Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T15404—94
Test methods for manual sprayer
Test methods for manual sprayer1994-12-30Promulgated
National Technical Supervision
1995-07-01Implementation
wwW.National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Test methods for manual sprayer
Test methods for manual sprayer1Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the conditions, procedures and methods for sprayer performance test and field production test. GB/T15404—94
This standard applies to single-tube sprayers, backpack sprayers, compression sprayers and pedal sprayers for agricultural use and sanitary and epidemic prevention use. Reference standards
GB6959 Terminology of plant protection machinery
JB5116 Test methods for sprayer nozzles
ZBB91005 Sprayer injection parts
ZBB91016 Sprayer plastic injection parts
3 Terms
3.1 Sprayer light and heat aging test
A test that uses artificial methods to simulate and strengthen the light, heat, oxygen and moisture that the sprayer is exposed to in the natural climate as the main aging and damage factors.
3.2 Blackboard temperature
The temperature measured on the blackboard surface, which indicates the maximum temperature that the sample surface can reach. 3.3 Average working time before first failure
The average working time when the product first fails. 4 Test conditions
4.1 Temperature and humidity
During the test, the ambient temperature of the test room should be between 5 and 35°C if there are no special requirements, and the relative humidity of the test room air should not be less than 50%. 4.2 Test medium
The medium for performance test shall be clean water at room temperature without solid suspended matter, unless there are special requirements. The medium for field production test shall be liquid pesticide diluted as required.
4.3 Main instruments and equipment for test
For details, please refer to Appendix A (Supplement). Before the test, adjustment, verification or calibration shall be carried out in advance. 5 Performance test
Before the sprayer test, its main technical parameters shall be measured and the results shall be recorded in Table 1. 5.1 Spray performance of the whole machine
Install the sprayer into working state, connect the pressure gauge to the water outlet joint of the sprayer, adjust the sprayer, spray at the normal working pressure, and conduct the following inspections:
a. Whether the mist flow is uniform and the atomization is good; b. Whether there is intermittent spraying;
c. Whether there is leakage in each component and connection. The observation time is 1 minute, and the results are recorded in Table 2 or Table 7. 5.2 Spray volume
First use a measuring tool or microscope to measure the diameter of the spray hole. 5.2.1 Spray volume of the nozzle
Install the nozzle downward, spray at the specified pressure, and measure the amount of liquid sprayed with a device or flow meter. Calculate the spray volume per minute. Repeat the test three times and calculate the average value. The results are recorded in Table 6. 5.2.2 Spray volume of the whole machine
Install the sprayer into working state, and connect a pressure gauge at the outlet of the shut-off valve. When the pressure of the pressure gauge is maintained at the normal working pressure, spray the liquid for 1 to 3 minutes, measure the amount of liquid sprayed with a device or flow meter, and calculate the spray volume per minute. Repeat the test three times and calculate the average value. The results are recorded in Table 2 or Table 7.
5.3 Mist distribution
5.3.1 Test requirements
Install the nozzle vertically on the nozzle test bench in working state and place it above the top of a slot wall. The slit nozzle and the diversion nozzle should make the long axis of the mist shape at right angles to the mist collecting slot. If the manufacturer specifies the nozzle position, the test is carried out at this position. The test pressure is the maximum, minimum and common working pressure specified by the manufacturer. The nozzle height is measured between the top of the slot wall and the nozzle hole. If the manufacturer specifies the optimal height, the test is carried out at this height and 15 cm above and below; if the manufacturer does not specify the height, the test can be carried out within the range of 40 and 50 cm. If necessary, it can be carried out at a height of 30 cm and 60 cm. Slit nozzles are generally carried out at 50 cm; diversion nozzles and conical mist nozzles are generally carried out at 30 cm. 5.3.2 Determination
When the amount of liquid collected in a measuring cylinder on the nozzle test bench reaches 90% of the capacity of the measuring cylinder, stop collecting liquid immediately and record the amount of liquid collected in each measuring cylinder.
5.3.3 Results
The distribution of the amount of mist should be represented by a curve chart (it is recommended that 5 cm on the Y axis represents 100% and 1 cm on the x axis represents 5 cm), and the amount of liquid collected in each slot should be expressed as a percentage of the average amount of liquid in all slots (see Figure 1), or recorded in Table 4. 5.4 Spray angle
Spray volume (% of average spray volume)
The center line of the spray nozzle
Distance (cm)
Install the nozzle downward on the nozzle test bench so that it sprays at the specified pressure, and determine the spray angle by calculation or measurement. 5.4.1 Calculation method
Calculate based on the height of the nozzle from the spray slot ridge and the distance between the straight line portion with obvious boundary on the outer edge of the mist flow or the intersection of the effective spray width and the spray slot ridge.
5.4.2 Measurement method
Use a protractor to directly measure the angle between the straight line portion with obvious boundary on the outer edge of the mist flow and the top of the mist flow, or take a photo of the spray state first, and then measure the angle between the straight line portion with obvious boundary on the outer edge of the mist flow in the photo and the top of the mist flow (see Figure 2). The results are recorded in Table 2.
Straight line portion with obvious boundary on the spray nozzle
Spray angle
5.5 Droplet size
5.5.1 Test requirements
The droplet size can be measured by microscope measurement or laser particle spectrometer. The test is carried out under the specified pressure.
Take the microscope measurement method as an example: sampling can be done by moving the nozzle or the cover plate, which can collect enough droplets without merging the droplets.
5.5.2 Droplet quantity and size classification range
Collect a sufficient number of droplets. If sampling is done at 5 points (conical mist flow or flat mist flow), the total number shall not be less than 2000. The size classification range is selected according to the size of the collected droplets. It can be classified according to the minimum resolution size of the micrometer or by natural numbers, but it should not exceed 100μm.
5.5.3 Test device
The oil pan with a layer of heated and homogenized vaseline and 2-3mm thick No. 30 gasoline engine lubricating oil on the bottom is placed horizontally on a spray tank or several rods 0.5m above the ground, so that the oil pans are arranged in a row and placed at equal distances on the entire width of the fog band, perpendicular to the forward direction of the nozzle. The vertical distance between the nozzle and the fog collecting surface is the value specified by the manufacturer or selected by the sampling. This vertical distance is recorded in Table 3. 5.5.4 Measurement
The nozzle moves above a row of sampling blood, or moves with a cover plate above the sampling blood. Each sampling blood collects part of the droplets of the fog flow. After sampling, observe with a microscope. 100 droplets are measured in each sampling III, and the measurement error is not greater than 10um. Different droplets are classified and counted, and the total volume of the collected droplets and the distribution of the fog volume expressed as the percentage of each size class are calculated. 5.5.5 Results
Draw a droplet distribution curve on Gaussian logarithmic curve coordinate paper. The values of the diameters corresponding to 16%, 50% (volume median diameter) and 84% of the cumulative volume should be noted.
Figure 3 shows the corresponding droplet diameter for each cumulative volume. The cumulative volume on the graph is expressed as its percentage of the droplet sample. The Y axis is logarithmic and represents the droplet diameter: the X axis is Gaussian and represents the cumulative volume value. The division method is: in the case of logarithmic normal cumulative distribution, the curve on the graph is a straight line (Gaussian-logarithmic curve). The results are recorded in Table 3. YI
5.6 Adjustable nozzle range of pedal sprayer
5.6.1 Horizontal range
Gaussian logarithmic curve of droplet size
Cumulative volume. %
The horizontal range is determined indoors. Place the nozzle above the square cup droplet receiver (upper opening area is 10cmX10cm), with the nozzle hole 1m away from the upper plane of the receiver. The adjustable nozzle is configured at an angle that can achieve the maximum range. Place the droplet receiver in the estimated range and spray for 2 to 3 minutes. Calculate the amount of liquid deposited per minute per square centimeter area. The horizontal distance from the farthest boundary to the nozzle when the liquid volume reaches 0.04mL/min.cm is the horizontal range. Repeat three times and calculate the average value. Record the results in Table 5.5.6.2 Vertical range
Vertical range is tested indoors or outdoors under zero wind conditions. The test should not be conducted near tall buildings that are prone to strong updrafts.
Use a height meter or a scale in the vertical direction to measure the height of the nozzle from the top of the continuous and stable flow beam as the vertical range (the nozzle is 15 cm from the plane where the scale line is located). Repeat three times and calculate the average value. The results are recorded in Table 5. 5.7 Sealing performance of the whole machine
Install a pressure gauge and a shut-off valve at the water outlet joint of the sprayer, close the shut-off valve, increase the pressure to the specified pressure, and start timing after the working pressure stabilizes. Keep it for 5 minutes, observe whether there is leakage at all places, and record the pressure drop. The results are recorded in Table 2 or Table 7.5.8 Pump boost performance
Install a pressure gauge and a shut-off valve at the outlet joint of the sprayer, close the shut-off valve, operate the handle or start the test device, and let the sprayer pressure rise from zero. Measure the number of reciprocating times of the piston or plunger under the rated stroke when the pressure rises to the specified pressure. Measure three times and calculate the average value. The results are recorded in Table 2 or Table 7.
5.9 Pressure resistance performance
5.9.1 Pressure resistance performance of pedal-type sprayer cylinder Install the cylinder on the hydraulic test bench, start the test bench, fill the cylinder cavity with water and pressurize it to the specified pressure, keep it for 0.5 minutes, observe whether there is leakage, and record the results in Table 9.
5.9.2 Air chamber pressure resistance performance
Install the air chamber of the backpack sprayer or pedal sprayer on the air chamber pressure test bench, slowly increase the pressure to the specified test pressure, keep it for 1 minute, and observe whether the air chamber has rupture or leakage. The results are recorded in Table 6 or Table 9. 5.9.3 Pressure resistance of compressed spray tank Fill the compressed spray tank with clean water, cover it with a water filling cap, block the safety valve, install the tank on the pressure resistance test bench, use a water pressure test, slowly increase the pressure to the specified test pressure, hold it for 1 minute, and observe whether the tank has leakage or damage. Pay attention to safety protection during the test. The results are recorded in Table 6.
5.9.4 Pressure resistance of injection components
Block the nozzle of the injection component with a non-porous disc, connect the spray hose to the pressure resistance test bench, start the test bench, slowly increase the pressure to the specified pressure, hold it for 0.5 minutes, and observe whether there is leakage everywhere. Adjustments to the connection parts are allowed during the test. The results are recorded in Table 6 or Table 9. 5.10 Average volumetric efficiency of compressed spray pump Inject the rated volume of clean water into the compressed spray pump, install a pressure gauge and a shut-off valve at the water outlet joint, close the shut-off valve, pull the pump plug rod to make the piston reciprocate at the rated stroke, inflate to the maximum working pressure, record the number of reciprocating times of the plug rod and the pressure gauge reading, and calculate the average volumetric efficiency of the pump according to formula (1). The results are recorded in Table 6. C=Px100
Where: C—average volumetric efficiency, %; Pi—absolute pressure in the liquid tank after inflation, MPa; P2—atmospheric pressure, MPa;
Vi—volume of gas stored in the liquid tank, cm2; V2—displacement of the pump, that is, the product of the piston stroke and the area, cm3; N—number of reciprocating times of the plug rod, times.
5.11 Tank capacity
Weigh the net weight of the knapsack sprayer or compressed sprayer, then add water to the tank to the water level, weigh it again, and calculate the actual capacity. The results are recorded in Table 2.
5.12 Residual liquid volume
Install the sprayer in use and place it on the platform. Add an appropriate amount of clean water to the tank and operate the sprayer to make the nozzle spray normally until intermittent spray occurs. Pour the residual liquid in the tank into a measuring cup and measure its volume. The results are recorded in Table 2.5.13 Paint film adhesion
5.13.1 Materials and instruments
18-gauge sewing machine needle, triangle or ruler, four-fold magnifying glass, 8-gauge drawing pen. 5.13.2 Test method
After the paint film is dry, use a No. 18 sewing machine needle to scratch six parallel scratches on the paint film. Scratch spacing: a. When the paint film thickness is greater than 60um, the spacing is 2mm; b. When the paint film thickness is less than 60μum, the spacing is 1mm. When scratching, the needle should be perpendicular to the scratched surface and the scratching should be carried out with a steady and uniform pressure. The scratch should penetrate the entire paint film. Then make six scratches with the same spacing and perpendicular to the previous ones. The scratch needle should be replaced after being blunted. Use a painting pen to gently brush forward and backward along the diagonal direction of the grid pattern for 5 times to remove the peeling part of the paint film and observe the results with a four-fold magnifying glass. 5.13.3 Grades
Grade 1: The coating peels off slightly at the intersection of the scratches, and the peeling area is not more than 5%; Grade 2: The coating peels off along the edge of the scratch or the intersection of the scratches, and the peeling area is not more than 15%; Grade 3: The coating peels off partially and completely along the edge of the scratch, and the peeling area is not more than 35%; Grade 4: The coating peels off in large pieces along the edge of the scratch, and the peeling area is more than 35%. Usually, three different positions should be selected on the non-frontal surface of the component for scratch inspection. At least two positions should reach level 1-2 and pass, otherwise it will fail. The results are recorded in Table 6 or Table 9.
5.14 Welding strength of spray rod and sleeve and bonding strength of inserts. Clamp the spray rod welded parts, sleeve welded parts or plastic spray rod and sleeve inserts on the torque test device, load according to the specified test torque, observe for 5s, and check whether there is cracking or desoldering at the welding or insert joints. The results are recorded in Table 6 or Table 9.5.15 Reliability of lift-type shut-off valve
Install the shut-off valve on the shut-off valve reliability test bench so that the opening and closing frequency of the shut-off valve is less than 15-30 times/min, and the opening and closing speed is 0.1-0.2s/time. Adjust the spray pressure at the nozzle to 0.3MPa, and open and close the valve 50,000 times. Open and close the valve 500 times at a pressure of 0.5MPa. Check the leakage of the valve. The results are recorded in Table 6. 5.16 Opening pressure of the safety valve of the compressed sprayer Install a pressure gauge and a shut-off valve at the outlet joint of the compressed sprayer, close the shut-off valve, and pump air until the safety valve begins to release air. Record the pressure gauge reading at this time. The results are recorded in Table 6.
5.17 Pump performance of pedal sprayer
Install the pedal sprayer on the pedal sprayer comprehensive performance test bench and test it under the rated working condition of the sprayer (the plunger reciprocates at the rated stroke and frequency).
5.17.1 Pump flow and volumetric efficiency
Start the test device to make the pump work under the rated working condition, fully open the shut-off valve, measure the displacement of 1 to 3 minutes, and calculate the flow rate according to formula (2). The test results are recorded in Table 8.
Where: q—pump flow rate, L/min;
Q'—total pump discharge, L:
N—number of plunger reciprocating times, times:
—time for measuring the discharge, min.
The volumetric efficiency is calculated according to formula (3):
Where: nv——pump volumetric efficiency, %;
Rated pump flow rate (qv=plunger area×plunger stroke×number of plunger reciprocating times×number of cylinders), L/min. The test and calculation results are recorded in Table 8,
5.17.2 Total pump efficiency
The total efficiency of the pump is the ratio of the output power to the total power when the pump is working. Install the pedal sprayer on the comprehensive performance test bench of the pedal sprayer, and install an angular displacement sensor (or displacement sensor), a force sensor or other sensor between the rod connecting the operating lever and the test bench. The sensor should be calibrated on the test bench before the test. Start the test bench to make the pedal sprayer work under rated working conditions. When the pressure reaches the normal working pressure, the test parameters such as pump test pressure, pump displacement, measurement time, operating force acting on the operating lever, angular displacement of the operating lever and reciprocating times of the operating lever should be recorded synchronously and transmitted to the computer or secondary instrument for data processing. When measuring the flow rate, the plunger should reciprocate no less than 10 times. Calculate the total efficiency according to formula (4) and record the results in Table 8.
10p×100
Where: n—total pump efficiency, %;
Q pump displacement, L/min;
F——tangential component force acting on the operating lever force point, N; S—stroke of one reciprocating motion of the operating lever force point, cm; N,—reciprocating times of the operating lever, times;
—working pressure of the pump during the test, MPa.
5.18 Wall thickness of plastic liquid tank
Use an ultrasonic thickness gauge or measuring tool to measure the wall thickness of the liquid tank (at the corner), measure three places, and take the minimum value. The results are recorded in Table 6.5.19 Drop test of plastic liquid tank
5.19.1 Backpack sprayer
Remove the spray components, air chamber, and upper and lower clamps of the liquid tank, and block the water outlet. At room temperature of 20±5℃, inject the rated capacity of clean water into the liquid tank, and let the bottom of the tank fall downwards to the horizontal cement floor at the specified height for three consecutive times to observe whether the liquid tank is broken or leaking. The results are recorded in Table 6. wwW.bzxz.Net
5.19.2 Compression sprayer
Remove the spraying parts, install a three-way pipe at the water outlet, and install a pressure gauge. At room temperature of (20±5)℃, inject the rated capacity of clean water into the liquid tank and inflate it to the normal working pressure. With the bottom of the tank facing downward, it falls freely on a hard wooden board at the specified height. The wooden board is a square with a side length of 90cm and a thickness of 5cm. Fall three times in a row and observe whether the liquid tank is broken. Pay attention to safety protection during the test. The results are recorded in Table 6.5.20 Light and heat aging test of plastic parts of sprayer5.20.1 Sample
The sample is a plastic part such as a liquid tank and an air chamber that has undergone the whole machine pressure resistance performance, liquid tank drop test or air chamber pressure resistance performance test and meets the specified requirements.
5.20.2 Test steps
5.20.2.1 Before the aging test, number the samples and record the sample color. The upper and lower clamps of the liquid tank should be removed. 5.20.2.2 Place the sample on the hand-held sprayer durability test bench, with the light-facing side facing the light source during use. 5.20.2.3 After the sample is installed, first turn on the cooling pump to exhaust the air in the lamp, then turn on the xenon lamp. When the temperature in the box rises to the required temperature, start calculating the aging test time. After 100 hours of testing, turn off the xenon lamp. 5.20.2.4 Remove the sample and test it at room temperature according to the requirements of 5.9.2, 5.19.1 or 5.19.2, record the test results and sample changes, and continue the aging test if the sample is not damaged. The time intervals of the sample test cycle can be equal or adjusted according to the performance changes. 5.20.2.5 After completing each specified time interval, test and judge according to 5.20.2.4. Until the specified test time is reached or the performance drops to a certain specified value. The results are recorded in Table 11. 5.20.3 The blackboard temperature
is specified as (63 ± 3) °C. According to relevant regulations or agreements, (50 ± 5) °C or (80 ± 5) °C may also be used, but this should be stated in the test report.
5.20.4 Relative humidity
is specified as (65 ± 5)%. (50 ± 5)% or (80 ± 5)% may also be used, but this should be stated in the test report. 5.20.5 Determination of radiation
An integrator illuminometer, a radiometer, etc. may be used. There are two methods for measurement:
a. Continuous measurement, i.e., using an integrator illuminometer to continuously measure the cumulative total radiation; b. Intermittent measurement, i.e., during the exposure period of the sample, the radiation is measured multiple times using a measuring instrument, and the average value per unit time is taken to calculate the total radiation during the exposure period.
5.21 Corrosion test of metal liquid tank
5.21.1 Test method
After leak detection of liquid tank, fill the corrosive medium to the water level, seal the liquid tank and place it on the durability test bench of manual sprayer. The sprayer swings back and forth with the bracket, the frequency of swing is 30 times//min, the swing amplitude is 5°, and the dynamic test is run for 15min and then rest for 15min. It is carried out continuously day and night. Check the inner wall coating of liquid tank every 7 days, and replace the pesticide at the same time. If the tank wall is perforated due to severe corrosion, stop the test. 5.21.2 Medium
Select 2 to 3 kinds of each of the four types of a. different dosage forms; b. different uses; c. different compositions; d. different pH values, and the concentration is 10 times the user's commonly used concentration. The pesticides should be replaced alternately and corroded alternately. 5.21.3 Medium temperature
Continuous constant temperature (40±2)℃.
5.21.4 Evaluation of corrosion resistance
Good: no loss of gloss or slight loss of gloss, no discoloration or slight discoloration; a.
No blistering, wrinkling or shedding;
No powdering, cracking or rusting.
b. Medium: obvious loss of gloss, discoloration, blistering: microbubble area less than 30%, small bubble area less than 4%, medium bubble area less than 2%: paint film wrinkling area less than 30%, but no shedding, slight powdering but no cracking, with several rust spots, the diameter of the rust spots is less than 0.5mm. C. Poor: serious loss of gloss and discoloration. Obvious blistering: microbubble area greater than 30%, small bubble area greater than 5%; medium bubble area greater than 2%, large bubbles appear;
The paint film wrinkling area is greater than 30%, and the paint film falls off; obvious powdering and cracking. Rust spots or perforations appear, and the rust spot area is greater than 2%. The test results are recorded in Table 10.
Note: ① Calculation of bubble area: Divide the test surface of the machine into 100 equal parts, and if there is a small bubble in each part, it is counted as 1%. ② Assessment of bubble grade: Microbubble: visible with a 4x magnifying glass; Small bubble: diameter is less than 0.5mm;
Medium bubble: diameter is 0.6～1.0mm;
Large bubble: diameter is greater than 1.0mm.
5.22 Immersion test for plastic and rubber seals The seals removed from the sprayer are immersed in a mixture of 40% kerosene, 20% toluene and 40% xylene at (21～27)℃ for 72h, then hung in air at (21～27)℃ to dry for 24h, and then installed in the original position and sprayed at the normal working pressure to check for leakage. The test results are recorded in Table 6.
5.23 Filter mesh aperture
Measure with a gauge or drill bit equal to 75% of the spray hole diameter. If the filter mesh aperture is a square hole, measure its diagonal. The results are recorded in Table 6.5.24 Fatigue test of compressed spray tank Remove the spray components and the air pump, and block the air pump installation port. Install the tank on the fatigue test bench, add rated water, connect the water outlet to the compressed air pipeline of the test bench, start the test bench, alternately fill the tank with 0.4MPa compressed air through the water outlet, and then discharge the compressed air, filling and discharging 4 times per minute. Complete the specified number of pressure cycles cumulatively. During the test, pay attention to observe whether the tank is damaged or leaking. The results are recorded in Table 6.5.25 Mean time to first failure (MTTFF) Install the sprayer on the reliability performance test bench, put it into working state, spray at the normal working pressure, and work cumulatively until the specified time. After the test, calculate according to formula (5). The calculation results are recorded in Table 12. MTTFF -
Where: MTTFF—average working time before the first failure of the sprayer, h; n——number of investigated or tested sprayers, units; r
—number of investigated or tested sprayers that had their first failure (except minor failures) during the use or test time, units; ti—accumulated working time when the i-th sprayer had its first failure, h; t——accumulated working time of the t-th sprayer that had not failed at the end of the user survey or reliability test, h; for the test sprayer, it is the prescribed timed tail test time, h; if all tested sprayers have no failure (except minor failures), it is prescribed to be expressed as
6 Field production test
6.1 Test purpose
Field production test mainly evaluates the performance stability, operation quality, pest control effect, ease of use and maintenance, operational safety, reliability and economic indicators of the sprayer under actual use conditions. 6.2 General requirements
The sprayer should be in good technical condition during the test. The test should be conducted in combination with production use and the test time should be no less than 100 hours. The test results are recorded in Table 16. During the test, if the machine fails, the test should be continued after the failure is eliminated. The failure condition and its description are recorded in Table 16. 6.3 Actual amount of liquid applied in the field
The liquid tank is filled with rated liquid, and the distance traveled and the working width after spraying one tank of liquid are measured. Repeat three times. Calculate the amount of liquid applied per hectare (or mu) according to formula (6).
Where: Q is the actual amount of liquid applied, L/ha (or mu) or kg/ha (or mu); G is the amount of liquid applied, L or kg;
B is the width of the working area, m;
·(6
L is the distance traveled after spraying a box of liquid, m. The results are recorded in Table 14.
6.4 Determination of the adhesion status of the liquid
The adhesion status should be determined by different methods according to different crops. 6.4.1 Sampling method
For tall plants such as fruit trees, select three plants of representative height and evenly distribute 8 points in each equal height surface of each tree crown (upper, middle and lower) for observation. If necessary, sampling can also be carried out according to the inner and outer points of the plants. In the middle and late stages of general crops, within the spray range, every 1 to 2 rows are taken as a point, and 10 plants are selected at each point (continuously or intermittently). Each plant is observed at three locations: the top (top), the middle (3/4 of the plant height), and the bottom (1/4 of the plant height). In the seedling stage of low-lying crops and various crops, within the spray range, every 1 to 2 rows are taken as a point, and 10 plants are selected at each point (continuously or intermittently) for observation.
6.4.2 Observation method
If the attachment rate is measured, the index method can be used, and if the droplet coverage density is measured, the paper card method can be used. 6.4.2.1 Index method
After spraying, take samples and observe them quickly before the liquid medicine dries. Use the classification method to record the adhesion of the liquid medicine. The classification standards are as follows: Level 0: No liquid medicine adhesion.
Level 1: The liquid medicine adhesion area is less than 1/4 of the observation area (if observing leaves, it is less than 1/4 of the leaf area); Level 2: The liquid medicine adhesion area is less than 1/2 of the observation area; Level 3: The liquid medicine adhesion area is less than 3/4 of the observation area: Level 4: All liquid medicine is attached.
Calculate the leaf surface and leaf back adhesion rates respectively according to the following formula: Adhesion rate = L level × 1) + (2 level × 2) + level × 3) + 4 level * 4 × 100... Number of leaves surveyed × 4
The results are recorded in Table 13.
6.4.2.2 Paper card method
Fix a paper card (3cm×5cm area calculation paper) at each observation point, add 1% (weight ratio) of black dye to the sprayed liquid, collect the paper card after spraying, observe with a 5-10 times magnifying glass, and count the number of droplets. According to the droplet situation, determine the area to be observed and counted on each paper card. Calculate the average number of droplets per square centimeter. 6.5 Determination of control effect
With the cooperation of plant protection personnel, follow the common method. Determine the control effect of major diseases and pests in different growth stages of crops.
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