not be less than 9.5cm (23cm × 23cm image width) or 7.5cm (18cm × 18cm image width); the inspection points should be evenly distributed, with no less than 10 points for each image pair. c. The film used for measurement should have good image quality, normal overlap, small tilt and rotation angles, and clear and complete frame markings. d. Try to choose a flat area with small undulations. The measuring instruments have been strictly calibrated and are in compliance with normal operating conditions. e.
1. The sense of responsibility and business technical level of the operators must be able to ensure that the measurement data is accurate. 4.6 Matters that should be paid attention to during inspection and acceptance
4.6.1 Where there are clear quality indicators in the specifications and filming contract, they should be implemented in accordance with the regulations. Inspection and acceptance personnel are not allowed to relax tolerances or lower quality standards on their own.
4.6.2 Under the premise of implementing the specifications and the provisions of the photography contract, any local quality problems caused by unforeseeable objective reasons or some special circumstances during the aerial photography process should be treated from the perspective of comprehensive economics. Benefit consideration, full consultation and flexible handling. 4.6.3 During the inspection and acceptance work, if representatives from both parties have different understandings of the terms of the specification and cannot reach a consensus after consultation, they should report it to the supervisor in a timely manner for handling.
5 Storage of aerial photography instruments, photosensitive materials, and aerial photography films 5.1 Storage requirements for aerial photography instruments
In order to prevent damage to instrument components and contamination and mold of the optical system, aerial photography instruments should be stored The following conditions. 5.1.1 Aerial photography instruments should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The room should be clean and dry, the temperature should be maintained between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius all year round, and the relative humidity should not be greater than 65%.
5.1.2 Aerial photography instruments should be transported and stored in special boxes at ordinary times. Instruments that have not been used for a long time must be oil-sealed according to regulations before being put into storage. 5.1.3 The shutter speed of the instrument should be placed at the lowest position and the shutter spring should be relaxed. Manipulate the time interval to the minimum position and relax the internal clockwork.
5.1.4 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances indoors. 5.1.5 Regular inspections must be carried out, and problems found should be dealt with promptly and recorded in the instrument’s history book. 5.2 Storage requirements for photosensitive materials
In order to maintain the stability of the performance of photosensitive materials, their storage must meet the following conditions. GB6962-86
5.2.1 Photosensitive materials (including: aerial photography film, elephant paper, copy film, etc.) should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The warehouse should be clean, dry and ventilated. The temperature is maintained at 5 to 20°C all year round, and the relative humidity is no more than 60% ± 5% (infrared film requires stricter conditions). Before use, photosensitive materials should be taken out of the warehouse and placed at room temperature for about 8 hours to allow for thermal equilibrium. 5.2.2 Photosensitive materials should be kept as intact as possible and stored in inner boxes. After unpacking, the canister film and boxed image paper should be placed vertically on a shelf 30cm above the ground, 1m away from the heat source, and away from direct sunlight. 5.2.3 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances in the warehouse, and it should not be corroded by harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and radioactive substances. 5.2.4 The storage period of films that have been exposed by aerial photography and are to be processed, including the transportation period, shall not exceed 15 days. 5.2.5 Fireworks should be strictly prohibited inside and outside the warehouse, and good fire-fighting facilities must be provided. 5.3 Storage requirements for aerial photography films
Aerial photography films are the original materials for mapping. Proper storage of the films is of great significance to ensure the accuracy of mapping and extend the service life of the films. For this reason, measures must be taken during the storage of the film to prevent the film from yellowing, poisoning, fading and disappearance of the image, damage and tearing of the film surface, and uneven deformation of the film base. 5.3.1 In addition to the storage conditions of "5.2", the storage of aerial photography films must also pay special attention to protecting the emulsion surface when using the film. Sweat and oil stains are strictly prohibited from contaminating the film. 5.3.2 After the mapping task is completed, the temporarily unused films must be cleaned, packaged and sealed in a special film tube for storage. 5.3.3 The negative film should be stored upright in the entire roll, and should not be cut or cut into single pieces for storage. 5.3.4 Aerial photography films with different film bases should be stored in separate warehouses or warehouses.1 Storage requirements for aerial photography instruments
In order to prevent damage to instrument components and contamination and mold of the optical system, the storage of aerial photography instruments should meet the following conditions. 5.1.1 Aerial photography instruments should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The room should be clean and dry, the temperature should be maintained between 10 and 20°C all year round, and the relative humidity should not be greater than 65%.
5.1.2 Aerial photography instruments should be transported and stored in special boxes at ordinary times. Instruments that have not been used for a long time must be oil-sealed according to regulations before being put into storage. 5.1.3 The shutter speed of the instrument should be placed at the lowest position and the shutter spring should be relaxed. Manipulate the time interval to the minimum position and relax the internal clockwork.
5.1.4 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances indoors. 5.1.5 Regular inspections must be carried out, and problems found should be dealt with promptly and recorded in the instrument’s history book. 5.2 Storage requirements for photosensitive materials
In order to maintain the stability of the performance of photosensitive materials, their storage must meet the following conditions. GB6962-86
5.2.1 Photosensitive materials (including: aerial photography film, elephant paper, copy film, etc.) should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The warehouse should be clean, dry and ventilated. The temperature is maintained at 5 to 20°C all year round, and the relative humidity is no more than 60% ± 5% (infrared film requires stricter conditions). Before use, photosensitive materials should be taken out of the warehouse and placed at room temperature for about 8 hours to allow for thermal equilibrium. 5.2.2 Photosensitive materials should be kept as intact as possible and stored in inner boxes. After unpacking, the canister film and boxed image paper should be placed vertically on a shelf 30cm above the ground, 1m away from the heat source, and away from direct sunlight. 5.2.3 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances in the warehouse, and it should not be corroded by harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and radioactive substances. 5.2.4 The storage period of films that have been exposed by aerial photography and are to be processed, including the transportation period, shall not exceed 15 days. 5.2.5 Fireworks should be strictly prohibited inside and outside the warehouse, and good fire-fighting facilities must be provided. 5.3 Storage requirements for aerial photography films
Aerial photography films are the original materials for mapping. Proper storage of the films is of great significance to ensure the accuracy of mapping and extend the service life of the films. For this reason, measures must be taken during the storage of the film to prevent the film from yellowing, poisoning, fading and disappearance of the image, damage and tearing of the film surface, and uneven deformation of the film base. 5.3.1 In addition to the storage conditions of "5.2", the storage of aerial photography films should also pay special attention to protecting the emulsion surface when using the film. Sweat and oil stains are strictly prohibited from contaminating the film. 5.3.2 After the mapping task is completed, the temporarily unused films must be cleaned, packaged and sealed in a special film tube for storage. 5.3.3 The negative film should be stored upright in the entire roll, and should not be cut or cut into single pieces for storage. 5.3.4 Aerial photography films with different film bases should be stored in separate warehouses or warehouses.1 Storage requirements for aerial photography instruments
In order to prevent damage to instrument components and contamination and mold of the optical system, the storage of aerial photography instruments should meet the following conditions. 5.1.1 Aerial photography instruments should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The room should be clean and dry, the temperature should be maintained between 10 and 20°C all year round, and the relative humidity should not be greater than 65%.
5.1.2 Aerial photography instruments should be transported and stored in special boxes at ordinary times. Instruments that have not been used for a long time must be oil-sealed according to regulations before being put into storage. 5.1.3 The shutter speed of the instrument should be placed at the lowest position and the shutter spring should be relaxed. Manipulate the time interval to the minimum position and relax the internal clockwork.
5.1.4 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances indoors. 5.1.5 Regular inspections must be carried out, and problems found should be dealt with promptly and recorded in the instrument’s history book. 5.2 Storage requirements for photosensitive materials
In order to maintain the stability of the performance of photosensitive materials, their storage must meet the following conditions. GB6962-86
5.2.1 Photosensitive materials (including: aerial photography film, elephant paper, copy film, etc.) should be stored in a dedicated warehouse. The warehouse should be clean, dry and ventilated. The temperature is maintained at 5 to 20°C all year round, and the relative humidity is no more than 60% ± 5% (infrared film requires stricter conditions). Before use, photosensitive materials should be taken out of the warehouse and placed at room temperature for about 8 hours to allow for thermal equilibrium. 5.2.2 Photosensitive materials should be kept as intact as possible and stored in inner boxes. After unpacking, the canister film and boxed image paper should be placed vertically on a shelf 30cm above the ground, 1m away from the heat source, and away from direct sunlight. 5.2.3 There should be no acid chemicals and volatile substances in the warehouse, and it should not be corroded by harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia and radioactive substances. 5.2.4 The storage period of films that have been exposed by aerial photography and are to be processed, including the transportation period, shall not exceed 15 days. 5.2.5 Fireworks should be strictly prohibited inside and outside the warehouse, and good fire-fighting facilities must be provided. 5.3 Storage requirements for aerial photography films
Aerial photography films are the original materials for mapping. Proper storage of the films is of great significance to ensure the accuracy of mapping and extend the service life of the films. For this reason, measures must be taken during the storage of the film to prevent the film from yellowing, poisoning, fading and disappearance of the image, damage and tearing of the film surface, and uneven deformation of the film base. 5.3.1 In addition to the storage conditions of "5.2", the storage of aerial photography films should also pay special attention to protecting the emulsion surface when using the film. Sweat and oil stains are strictly prohibited from contaminating the film. 5.3.2 After the mapping task is completed, the temporarily unused films must be cleaned, packaged and sealed in a special film tube for storage. 5.3.3 The negative film should be stored upright in the entire roll, and should not be cut or cut into single pieces for storage. 5.3.4 Aerial photography films with different film bases should be stored in separate warehouses or warehouses.
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