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Light Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Ballpoint Pen Inks
Subject Content and Scope of Application
QB/T 1946—1994
This standard specifies the product classification, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of ballpoint pen inks. This standard applies to ballpoint pen inks.
2 Reference standards
GB/T 633
GB/T 678
GB/T 684
GB/T 687
GB/T2386
GB/T 4306
GB/T 6678
GB/T 6680
Chemical reagents
Chemical reagents
Chemical reagents
Chemical reagents
Sodium nitrite
95% ethanol
Glycerol
Determination of moisture content in dyes and dye intermediatesBallpoint pen
General rules for sampling of chemical products
General rules for sampling of liquid chemical products
GB/T 12654
QB/T1705
Writing paper
Offset printing coated base paper (coated base paper) HGB/T 3483
3Product classification
Chemical reagents
Benzyl alcohol
3.1According to color, it can be divided into black ink, blue ink, red ink and green ink, etc. 3.2According to performance, it can be divided into primary ink and secondary ink. 4Technical requirements
The technical indicators of ballpoint pen ink should meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1
Enzyme water-based
Lightfastness
Purity
First-level ink
Second-level ink
Paste with a certain viscosity, without conjunctiva, delamination, gelation and healed pattern, etc. The change rate of trace concentration is not more than 25.0%
The change rate of trace concentration is not more than 6.0%
Approved by the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China on April 23, 1994 204
The change rate of trace concentration is greater than 2 5%, trace discernibleTrace concentration change rate greater than 6.0%, trace discernibleWriting normal
Writing normal
No deterioration
1994-12-01Implementation
Water content, %
Surface tension, N/m
Viscosity Pa·s
QB/T1946-1994
Continued Table 1
Grade ink
1.100~1.300
3. 3×10~2~4. 8X10-2
7.0±1.51
5.0~12.02)
Note 1) In addition to meeting the above provisions, inks with different characteristics should have different pH value ranges. 2) In addition to meeting the above provisions, inks with different viscosity values should be provided according to user requirements. 5 Test methods
5.1 Ink appearance test
Test whether the ink is a slurry with a certain viscosity, and whether there are conjunctiva, delamination, gelation and severe patterns. 5.1.1 Test methods and steps
Unscrew the container cap of the ink to be tested, and visually inspect the ink surface under an incandescent lamp with an illumination of 200-2501x. 5. 2 Water resistance test
Test the ability of the ink writing line to resist water immersion. 5.2.1 Test instruments and materials
Distilled water,
Beaker: 25mL;
101 type empty pen refill: in accordance with the recommended specifications in Appendix B of GB/T4306; offset printing coating base paper (QB/T1705): 210g/m2; multi-function ruler or marking machine;
Centrifugal sedimentation machine,
Photoelectric colorimeter: resolution is 1%. www.bzxz.net
5.2.2 Test method and steps
T KANT KAca
Fill an empty 101 pen refill with the ink to be tested and centrifuge it on a centrifugal sedimentation machine at a linear speed of 35~～50m/s for 5min. Then draw lines on writing paper with your bare hands at a uniform speed at a writing angle of 45°±10° to the paper. A refill that feels lubricated and draws 20 circles of 20～25mm continuously without a break and with uniform lines is considered to have normal ink flow. b. Take a normal ink-discharging pen core as the test pen core, draw 15 60mm long line segments on the test paper at a writing angle of 45°±10°, a writing speed of 60mm/s, and a writing load of 500g, with a spacing of 1mm. Then rotate the test paper 4590° and 135° and continue to draw lines in this way for a total of four times. Take a square with a central side length of 26mm (the intersection of the diagonal lines of the square should be the center of the drawn paper) as the test sample paper;
Expose the test sample paper in a room without direct sunlight. After 24 hours, test the absorbance of the sample line trace concentration before the test on a photoelectric colorimeter, and then immerse it in 25mL of steam. Put it in a beaker of distilled water, take it out and dry it in the shade after 72 hours, and then test the trace concentration absorption rate of the sample after the test on the photoelectric colorimeter;
d trace concentration absorption rate test method: adjust the instrument to the working state, select the interference wavelength according to Table 2, test the test paper three times, record the reading indicated by the indicator, calculate the average value, and then subtract the average value from 100%, which is the trace concentration absorption rate of the sample; 205
Red ink
Green ink
QB/T1946-—1994
Interference wavelength, nm
Calculate the trace concentration change rate of the sample according to the following formula, and evaluate it. e.
Sample trace concentration change rate (%) Sample trace concentration absorption rate after the test Sample trace concentration absorption rate before the test 1 10 Sample trace concentration absorption rate before the test
5.3 Light fastness test
Test to test the ability of ink writing lines to resist light. 5.3.1 Test instruments and materials
Sun fastness instrument: power is 1.5kW;
b. Photoelectric colorimeter: resolution is 1%.
5.3.2 Test methods and steps
Prepare test paper according to the method and steps in b of 5.2.2, expose the test paper in a room without direct sunlight, test the sample trace concentration absorption rate on the photoelectric colorimeter after 24 hours, and use it as the sample trace concentration absorption rate before the test, then put it into the sun fastness instrument for exposure, take it out after 72 hours, and test the sample trace concentration absorption rate on the photoelectric colorimeter after the test, the sample concentration absorption rate test method and evaluation method shall be in accordance with the method and steps in d and e of 5.2.2.
5.4 Purity test
Test to check the influence of suspended particles in oil type on writing performance. 5.4.1 Test instruments and materials
Centrifugal sedimentation machine;
b Writing paper (GB/T12654): 70g/m2. 5.4.2 Test methods and steps
Select 10 normal ink-discharging refills according to the method and steps in b of 5.2.2, and centrifuge them at a linear speed of 3550m/s for 12h (6h each time, and the centrifugation is required to be completed within 48h). Then, on the writing paper, the refill and the paper are at a writing angle of 45°±10°, and the speed is not more than 0.1m/s. Draw 100 circles of $20~～25mm, and the ink starts to flow within the first 5 circles. After 5 circles, it is qualified if there is no breakage.
5.5 Corrosion test
Test the effect of ink filling the refill on the writing performance after it is placed for a certain period of time under certain conditions under normal conditions.
Test instruments and materials
Constant temperature oven;
Sodium nitrite (GB/T633)
Sealed container;
Writing paper (GB/T12654): 70g/m.
5.5.2 Test methods and procedures
First, prepare a saturated sodium nitrite solution (humidity 60%) at 60°C and 60% humidity, inject it into the bottom layer of the sealed container, and then select 10 pen refills (stainless steel balls) with normal ink discharge according to the method and steps in 5.2.2 a, and place them flat on the upper layer of the sealed container. Place the sealed container in a constant temperature oven at (60 ± 2) ℃ for 24 hours, then take it out. On the writing paper, write at a writing angle of 45°10° with the pen core and the paper, and immediately draw lines by hand at a speed of no more than 0.1m/s. Draw 100 circles of 20~~25mm, and start to draw ink within the first 5 circles. After 5 circles 206
, it is qualified if there is no corrosion pitting or broken line. 5.6 Overflow resistance test
QB/T1946—1994
Test oil is placed under specific temperature conditions. After a specified time, it is checked under a biological microscope for crystallization, stratification, gelation and other deterioration phenomena.
5.6.1 Test instruments and materials
Constant overflow oven;
Microscope: 40~100 times;
Glass vial: 100ml..
5.6.2 Test method and steps
Take two glass vials and fill them with 67mL of the ink to be tested respectively, cover and seal them, and place them in a (60±2)℃ constant temperature oven and a (15±2)℃ refrigerator respectively. Take them out after 240h and check them under a microscope. The test results are qualified if there is no deterioration such as crystallization, stratification, gelation, etc. 5.7 Water content test
Test the percentage of water in the oil.
Test instruments and materials
Moisture meter,
Balance, accuracy of 0.1g*
Measuring cup: 100mL,
Toluene (GB/T 684);
Glycerol (GB/T687).
5.7.2 Test method and steps
Weigh the ink to be tested (50±0.1) on a balance and use a measuring cup to measure 70mL of toluene, of which 60mL is added to the round-bottom flask of the moisture analyzer and 10mL is added to the receiving tube of the steamer of the moisture analyzer. The test is carried out in an internal triol oil bath according to the solvent insertion method in GB/T2386.
Specific gravity test
A test to check the ratio of the weight of the ink to the weight of the same volume of water. Test instruments and materials
Densitometer: 1.100~~1.300,
Measuring cylinder: 250mL.
5.8.2 Test conditions
The ambient temperature is (252)°C.
5.8.3 Test method and steps
Pour the ink to be tested into a measuring tube, put it into the density meter until it floats, and read its scale to get the specific gravity. 5.9 Surface tension test
A test to test the surface tension resistance of ink. 5.9.1 Test instrument and materials
Interface tension meter with hanging ring: accuracy value 0.1. 5.9.2 Test conditions
Environmental temperature is (25±2)℃.
5.9.3 Test method and steps
Measure after adjusting the surface tension meter to the working state. 5.10 pH value test
Test for checking the pH value of ink
5.10.1 Test instruments and materials
Balance: accuracy 0.1g;
Measuring cup: 50mL, graduation value 0.1ml;
Beaker: 50mL;
Acidity meter: accuracy 0.01;
Conventional buffer;
Benzyl alcohol (HGB/T3483);
QB/T 1946--1994
95% ethanol (GB/T678): chemically pure. Test method and steps
Use two conventional buffers, acid and alkali, to calibrate the acidity meter respectively, and the difference is allowed to be within 0.02. b. Prepare a mixed solution of ethanol and benzyl alcohol in a volume ratio of 1:1, and adjust the solution pH to 7.0 ± 0.1 (if pH < 7.0, use triethanolamine to adjust, if pH > 7.0, use dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust), as the dilution solution. c. Weigh 5g of the ink to be tested on a balance, measure 45mL of the prepared dilution solution, and measure on an acidometer. 5.11 Viscosity test
Test the internal friction force of the ink flow when the velocity gradient between layers is one unit. 5.11.1 Test instruments and materials
Rotational viscometer;
Constant temperature water bath.
5.11.2 Test method and steps
Put the ink to be tested into the measuring cylinder of the rotary viscometer, connect the measuring cylinder to the constant temperature water bath, adjust the temperature of the water bath to (25±0.5), then adjust the viscometer to the working state for measurement. 6 Inspection rules
The inspection of ink is divided into type inspection and factory inspection. The sampling method during inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T6680. 6.1 Type inspection
6.1.1 When the ink has one of the following conditions, type inspection must be carried out. In normal production, there should be regular inspections at least twice a year; a.
b, when designing new products, improving the design of old products and making major changes in production processes; when resuming production after suspension of three months or more; c.
d. When the national quality supervision agency proposes a requirement for type inspection. 6.1.2 During type inspection, 600g of ink shall be randomly selected from the product, of which 200g shall be used as a preparatory sample and 400g shall be used as a test sample. The ink appearance shall be inspected first, and then other items specified in Table 1 shall be inspected. The product shall be qualified if all the inspections are qualified. 6.2 Factory inspection
6.2.1 The inspection batch is based on the production batch number. 6.2.2 Inspection items: purity, corrosiveness, specific gravity, pH value, surface tension, viscosity and ink appearance. 6.2.3 Sampling method: The number of samples shall be drawn according to Table 2 of 6.6 of GB/T6678. The sample size is 500g, of which 250g shall be used as a preparatory sample.
6.2.4 Quality Judgment: The inspection is qualified when all items are qualified. If a certain indicator in the specified items fails the inspection, it is allowed to re-test the indicator once with the preparation sample, and the re-test result shall prevail. 6.2.5 Treatment after inspection
6.2.5.1 Products can only be shipped after they have passed the inspection and are accompanied by a product certificate. 6.2.5.2 If the first-level ink does not meet the specified technical requirements after inspection, but meets the requirements of the second-level ink, it can be downgraded. 208
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
7.1 Marking
QB/T1946
The label of each barrel of ink should have the product name or model, batch number, net weight, manufacturer name, factory date and standard number, etc. 7.2 Packaging
The ink container must It must be dry, sealed, clean, strong, and not react chemically with the ink. 7.3 Transportation
During transportation and loading and unloading, it should be kept away from sunlight and rain, and must not come into contact with high temperature heat sources above 60°C and organic solvents. 7.4 Storage
7.4.1 The ink should be stored in a warehouse with good air circulation, dryness, and a temperature not higher than 35°C, and corresponding fire safety measures should be taken. 7.4.2 The shelf life of the ink before it is filled into the refill is 3 months. After the ink is filled into the refill, it should comply with the shelf life of GB/T4306. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Pen Standardization Center. This standard is drafted by the Shanghai Pen Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Wei Guili, Yan Shiwei, and Chen Qimu. From the date of implementation of this standard, the former Ministry of Light Industry standard QB937-1984 "Ink for Ballpoint Pens" will be invalid. KKa01;
Conventional buffer;
Benzyl alcohol (HGB/T3483);
QB/T 1946--1994
95% ethanol (GB/T678): chemically pure. Test method and steps
Use two conventional buffers, acid and alkali, to calibrate the acidometer, and allow the difference to be within 0.02. b. Prepare a mixed solution of ethanol and benzyl alcohol with a volume ratio of 1:1, and adjust the pH of the solution to 7.0±0.1 (if pH<7.0, use triethanolamine to adjust, if pH>7.0, use dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust), as the dilution solution. c. Weigh 5g of the ink to be tested on a balance, measure 45mL of the prepared dilution solution, and measure on the acidometer. 5.11 Viscosity test
Test the internal friction force of the ink flow when the velocity gradient between layers is one unit. 5.11.1 Test instruments and materials
Rotational viscometer;
Constant temperature water bath.
5.11.2 Test methods and steps
Put the ink to be tested into the measuring cylinder of the rotational viscometer, connect the measuring cylinder to the constant temperature water bath, adjust the temperature of the water bath to (25±0.5), then adjust the viscometer to the working state for measurement. 6 Inspection rules
The inspection of ink is divided into type inspection and factory inspection. The sampling method during inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T6680. 6.1 Type inspection
6.1.1 When the ink has one of the following conditions, type inspection must be carried out. In normal production, there should be regular inspections at least twice a year; a.
b, when designing new products, improving the design of old products and making major changes in production processes; when resuming production after suspension of three months or more; c.
d. When the national quality supervision agency proposes a requirement for type inspection. 6.1.2 During type inspection, 600g of ink shall be randomly selected from the product, of which 200g shall be used as a preparatory sample and 400g shall be used as a test sample. The ink appearance shall be inspected first, and then other items specified in Table 1 shall be inspected. The product shall be qualified if all the inspections are qualified. 6.2 Factory inspection
6.2.1 The inspection batch is based on the production batch number. 6.2.2 Inspection items: purity, corrosiveness, specific gravity, pH value, surface tension, viscosity and ink appearance. 6.2.3 Sampling method: The number of samples shall be drawn according to Table 2 of 6.6 of GB/T6678. The sample size is 500g, of which 250g shall be used as a preparatory sample.
6.2.4 Quality Judgment: The inspection is qualified when all items are qualified. If a certain indicator in the specified items fails the inspection, it is allowed to re-test the indicator once with the preparation sample, and the re-test result shall prevail. 6.2.5 Treatment after inspection
6.2.5.1 Products can only be shipped after they have passed the inspection and are accompanied by a product certificate. 6.2.5.2 If the first-level ink does not meet the specified technical requirements after inspection, but meets the requirements of the second-level ink, it can be downgraded. 208
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
7.1 Marking
QB/T1946
The label of each barrel of ink should have the product name or model, batch number, net weight, manufacturer name, factory date and standard number, etc. 7.2 Packaging
The ink container must It must be dry, sealed, clean, strong, and not react chemically with the ink. 7.3 Transportation
During transportation and loading and unloading, it should be kept away from sunlight and rain, and must not come into contact with high temperature heat sources above 60°C and organic solvents. 7.4 Storage
7.4.1 The ink should be stored in a warehouse with good air circulation, dryness, and a temperature not higher than 35°C, and corresponding fire safety measures should be taken. 7.4.2 The shelf life of the ink before it is filled into the refill is 3 months. After the ink is filled into the refill, it should comply with the shelf life of GB/T4306. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Pen Standardization Center. This standard is drafted by the Shanghai Pen Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Wei Guili, Yan Shiwei, and Chen Qimu. From the date of implementation of this standard, the former Ministry of Light Industry standard QB937-1984 "Ink for Ballpoint Pens" will be invalid. KKa01;
Conventional buffer;
Benzyl alcohol (HGB/T3483);
QB/T 1946--1994
95% ethanol (GB/T678): chemically pure. Test method and steps
Use two conventional buffers, acid and alkali, to calibrate the acidometer, and allow the difference to be within 0.02. b. Prepare a mixed solution of ethanol and benzyl alcohol with a volume ratio of 1:1, and adjust the pH of the solution to 7.0±0.1 (if pH<7.0, use triethanolamine to adjust, if pH>7.0, use dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust), as the dilution solution. c. Weigh 5g of the ink to be tested on a balance, measure 45mL of the prepared dilution solution, and measure on the acidometer. 5.11 Viscosity test
Test the internal friction force of the ink flow when the velocity gradient between layers is one unit. 5.11.1 Test instruments and materials
Rotational viscometer;
Constant temperature water bath.
5.11.2 Test methods and steps
Put the ink to be tested into the measuring cylinder of the rotational viscometer, connect the measuring cylinder to the constant temperature water bath, adjust the temperature of the water bath to (25±0.5), then adjust the viscometer to the working state for measurement. 6 Inspection rules
The inspection of ink is divided into type inspection and factory inspection. The sampling method during inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T6680. 6.1 Type inspection
6.1.1 When the ink has one of the following conditions, type inspection must be carried out. In normal production, there should be regular inspections at least twice a year; a.
b, when designing new products, improving the design of old products and making major changes in production processes; when resuming production after suspension of three months or more; c.
d. When the national quality supervision agency proposes a requirement for type inspection. 6.1.2 During type inspection, 600g of ink shall be randomly selected from the product, of which 200g shall be used as a preparatory sample and 400g shall be used as a test sample. The ink appearance shall be inspected first, and then other items specified in Table 1 shall be inspected. The product shall be qualified if all the inspections are qualified. 6.2 Factory inspection
6.2.1 The inspection batch is based on the production batch number. 6.2.2 Inspection items: purity, corrosiveness, specific gravity, pH value, surface tension, viscosity and ink appearance. 6.2.3 Sampling method: The number of samples shall be drawn according to Table 2 of 6.6 of GB/T6678. The sample size is 500g, of which 250g shall be used as a preparatory sample.
6.2.4 Quality Judgment: The inspection is qualified when all items are qualified. If a certain indicator in the specified items fails the inspection, it is allowed to re-test the indicator once with the preparation sample, and the re-test result shall prevail. 6.2.5 Treatment after inspection
6.2.5.1 Products can only be shipped after they have passed the inspection and are accompanied by a product certificate. 6.2.5.2 If the first-level ink does not meet the specified technical requirements after inspection, but meets the requirements of the second-level ink, it can be downgraded. 208
7 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
7.1 Marking
QB/T1946
The label of each barrel of ink should have the product name or model, batch number, net weight, manufacturer name, factory date and standard number, etc. 7.2 Packaging
The ink container must It must be dry, sealed, clean, strong, and not react chemically with the ink. 7.3 Transportation
During transportation and loading and unloading, it should be kept away from sunlight and rain, and must not come into contact with high temperature heat sources above 60°C and organic solvents. 7.4 Storage
7.4.1 The ink should be stored in a warehouse with good air circulation, dryness, and a temperature not higher than 35°C, and corresponding fire safety measures should be taken. 7.4.2 The shelf life of the ink before it is filled into the refill is 3 months. After the ink is filled into the refill, it should comply with the shelf life of GB/T4306. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed by the Quality Standards Department of the Ministry of Light Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Pen Standardization Center. This standard is drafted by the Shanghai Pen Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Wei Guili, Yan Shiwei, and Chen Qimu. From the date of implementation of this standard, the former Ministry of Light Industry standard QB937-1984 "Ink for Ballpoint Pens" will be invalid. KKa
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