GB 15842-1995 Safety requirements and test methods for mobile communication equipment
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Mobile radio equipment
Safety requirements and testing methods
Mobile radio equipment
Safety requirements and testing methods1 Subject content and scope of application
1.1 Subject contentWww.bzxZ.net
GB15842-1995
This standard specifies the safety requirements and corresponding test methods for mobile communication equipment against harmful damage, electric shock, radiation, etc. 1.2 Scope of application]
This standard applies to antenna communication equipment for mobile services of all anti-electric shock protection categories (see GB/T12501 Classification of electric and electronic equipment according to electric shock protection) and any auxiliary equipment necessary for the normal operation of the equipment. Including combination units and matching networks, antenna systems and feeders, as well as remote control devices and switching devices for special or public telephones. However, it does not include power supply equipment and battery chargers connected to mobile or fixed stations.
Ensure the safety of personnel during operation and normal adjustment, as well as in the process of troubleshooting and repairing equipment. Ensure the safety of personnel when the equipment is working under normal conditions and a certain fault condition that may occur during normal use. All requirements do not guarantee the safety of operators when the equipment is in abnormal use. The tests specified in this standard are used to verify whether the equipment meets the safety requirements of this standard when it works under normal conditions and specified fault conditions. Such tests should be carried out with representative equipment to determine whether the safety requirements of this standard are met. The use of this standard is not limited to type testing, it is also applicable to acceptance tests after equipment installation, tests after equipment components are changed, and tests conducted at appropriate time intervals to ensure the continued safety of the equipment throughout its life. 2 Reference standards
GB2423
Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products GB2894
Safety signs
GB 4207
Determination of comparative tracking index and proof tracking index of solid insulating materials under humid conditions Safety requirements for electronic measuring equipment
GB4793
GB5169 Fire hazard test for electric and electronic products GB5465.2 Graphic symbols for electrical equipment
GB8898 Safety requirements for household and similar general purpose electronic and related equipment powered by mains power supply GB/T12501: Classification of protection against electric shock of electric and electronic equipment 3 Terms
3.1 Electrically safe
A component is electrically safe if it will not cause harmful electric shock or radio frequency skin burns. The electrical safety conditions of the components are:
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 13, 1995 and implemented on June 1, 1996
GB 15842-1995
When measured with an instrument with an internal resistance of not less than 10 k2/V, the peak voltage between the component and the ground or between the component and any other accessible component shall not exceed 72V. b. When the peak voltage exceeds 72V, the limits on the current and capacitance parameters shall be as specified in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. Table 1 Maximum current limit
Note: ①f represents frequency in kHz, current (peak value)
②The current in the table is measured by connecting a 2k non-inductive resistor in series between the component and the ground or any other accessible component. Table 2 Maximum capacitance limit
Voltage range (peak value)
72~450
450~15000
>15 000
Note: ①U represents the peak voltage, in V. Capacitance
675000/U2
②The maximum capacitance limit in the table is the capacitance between the component and the ground or any other accessible component. The peak voltage is measured with an instrument with an internal resistance of not less than 10ka/V.
3.2 Creepage distance in air The shortest distance measured in air along the surface of the insulator between two conductive parts. 3.3 Clearance in air
The shortest distance measured in air between two conductive parts. 3.4 By hand
Operation that does not require the use of tools, coins or any other objects. 3.5 accessible part accessible part A part that can be touched by inserting the standard finger-shaped test rod described in GB8898 with a force not exceeding 50N in any direction, or a part whose gap with the standard finger-shaped test rod is less than that specified in Appendix A (supplement). 3.6 enclosure
An isolation device for placing potentially dangerous equipment, whose interior cannot be entered except through specially provided passages such as the door or removable cover of the device.
safety device safetydevice
Any part or component used to protect personnel from possible harm. 3.8
live part
refers to a part that may cause obvious electric shock when in contact with or close to it. 3.9 mains supply mains
Any power supply with a working voltage higher than 34V (peak value) and not only used to supply power to one type of equipment. 3.10 rated supply voltage rated supply voltage The mains supply voltage or mains supply voltage range specified by the manufacturer when designing the equipment (three-phase power supply refers to line-to-line voltage). 3.11 Parts conductively connected to the supply mains Parts of equipment electrically connected to the supply mains. The equipment is not grounded. When the part is connected to one pole of the supply mains through a 2k resistor, the current generated on the resistor is greater than 0.7mA (peak value). 3.12 Power supply equipment Power supply Equipment that draws power from the supply mains, and the power supply supplies power to one or more other equipment. 3.13 Power converter Battery power adapter Power supply equipment used to replace the battery powering mobile wireless equipment. 3.14 Mobile communication equipment Mobile radio equipment Wireless transmitting or receiving equipment and systems used in mobile communication services. 3.15 Types of mobile communication equipment Types of communication equipment used in mobile services can be divided into three categories: A, B, and C according to their uses: Category A: base equipment; Category B: mobile equipment; Category C: portable equipment.
Different types of mobile wireless equipment are subject to different safety requirements, see Appendix B (supplement). 3.16 Base equipment (Type A) Base equipment (Type A) Equipment used for transmitters or receivers of fixed or non-fixed base stations, or a combination of transmitters and receivers. 3.17 Mobile equipment (Type B) Mobile equipment (Type B) A transmitter, receiver or transceiver in a mobile station, including a duplexer. 3.18 Portable vehicle equipment (Type B or C) Portable vehicle equipment (Type Band C) is a mobile device that is temporarily installed on a carrier and can work using the power supply and antenna on the carrier, and can also work using its own power supply and antenna when handheld or personally carried. 3.191
Portable equipment (Type C) Portable equipment (Type C) Mobile handheld or personally carried mobile equipment that works using its own power supply and antenna. 3.20 Terminal device
A component used to connect to external wires or other equipment, which may contain several contacts. Safety earth terminal3.21
For safety reasons, a terminal for connecting parts that must be grounded. 3.22Continuous operationUnder the rated load conditions recommended by the manufacturer, the transmitter operates at the rated RF output power and the receiver operates at the rated audio output power.
3.23 Intermittent operation The working state in which transmission and reception are alternated at a certain working time interval, during which the equipment has not yet reached the final temperature allowed by the design.
Note: All simplex equipment works in this mode, and the time interval can be expressed as a percentage of the total working time, such as "10-10-30", which means 10% transmission, 10% reception, and 80% waiting.
3.24 Basic insulation Basic insulation Insulation added to provide basic protection against electric shock for live parts. 3.25 Supplementary insulation Supplementary insulation Independent insulation added to basic insulation so that it can still prevent electric shock in the event of failure of basic insulation. 3.26 Double insulation Double insulation Insulation including basic insulation and supplementary insulation. Reinforced insulation reinforced insulation 3.27
A separate insulation system added to live parts. Under the conditions specified in this standard, its protection against electric shock is equivalent to double insulation. 3.28 Comparative tracking index comparative tracking index69
GB 15842--1995
The highest voltage value that the material can withstand without leakage tracking due to 50 drops of liquid. 4 Normal use conditions and fault conditions
4.1 Overview
The following safety requirements of this standard shall be met under all environmental conditions specified for the equipment, or under more stringent conditions if subjected to separate specification assessment.
This chapter sets out the normal use conditions and fault condition ranges under which the equipment can operate without danger to personnel. When the equipment is in 4. When working under the normal use conditions given in Article 2 and when the initial fault listed in Article 4.3 occurs, the safety requirements of this standard shall be met. 4.2 Normal use conditions
a: The ambient atmospheric conditions of the equipment are as follows:
Temperature: 15～35℃;
Relative humidity: 45%～75%;
Air pressure: 86～106kPa.
The above conditions may be formulated in a more stringent range through consultation between the manufacturer and the user. The power supply voltage and frequency shall be within the equipment within the design range. b.
For AC powered equipment, the power supply voltage waveform should be a basic sine wave (see 2.3.7 of GB4793). For AC and DC dual-use equipment, the two power supplies should be supplied separately. d.
If there is a safety grounding terminal or contact, it should be reliably connected to the ground. Other grounding terminals should also be reliably grounded. e.
If there are doors and covers or other protective covers for entry and exit, they should be closed or fixed in their positions. f.
The equipment works in any position specified in the design. g.
The equipment controller can be touched in any working position. The equipment works under any input and output signal conditions specified in the technical conditions. j
All connectors that are not used for normal operation of the equipment should be protected (such as plastic covers). 4.3 Fault conditions
Equipment working under normal use conditions is considered to be working under fault conditions when one of the following faults a to e and any related faults occur. The initial faults may occur in any appropriate order. When the creepage distance is less than that specified in Appendix A (Supplement), short-circuit through the creepage distance. Unless the insulation complies with the provisions of 6.4. a.
b. When the gap is less than that specified in Appendix A (Supplement), short-circuit through the gap. Any component that is considered to be potentially dangerous fails by inspection of the equipment and analysis of the circuit diagram. Unless it is known that the component meets the safety requirements through tests suitable for its use conditions in the C.
equipment. d. The mismatch at the RF output exceeds the specified value, including open circuit and short circuit. Any power output connector is short-circuited. e. Any cooling system fails.
5 Components and Structures
5.1 Overview
The purpose of this chapter is to ensure that the equipment designed and manufactured ensures the safety of personnel throughout its service life. If the test method is not given in this standard, an appearance inspection should be used, and a functional test may also be used. 5.2 Components
5.2.1 General requirements
The load of components should not exceed their rated values under normal conditions, and should not exceed their rated values under fault conditions as much as possible. Components that are known to meet safety requirements through tests that are compatible with the conditions under which the components are used in the equipment do not need to be tested. Components that do not fall into the above conditions must be tested inside or outside the equipment (under conditions equivalent to the conditions under which the components are used inside the equipment). The number of components to be tested should be negotiated between the manufacturer and the user. 70
5.2.2 Connectors
GB15842--1995
The connection should be designed so that no harm will be caused by reading. For example, a circuit connector for non-power supply cannot be used as a mains power connector, and a mains power connector cannot be used for any other purpose, such as for low power or signal circuits. b. The structure of the connector should prevent the bare wire connected to it from contacting any other part. The clearance and creepage distance between C connectors and internal auxiliary contacts (such as monitoring points) and other circuits shall be at least twice the value specified in Appendix A (Supplement).
Cans, connectors with non-detachable cords and cables shall comply with the requirements of GB8898. 5.2.3 Switches
Each mobile wireless device shall have a separate power switch. The on and off position indication of the power switch shall be clearly visible. Some parts of the device, such as memory (PROM, ROM, etc.) and microprocessor parts, are allowed to be powered when the power switch is in the off position.
5.2.4 Fuse
The fuse element in the fuse shall be encapsulated, and the model and rating of the fuse shall be marked on its fixed part near the fuse. The model and rating of the wire fuse installed in the power supply line of the mobile wireless device shall be marked near the power supply cable entering the casing. 5.2.5 Corrosion-prone parts
The structure of the equipment shall ensure that any component failure due to corrosion will not cause harm to personnel. The corrosion test of the components shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user. 5.3 Structure
5.3.1 General requirements
a. The equipment shall be made of non-flammable materials as far as possible and shall have sufficient strength to ensure safety. 2. Where the loose electrical connection may cause harm, its fixing degree shall not depend on the pressure on the insulating material. Screws that serve as both electrical and mechanical connections shall be fully locked. C. Moving parts that may cause personal injury shall be fully protected. This requirement also applies to auxiliary mechanical equipment required for the installation of mobile equipment in the carrier.
Parts activated by remote control shall take appropriate protective measures to prevent possible injury. e. The mechanical design of the equipment shall reduce possible injuries to personnel, such as sharp edges, protruding corners, radiators, and injuries caused by springs and portable equipment, antennas of portable carrier equipment, etc. Warning signs shall be marked in appropriate places. This requirement also applies to any auxiliary parts of the equipment. Such as radio brackets, telephones and their brackets, and elevators. The installation rules for the equipment inside the car shall be stated in the manufacturer's installation and maintenance manual. 5.3.2 Moisture resistance
The safety test shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user, and shall be carried out after the equipment has undergone the corresponding condensation test given in GB2423.
5.3. 3 Waterproof
For equipment with waterproof requirements, it shall have good waterproof performance. The safety test shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user, and shall be carried out after the equipment has undergone the corresponding sealing test given in GB2423. For parts that must have waterproof requirements, only tools are allowed to be used for disassembly. 5.3.4 Battery box
The battery box shall be installed in a well-ventilated position to remove harmful gases and vapors, and ensure that the leakage of battery electrolyte will neither damage other parts nor harm people.
5.3.5 Bracket structure
Proper consideration shall be given to safety. Prevent the equipment from accidentally falling when it is working normally inside the carrier or in the event of a collision. 5.4 Safety signs
GB 15842-7995
5.4.1 The safety signs used should not disappear during the life of the equipment and should remain clear and easy to identify. Use visual inspection and the following test methods to inspect:
a When gently wiped with cotton cloth soaked in water, gasoline and alcohol (90% ethanol) respectively, the mark should not be wiped off. b, When exposed to sunlight, the mark should not fade and become difficult to identify. 5.4.2 The text of the mark should be in Chinese characters, or English or other characters should be added according to the scope of use. If symbols are used, they should comply with the provisions of GB5465.2 and GB2894, see Appendix C (reference) 5.4.3 The manufacturer shall indicate the safety instructions and suggestions for operators in the instruction manual. 6 Protection against harmful electric shock and radio frequency skin burns
6.1 Overview
This chapter proposes the design principles that must be followed for mobile communication equipment with dangerous voltages. If the test method is not given in this standard, an appearance inspection shall be adopted, and a functional test may also be adopted. 6.2 Grounding
6.2.1 Safety grounding terminal
All accessible conductive parts shall be reliably connected to the safety grounding terminal. In addition, the following provisions shall also be met: a: Equipment connected to a fixed power supply line shall use a separate safety grounding terminal, which shall be as close as possible to the grid power terminal and shall be marked with a safety grounding symbol.
The material used for the grounding terminal shall be consistent with the grounding conductor in terms of electrolytic properties. The grounding wire shall not be loosened by hand after installation.
b. For equipment equipped with non-detachable flexible wires or relays, the requirements in a above also apply. In addition, the soft wire or cable connecting the equipment to the mains power supply shall contain an insulated ground wire with a sufficient cross section, which shall be yellow-green in color and consistent with the requirements of Article 16.1.1 of GB8898, and shall be connected to the safety grounding terminal of the equipment. If a plug is provided, this wire shall be connected to the safety grounding pin (socket) of the plug. c: For equipment equipped with a mains power connector, it shall be ensured that the mains power connector of the equipment shall contain a safety grounding pin (socket), which shall be an integral part of the connector.
When the connector is inserted into the power supply, the safety grounding pin (socket) shall be connected first, and when the connector is unplugged to cut off the power supply, the pin (hole) shall be disconnected last.
Neither the safety grounding terminal nor the safety grounding pin (hole) shall be used for any other purpose. 6.2.2 Safety grounding connection
a. Conductive housings and frames shall not be relied upon as safety grounding connections. A separate conductor with sufficiently low impedance shall be used as a grounding connection to ensure that accessible parts are electrically safe under normal use conditions and fault conditions. b. The safety ground connection wire cannot be used for any other purpose. 6.3 Wiring
6.3.1 All wires and cables should be properly protected to prevent possible mechanical damage under normal working conditions. 6,3.2 The wires used for monitoring, keying, control or modulation inside the equipment and the wires connecting them to the external circuit should be adequately insulated to prevent contact with other wires inside the equipment. It is best to use structural isolation or ground shielding wire. 6.3.3 The terminal arrangement of the flexible cable should ensure that all its electrical connection wires are free of mechanical stress and the cable is not worn. 6.4 Insulation
6.4.1 Where the creepage distance in the equipment is less than that specified in Appendix A (Supplement), the insulating material used must be free of leakage traces and non-flammable. For materials other than ceramics, the comparative tracking index should be determined using the test method given in GB4207. If the comparative tracking index is equal to or greater than 175, the insulating material can be considered to be free of leakage traces. The flammability of insulating materials shall be tested using the test methods given in GB5169. 6.4.2 As long as thermionic tubes, pins and sockets, relays, plugs and sockets, printed boards, transistors, micro-components and devices comply with their respective technical specifications, smaller creepage distances are allowed inside them. 72
6.5 RF output connection parts
GB15842-1995
6.5.1 The RF output connection parts of the transmitter are electrically unsafe, especially when the feeder is open. Such wiring is allowed if it is a dangerous part that people cannot approach accidentally. Warning signs or shielding measures should be taken where necessary. See Section 5.4 for signs.
6.5.2 The RF output circuit should be designed to discharge any charge (such as static charge that may cause dangerous voltage) to the ground as much as possible.
6.5.3 Due to the influence of other transmitters working in the same place, high voltage may exist at the output of the transmitter. Measures should be taken to make the affected parts electrically safe. 7 High temperature, fire and other various hazards
7.1 Overview
The purpose of this chapter is to ensure that operators are not easily injured by overheated parts during normal work and to ensure that high temperature conditions that can cause fire or other hazards do not occur. This chapter also includes some other hazards that must be avoided in the design of equipment. When no test method is given, an appearance inspection should be used, and a functional test may also be used. 7.2 High temperature
7.2.1 Permissible temperature rise under normal use conditions The accessible parts of the equipment should not reach a temperature that can cause human injury, and other parts should not reach a temperature that degrades the electrical insulation performance and reduces the mechanical strength.
Under normal use conditions, the maximum safe temperature rise is specified in GB8898. 7.2.2 Temperature rise under fault conditions
Under specified fault conditions (according to Article 4.3), no component in the equipment should reach a temperature that can cause fire or release flammable and harmful gases.
Check with the following test method:
If a thermal controller, overload controller or fuse is used to limit the temperature rise, the temperature should be measured 2 minutes after the device is activated. a.
b. If there is no such device, the temperature should be measured continuously until the final temperature rise is reached, and the maximum time should not exceed 6 hours. Compare the measured temperature rise value with the maximum safe working temperature value of the components and materials used. The maximum temperature rise under fault conditions is specified in GB8898.
7.3 Fire prevention
The design of the equipment should minimize the possibility of fire and fire spread. The use of flammable components and materials, such as non-flame retardant plastics, should be avoided as much as possible. 7.4 Explosion
7.4.1 General requirements
All explosive components should be protected to avoid harm to personnel. 7.4.2 Explosion
Components that may cause harm due to explosion should be equipped with safety valves or an "explosive structure" for releasing energy to prevent the components from being subjected to excessive pressure.
The location of the safety valve or "explosive structure" should ensure that its operation will not cause harm to personnel. 7.5 Harmful radiation
7.5.1 Requirements
The structure of the transmitting equipment should be such that any stray or machine-generated radio frequency non-ionizing radiation it generates will not harm personnel. At 10 cm from the surface of the equipment, the field quantity parameters of any stray electromagnetic radiation field generated by the transmitting equipment should meet the requirements of Table 3. 73
Frequency range
3～30
30~-3000
3000~15000
15000~30000
GB15842-1995
Table 3 Limit values of electromagnetic radiation
Electric field strength
Note: The frequency in the table is expressed in MHz. 7.5.2 Monitoring
Magnetic field strength
Power density
f/1500
a. When the operating frequency of the electromagnetic radiator is lower than 300MHz, the electric field strength and magnetic field strength should be measured separately. When the operating frequency of the electromagnetic radiator is higher than 300MHz, only the electric field strength can be measured. b. The measuring instrument should try to use a field strength meter or energy meter with an omnidirectional probe. When using a non-omnidirectional probe, the probe direction must be adjusted continuously during the measurement until the maximum field strength value is measured. The instrument frequency response unevenness and accuracy should not be worse than ±3dB. 7.6 Hazardous materials
All hazardous materials used in the equipment should be listed in the equipment manual, and the safe management, storage and handling methods of these materials should be fully explained, and the harmfulness of the materials contained in the components should be indicated at the same time. 7.7 Hazardous short circuit of low-voltage power supply
When the equipment contains high-current low-voltage components (such as large-capacity batteries), its wires and connecting terminals are electrically safe according to the provisions of Article 3.1, but if a short circuit occurs suddenly, it is easy to cause serious electric arc and overheating, which can cause harm to people and fire. Equipment containing such high-current low-voltage components should be designed and manufactured to minimize the possibility of dangerous short circuits. The battery contacts should be structurally capable of preventing unintentional short circuits of the battery. If a portable device or its battery is placed in a pocket with metal objects such as keys and hard disks, the device or battery should not have terminals that cause danger. Mobile wireless devices installed inside the carrier should be connected to their power supply through a fuse. When the device is powered directly by the battery using its own power cord (not from the car wiring), the fuse should be located near the car battery to avoid fire caused by short circuits in the battery wiring. 7.8 Safety of abnormal power supply procedures
7.8.1 Connecting and disconnecting the power supply
When connecting and disconnecting the power supply, it should not cause harm to personnel even if the switch of the mains power supply is in the "on position" 7.8.2 Protection against reverse polarity of power supply
When the power supply polarity is reversed, it should not cause harm to personnel. The structure of the battery of portable carrier equipment and portable equipment should be able to avoid reverse polarity.
GB15842—1995
Appendix A
Gap and creepage distances
(Supplement)
There should be appropriate gaps and creepage distances between conductive parts to avoid failure under dust deposition or humid conditions. Table A1 gives the minimum gaps and creepage distances. The actual gap or creepage distance of the equipment should include the dimensional tolerance of the components. Table A1
DC or peak voltage U
72U≤354
354
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